scholarly journals Aggregates morphometry in a Latosol (Oxisol) under different soil management systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Eloize Carducci ◽  
Antônio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino ◽  
Milson Evaldo Serafim ◽  
Erika Andressa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Aggregate Morphology ◽  
Physical Attributes

Changes in soil physical properties are inherent in land use, mainly in superficial layers. Structural alterations can directly influence distribution, stability and especially morphometry of soil aggregates, which hence will affect pore system and the dynamic process of water and air in soil. Among the methods used to measure these changes, morphometry is a complementary tool to the classic methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate structural quality of a Latosol (Oxisol), under different management systems, using morphometric techniques. Treatments consisted of soil under no-tillage (NT); pasture (P), in which both had been cultivated for ten years, and an area under native vegetation (NV – Savannah like vegetation). Aggregates were sampled at depths of 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m, retained on sieves with 9.52 – 4.76 mm, 4.76 – 1.0mm, 1.0 – 0.5mm diameter ranges. Aggregate morphometry was assessed by 2D images from scanner via QUANTPORO software. The analyzed variables were: area, perimeter, aspect, roughness, Ferret diameter and compactness. Moreover, disturbed samples were collected at the same depths to determine particle size, aggregate stability in water, water-dispersible clay, clay flocculation index and organic matter content. It was observed that different soil management systems have modified soil aggregate morphology as well as physical attributes; and management effects’ magnitude increased from NT to P.

Comparison of alternative farming systems. III. Soil aggregate stability

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Jordahl ◽  
D.L. Karlen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
Alternative Practices

AbstractQuantitative studies are needed to separate the real and supposed benefits of alternative farming practices. Our objective was to learn how conventional and alternative practices on adjacent farms in central Iowa affected the water stability of soil aggregates. We collected samples of Clarion loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) from adjacent 16 ha fields in fall 1990 and spring 1991. Aggregate stability was determined by wet-sieving and by measuring turbidity of soil-water suspensions. The combined effects of alternative practices resulted in greater water stability of soil aggregates, higher soil organic matter content, and lower bulk density compared with conventional practices. The components of the alternative system that were mainly responsible for these differences were: rotations that included oat and hay crops; ridge-tillage; and additions of 45 Mg/ha of a mixture of animal manure and municipal sludge during the first 3 years of each 5 year rotation. The more favorable soil physical conditions, shown by increased water stability of soil aggregates, presumably will improve soil water regimes and reduce long-term soil erosion losses from the alternatively managed fields.

Comparison of aggregate stability within six soil profiles under conventional tillage using various laboratory tests

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Marcela Rohošková ◽  
Anna Žigová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability

AbstractSoil structure stability was studied in every diagnostic horizons of six soil types (Haplic Chernozem, Greyic Phaeozem, two Haplic Luvisols, Haplic Cambisol, Dystric Cambisol) using different techniques investigating various destruction mechanisms of soil aggregates. Soil aggregate stability, assessed by the index of water stable aggregates (WSA), varied depending on the organic matter content, clay content and pHKCl. The presence of clay and organic matter coatings and fillings, and presence of iron oxides in some soils increased stability of soil aggregates. On the other hand periodical tillage apparently decreased aggregate stability in the Ap horizons. Coefficients of aggregate vulnerability resulting from fast wetting (KV 1) and slow wetting (KV 2) tests showed similar trends of the soil aggregate stability as the WSA index, when studied for soils developed on the similar parent material. There was found close correlation between the WSA index and the KV 1 value, which depended also on the organic matter content, clay content and pHKCl. Less significant correlation was obtained between the WSA index and the KV 2 value, which depended on the organic matter content and clay content. Coefficients of vulnerability resulting from the shaking after pre-wetting test (KV 3) showed considerably different trends in comparison to the other tests due to the different factors affecting aggregate stability against the mechanical destruction. The KV 3 value depended mostly on cation exchange capacity, pHKCl and organic matter content.

Soil Improvement Following Addition of Chipped Wood from Twigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Lalande ◽  
Valentin Furlan ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Gilles Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Wet Aggregate Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractWood residues are applied to soils to improve their organic matter content and related biological, physical, and chemical properties. We monitored the changes in soil total C and N content, the bacterial, fungal and actinomycetal populations, and microbial biomass and activity during 20 weeks in the first season following the application of chipped wood from twigs (CWT), and as residual effects during the second growing season on a loamy soil (coarse loamy, mixed, frigid, Humic Fragiorthod) in Sainte-Brigitte-des-Saults (Québec) Canada. Wet-aggregate stability and the content of nutrients of the soil also were determined. Adding CWT stimulated the bacterial and actinomycetal populations very rapidly (within 8 weeks); in the second season the effect was less pronounced and gradually disappeared. The most significant and long-lasting effect was on the fungal population in two consecutive years of observation, with increases of up to 24-fold. This stimulation of fungi possibly was responsible for the large and significant increase in wet-aggregate stability observed in the second year. The effect of CWT on alkaline phosphatase activity and total C and N was observed only in the second season. Someimmobilization was seen only in the season immediately following residue application. The addition of the CWT also supplied micronutrients, in particular Zn, which would make it a useful source of some elements in deficient soils. Application of CWT to this soil greatly improved its quality, as revealed by its biological, chemical, and physical attributes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Organic Matter and Other Soil Characteristics Upon the Aggregate Stability of Some Tropical Soils

