scholarly journals Population dynamics of stem fly and defoliator pests of soybean and their natural enemies in relation to weather parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
R. Bala Muralidhar Naik ◽  
K. Vijaya Lakshmi ◽  
M. Venkataiah ◽  
C. Srinivas ◽  
G. Uma Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest ◽  
Tobacco Caterpillar

The field experiment was carried out at Polasa Farm, Regional agricultural research station Jagtial during the Kharif, 2014-15 and 2015-16. Study about pre dominant lepidopteran insect –pests in soybean crop noticed that the tobacco cut worm, (Spodptera exigua Hubner), green semi looper(Crysodexis acuta Walker), and tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab) along with stemfly, (Melanagromyza obtusa Zehnter) as non lepidopteran pest were noticed at various growth stages of cropgrowth. The peak activity of stem fly (37.84%) was observed during 37th standard week per meter row) for the year 2014 and for the year 2015 to a maximum infestation of 35.70 per cent during 30th std.week. The peak activity of caterpillar pests i.e., S. litura (7.6 larvae per meter row) for the year 2014 was observed during 34th std.week and for the year 2015 (12.4 per meter row during 36th std.week and C. acuta (0.7 larvae per meter row) during 36th std. week for the year 2014 and for the year 2015 (2.20 larvae/mrl on 37th std week. S. exigua (1.6 larvae per meter row) for both the years 2014 and 2015 was observed during 32th std.week Among the natural enemies, one predators namely, spiders (Oxyopes sp. was observed to prey on the insect pests.The biocontrol agent’s one species, lynx spider, Oxyopes sp. population recorded on the crop during Kharif , 2014 ranged from 0.15 to 0.40 /mrl and 0.15 to 0.60/ mrl during Kharif, 2015.

Seasonal Incidence of Pulse Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) and its Natural Enemies on Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Relation to Some Abiotic Factors in Alluvial Zone of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pal ◽  
S. Samanta ◽  
A. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Weather Parameters

Background: Field pea, Pisum sativum L. is an important winter-season pulse crop. It is subjected to damage by both field and storage insect pests and approximately 10-15 per cent reduction in yield was reported due to the infestation of different insect pests. Among these, pulse aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) affects plant physiology directly by removal of nutrients or indirectly by dispersal of various viral diseases. The present investigation has been aimed to study the seasonal fluctuations of aphids and their natural enemies as well as their correlation. Another objective was to know the effect of various weather parameters on pulse aphids and their natural enemies which ultimately would be helpful to develop a forewarning model.Methods: The field experiment was conducted at the A-B Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal using two varieties of field pea (KPMR 935 and IFPD 122) during rabi seasons of two consecutive years of 2017-18 and 2018-19 following a Randomized Block Design with three replications. After recording the total population of both pests (nymphs and adults) and their natural enemies across the season, the mean population was worked out and used for correlation and regression studies along with the weather parameters. Result: Maximum aphid population was noticed during the peak pod formation stage of the crop irrespective of the varieties. The pest population was very strongly correlated with the incidence of coccinellid and ant population in both test varieties. Among the weather parameters, both maximum and minimum temperature and sunshine hour showed a positive correlation with the pest population and their natural enemies but relative humidity and rainfall showed a negative correlation. Regression studies indicated that temperature and relative humidity were the most influencing factors over the incidence of aphid in both the seasons.

Effect of weather parameters on the population dynamics of White backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
ADVSLP Anand Kumar ◽  
N Mallikharjuna Rao ◽  
CV Rama Rao ◽  
S Krishnam Raju
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Second Peak

A field experiment on the population dynamics of White backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) carried out during kharif and rabi 2016-17 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, India revealed that the incidence of WBPH was observed during 36th SMW (September 3-9). Its activity increased during successive weeks up to 44th SMW with two peaks, first peak at 38th SMW (September 17-23) with population of 46/10 hills and second peak at 42nd SMW (October 15-21) with population of 170/ 10 hills during kharif 2016, while WBPH was first noticed during 7th SMW (February 12-18) and population increased gradually during successive weeks and attained peak number during 13th SMW (March 26-April 1) in rabi 2016-17. Correlation studies revealed that WBPH had significant negative relation with morning relative humidity of current week during kharif 2016. None of the abiotic factors has showed significant relationship with the population of WBPH during rabi 2016-17.