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
J. Juárez, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Level Of Significance

This paper reports on statistical studies conducted to evaluate the degree of stability of soil aggregates in terms of the respective organic-matter, clay, and silt contents of selected soils from the Lajas Valley irrigation development project. Simple regression analyses revealed that there was no correlation between aggregate stability and clay or silt content. However, a highly significant correlation was obtained when organic-matter content was considered as the independent variable. In spite of the level of significance only 16 percent of the variability in aggregate stability can be explained on a basis of the soil organic-matter content, thus limiting the possible usefulness of estimates made by using the equation developed.

scholarly journals Carbon balance of sandy loam soils in arid landscapes of the Chechen Republic

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Rustam Gakaev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Semi Arid

The spatial variability of the stability of soil aggregates and its relationship with runoff and soil erosion were studied in a semi-arid environment in the field in order to assess the validity of the stability of structures as an indicator of soil erosion in soils of sandy loam ridges. The influence of soil and relief properties on the variability of aggregate stability was also investigated. Significant relationships were found in the number of water droplets required to break down the aggregate, as well as the rate of runoff and erosion. The most significant correlation was found between the number of droplet impacts and the soil organic matter content. The stability of aggregates in the upper soil layer is apparently a valuable indicator of field runoff and inter-season soil erosion of sandy loamy ridges in semi-arid conditions.

Fertility, carbon stock and aggregate stability of an Alfisol under integrated farming systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Luan Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Flávio Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Ferreira Martins ◽  
Danillo Dutra Tavares ◽  
André Julio do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Integrated Farming Systems

ABSTRACT Integrated farming systems are promising strategies for the recovery of pastures and degraded soils. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of integrated farming systems arrangements, after four years of implementation, on the fertility, carbon stock and aggregate stability of an Alfisol, in the semiarid region of the Paraíba state, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, with 5 treatments and 4 replications: Brachiaria decumbens; B. decumbens + Tabebuia impetiginous; B. decumbens + Gliricidia sepium; B. decumbens + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia; and B. decumbens + maize. The soil chemical attributes, fertility, carbon stock and structural and aggregate stability were evaluated in the 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m layers. The B. decumbens + maize system presented an organic matter content 11.93 % higher than B. decumbens, and was higher than the other systems evaluated. Concerning the carbon stock in the 0.00-0.10 m layer, in B. decumbens the uptake was 2.66 Mg ha-1 higher than that of the B. decumbens + maize system and, on average, 4.69 Mg ha-1 higher than for the systems with the arboreal component. In the medium-term, B. decumbens is more efficient in adding carbon to the soil. The soil structural stability, aggregate stability index and fertility were not affected by the different arrangements after four years of implementation.

scholarly journals Comparison of wheat and safflower cultivation areas in terms of total carbon and some soil properties under semi-arid climate conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1007-1024
Author(s):  
B. Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare the soils of the wheat cultivation area (WCA) and the safflower cultivation area (SCA) within semi-arid climate zones in terms of their total carbon, nitrogen, sulphur contents, particle size distribution, aggregate stability, organic matter content, and pH values. This study presents the results from the analyses of 140 soil samples taken at two soil layers (0–10 and 10–20 cm) in the cultivation areas. At the end of the study, it has been established that there were significant differences between the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties such as total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulphur (TS) contents and pH, while only the TN content resulted in significantly different between the two soil layers. Moreover significant differences were identified in the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties including clay and sand contents, aggregate stability and organic matter content, whereas the only significant difference found among the soil layers was that of their silt content. Since safflower contains higher amounts of biomass than wheat, we found higher amounts of organic matter content and, therefore, higher amounts of TN and TS content in the soils of the SCA. In addition, due to the fact that wheat contains more cellulose – which takes longer to decompose – the TC content of the soil in the WCA were found to be higher than that of the SCA. The results also revealed that the WCA had a higher carbon storage capacity.

scholarly journals Microbiological and faunal soil attributes of coffee cultivation under different management systems in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 894-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Lammel ◽  
L. C. B. Azevedo ◽  
A. M. Paula ◽  
R. D. Armas ◽  
D. Baretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Biological Parameters

Abstract Brazil is the biggest coffee producer in the world and different plantation management systems have been applied to improve sustainability and soil quality. Little is known about the environmental effects of these different management systems, therefore, the goal of this study was to use soil biological parameters as indicators of changes. Soils from plantations in Southeastern Brazil with conventional (CC), organic (OC) and integrated management systems containing intercropping of Brachiaria decumbens (IB) or Arachis pintoi (IA) were sampled. Total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), microbial activity (C-CO2), metabolic quotient (qCO2), the enzymes dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization and number of spores and soil fauna were evaluated. The greatest difference between the management systems was seen in soil organic matter content. The largest quantity of TOC was found in the OC, and the smallest was found in IA. TOC content influenced soil biological parameters. The use of all combined attributes was necessary to distinguish the four systems. Each management presented distinct faunal structure, and the data obtained with the trap method was more reliable than the TSBF (Tropical Soils) method. A canonic correlation analysis showed that Isopoda was correlated with TOC and the most abundant order with OC. Isoptera was the most abundant faunal order in IA and correlated with MBC. Overall, OC had higher values for most of the biological measurements and higher populations of Oligochaeta and Isopoda, corroborating with the concept that the OC is a more sustainable system.

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