Effect of rodenticides and traps against lesser bandicoot rat,(Bandicota bengalensis) in rice field

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Borah ◽  
A. Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Field Rodents ◽  
Bamboo Traps ◽  
Different Growth Stages

An investigation was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Titabor and Instructional-Cum- Research Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during 2013-14 and 2014-15 in boro and sali season respectively. The field trials were conducted to evaluate effectiveness by combining rodenticides with local bamboo traps against field rodents in rice. Combined effect of rodenticides and traps were evaluated at different growth stages of rice against Bandicota bengalensis in terms of live burrow count (LBC/ha), trapping index (TI) as well as per cent cut tillers in both boro and sali rice, respectively. Baiting with bromadiolone (0.005%) at panicle initiation stage and bamboo traps at milky stage recorded the highest reduction in rodent population (72.39% LBC/ha, 70.57% TI and 68.13% cut tillers) in boro and (72.27% LBC/ha, 77.13% TI and 70.77% cut tillers) in sali rice over control at harvesting stage. The second best treatment in respect of per cent reduction of LBC/ha, trap index and cut tillers was bamboo traps at maximum tillering stage and bromadiolone (0.005%) at panicle initiation stage in both boro and sali rice, respectively which recorded a reduction of 65.89% LBC/ha, 66.19% TI and 65.66% cut tillers in boro rice and 68.33% LBC/ha, 71.04% TI and 62.83% tiller damage in sali rice

scholarly journals Abundance of arthropod insect pests and natural enemies in rice field as influenced by rice growth stages and neighboring crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-319
Author(s):  
P Mukherjee ◽  
MMH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Rice Bug ◽  
Tree Habitat

Studies were conducted to record the abundance of arthropod insect pests and natural enemies in rice fields as influenced by rice growth stages and neighboring crops at the experimental farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Dumki, Patuakhali during 2012 in Boro rice season following randomized complete block design. Results indicated that rice-tree habitat showed the highest abundance of leafhoppers (100.75) followed by cricket (16.50), grasshoppers (15.25) and stink bugs (15.25). The lowest abundance of all insect pests was in rice-sesame habitat. No significant differences were found on the abundance of rice bug, rice hispa and stem borer populations. At seedling stage, the highest abundance of leafhopper (94.25) was recorded followed by grasshopper (47.00) and stink bug (26.50) while the lowest was stem borer (0.57) and rice hispa (6.00). At early tillering stage, maximum number of grasshopper (17.25) was recorded followed by cricket (7.00). At maximum tillering stage, the highest abundance of leafhoppers (122.5) was obtained followed by rice bug (62.00) and the lowest was the stink bug (7.00). At panical initiation stage, the highest abundance of rice bug (334.00) was recorded which was followed by leafhoppers (65.25) and the lowest was the cricket (15.75). No population of rice hispa and stem borer was recorded at maximum tillering and panical initiation stages. In case of natural enemies, the highest abundance of lady bird beetle (45.27) and damselfly (16.73) was found in rice-rice habitat. The highest abundance of ichneumonid wasp (57.53) was in rice-tree habitat and ground beetle (28.80) was in rice-sesame habitat. No significant differences were observed on the abundance of dragonfly, spider and dipteran fly among different habitats. Among different growth stages of rice plant, significantly the highest abundance of lady bird beetle was recorded at maximum tillering stage. The highest abundance of ichneumonid wasp and ground beetle was recorded at seedling stage. The highest abundance of damselfly, spider and dipteran fly was at early tillering stage. No significant difference was observed on the abundance of dragonfly among different rice growth stages.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(2): 309-319, June 2017

scholarly journals Diversity of insect pests and natural enemies as influenced by growth stages and pest management practices in rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
MA Bakar ◽  
MMH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages

In order to measure the diversity of insect pests and natural enemies in rice ecosystem, the present study was conducted in the research farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali during the period from January to June, 2012 in boro rice season. Diversity indices of insect pests and their natural enemies were found to be affected by the combined effect of rice growth stages and management practices. Diversity indices of insect pests and their natural enemies differed according to treatments and crop growth stages. In case of insect pests, the untreated control treatment showed the highest diversity index (1.67) at maximum tillering stage and spray (Bipolar 55EC @ 10 ml/10 L of water) + perching at early tillering stage also showed highest richness (26.14) and the highest evenness (0.921) in spray at seedling stage. The highest reciprocal form of Berger-Parker's Dominance index (D) was found in untreated control at maximum tillering stage (3.03) for insect pests. In case of natural enemies, perching showed the highest diversity index (1.88) at reproductive stage. Spraying of insecticide at early tillering stage also showed highest richness (5.06) and the highest evenness (0.982) was in perching at seedling stage. The highest D value was found in perching at reproductive stage (4.67) for natural enemies.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 461-470, September 2016

scholarly journals Glufosinate Safety in WideStrike® Acala Cotton

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Wright ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Robert B. Hutmacher ◽  
Gerardo Banuelos ◽  
Kelly A. Hutmacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Standard Application ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
Crop Growth Stages

WideStrike® Acala cotton is a two-gene, in-plant trait that provides broad-spectrum and season-long control of lepidopteran insect pests, and the varieties available in California also have resistance to glyphosate. There have been indications that WideStrike cotton has some glufosinate tolerance as well, so the level of tolerance to glufosinate needed to be ascertained. A 2-yr (2008 and 2009) study was conducted in California to evaluate the potential crop injury caused by three different rates (0.59, 0.88, and 1.76 kg ai ha−1) of glufosinate–ammonium at four different growth stages (cotyledon, 2-node, 5- to 6-node, and 18- to 19-node stages) of WideStrike Acala cotton. The effects of these treatments on the cotton plants and yield were closely monitored. Glyphosate at 1.54 kg ae ha−1 was applied at all cotton growth stages as a standard application, and a nontreated control was included. The greatest level of injury (58%) was observed with the highest rate of glufosinate applied at both the cotyledon and the two-node stage of cotton. However, injury was less than 10% following glufosinate at 0.59 kg ha−1 applied at the 18- to 19-node stage. The level of injury increased with the higher application rate of glufosinate at all crop growth stages. In 2008 and 2009, the glufosinate treatments had no effect on cotton lint yield. Therefore, the study showed that glufosinate can be applied safely topically at 0.59 kg ha−1 at the cotyledon- to 2-node stage or as POST-directed spray between the 5- to 19-node stages. Although injury occurred at this rate, the plants recovered within 2 to 3 wk of the treatment. Increasing glufosinate rates beyond 0.59 kg ha−1 can increase the possibility of greater crop injury.

scholarly journals Physiochemical Changes of Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] in Responses to Varying Irrigation Regimes

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Mohd. Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Mohammad Ashraful Alam ◽  
Jamil Hossain ◽  
Walid Soufan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Mungbean is one of the most powerful pulses providing substantial protein for human diets and fixing N to the soil, improving nutritional food security and agricultural sustainability. The production of summer mungbean in the tropics and subtropics is adversely affected by drought due to water scarcity caused by various factors as well as lack of rainfall. Irrigation at different growth phases is not a suitable solution. An environmentally friendly and economically viable answer is a convenient irrigation management option that will be available to farmers together with drought-tolerant genotypes. The study considered to determine the effect of differences between drought-tolerant and drought susceptible genotypes on water productivity response and physiological traits in mung beans. To quantify seed yield-related to irrigation at different growth stages eventually to quickly determine the most appropriate irrigation stage. One water stress tolerant mung bean genotype (BMX-08010-2) and one sensitive genotype (BARI Mung-1) were grown in the field with four different irrigation schedules along with water stress conditions (no irrigation) under rain shelter at Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishwardi, Pabna, Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in split plots with three replications, with irrigation schedules assigned in the main plot and mung bean genotypes assigned in the side plots. Water use efficiency ranged from 3.79 to 4.68 kg ha−1 mm−1 depending on irrigation regime, and mung bean seed yield of mung bean Water stress decreased plant water status, photosynthetic pigment and membrane stability index, and increased proline soluble sugar content. Treatments that received irrigation during two or three phases (I3 or I4) gave significantly higher yields than those that received irrigation during only one stage (I1 and I2) with the lowest yield. While the yield obtained ranged between 1145.44 kg ha−1 with seasonal irrigation of 277 mm (I4) and 555.14 kg ha−1 without irrigation (I0). The flowering stage (I3) was recorded as the most sensitive growth stage with an 18.15% yield reduction compared to the treatment with triple irrigation (I4). Also, depending on the irrigation sources, at least two irrigation phases should be provided at the triple leaf stage (I2, i.e., 20 DAS) and at the flowering stage (I3, i.e., 35 DAS) to achieve the highest yield. Genotypes that maintained the higher performance of physicochemical traits under water stress provided higher seed yield and promoted drought tolerance. Therefore, these parameters can be used as physiological and biochemical markers to identify and develop superior genotypes suitable for drought-prone environments.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing dates on the populations of three major insect pests and associated natural enemies throughout the growth stages of maize plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (3 - Ahead of print) ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Hamdy H. Mahmoud ◽  
Soheir F. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Magda H. Naroz ◽  
Sayeda S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Sesamia Cretica ◽  
Maize Plants

In Egypt, maize is an important crop that is attacked by various pests. In the present study, the effect of maize planting dates on the populations of insect pests and their natural enemies were investigated throughout the growth stages of maize plants. The maize planting dates were at the beginning of May, Jun, and July in the 2019 season and were repeated in the 2020 season. Samples were collected weekly to determine the populations of the insect pests, Limothrips cerealium (Haliday, 1836), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856), and Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 and their natural predators. For the first sowing date, the infestation percentage of L. cerealium and S. cretica were most substantial, especially in the seedling and precorn formation stages. For the third sowing date, the number of R. maidis was most substantial, especially in the corn formation stage. Three predators were associated with these insect species; of these predators, Coccinella undecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Scymnus interruptus (Goeze, 1777), and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) were observed at the highest numbers during all sowing dates. A highly significant correlation existed between populations of S. interruptus and the three insects across the two seasons. Data suggest that the percentage of thrips, aphids, and stem borers infestations can be minimized by planting maize varieties in June.

Population dynamics of major defoliators (semiloopers and tobacco caterpillar) in soybean crop

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramesh Babu ◽  
Prahlad Kumar Meena ◽  
Ramgopal Dudwal
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Tobacco Caterpillar

A study was carried out to find out the effect of various weather parameters on the occurrence of major defoliators in soybean crop. Semilooper larval population was recorded late July/early August and their peak activity observed during 33-34, 33-36 and 37-39 standard weeks, in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Among the weather factors, morning relative humidity showed significant (r=0.954) and positively, highly influence on the larval population per mrl whereas evening humidity (r=-0.644) and sunshine hrs (r=-0.367) negatively and significantly influence the larval population per mrl. The various weather parameters significantly caused 92 per cent variations in larval population per mrl. The moth catches of Spodoptera litura increased from late-August to late-September and this trend was almost similar in different kharif seasons observed. Larval population of S. litura positively correlated with pheromone trap catches during 2014.

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