scholarly journals Mycoplasma agalactiae and the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster in goat herds in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2261
Author(s):  
Luciana Florêncio Vilaça Lopes ◽  
Elizabete Cristina da Silva ◽  
Anidene Christina Alves de Moraes ◽  
Elizabete Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Kleber Régis Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mycoplasma Agalactiae ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Species Specific

The objective of this study was to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) and the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster (Mmcluster) in 373 goat milk samples of different breeds from herds located in Pernambuco and Paraíba states, as well as to evaluate somatic cell count (SCC) and milk composition from positive animals. For this, DNA extraction from milk samples was carried out, followed by generic and species-specific amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Milk constituents were determined by medium infrared spectrometry and SCC by flow cytometry. Analyses of variance and tests of comparison of means verified the effects of positivity on the evaluated characteristics. The frequencies for Ma and Mmcluster were 43.21 and 5.70%, respectively. In all genetic groups, Ma was detected in all positive samples, whereas Mmcluster was only observed in samples from Moxotó, Parda Sertaneja, and that without a defined racial pattern. Statistical difference was observed (p < 0.05) between mean values of protein, casein and SCC in positive and negative Ma samples. In terms of Mmcluster there was only a statistically significant difference in the SCC parameter. The detection of Mycoplasma in samples of goat milk suggests an introduction of infected animals into the evaluated herds, as well as possible contact with the etiological agents at fairs and exhibitions.

Viability of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri in goat milk samples stored under different conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 145 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Amores ◽  
Antonio Sánchez ◽  
Ángel Gómez Martín ◽  
Juan C. Corrales ◽  
Antonio Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Mycoplasma Agalactiae ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Human and Goat from the Desert Area in Central Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmat Mohammadi Khamsian ◽  
Bahador Hajimohammadi ◽  
Gilda Eslami ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Fallahzadeh ◽  
Saeede Sadat Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan, causes toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was molecular detection of T. gondii in breast and goat milk samples by the molecular method in the central Iran. Methods: Totally, 300 human' and 200 goats' milk samples were collected randomly from different regions of central Iran in 2018. DNA extraction was performed by the salting-out method. Molecular detection of the parasite was done by nested-PCR using the specific primer pairs. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 23 using descriptive and Chi-square tests. Results: Out of 300 human milk samples, 1 sample (0.3%) was infected with T. gondii. Out of 200 samples of goat milk, 11 samples (5.5%) showed infection with T. gondii. The frequency of infection in goat's milk samples was 4.36% in the south and west, 1.9% in northern regions, and 2% in eastern regions of the province. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between toxoplasmosis and different geographical regions in the province. Conclusion: Because of the popularity of the goat milk and the transfection probability with the milk to humans, it is recommended to boil milk prior to use. Furthermore, case contamination of T. gondii in the human milk sample showed one of the important paths for infection transmission, which requires further studies.

scholarly journals Incidence of psychrotrophic lipolytic bacteria in cow’s raw milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cempírková ◽  
M. Mikulová
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level

The contamination of bulk samples of cow’s raw milk (<I>n</I> = 491) by psychrotrophic lipolytic bacteria (PLiBC), total count of psychrotrophic bacteria (PBC) and mesophilic bacteria (TBC) was monitored for two years on eight dairy farms and the correlations among these groups of bacteria were analysed. An increase in TBC, PBC and PLiBC and in the values of free fatty acids (FFA) was tested experimentally in three milk samples in relation to time (analyses were done in 24-hour intervals until 96 hours) and storage temperature of milk samples (4; 6.5 and 10°C). Bacterial contamination of milk was determined by culture methods in accordance with IDF standards, the values of FFA were determined by an extraction-titration method. These mean values were determined in the set of samples (<I>n</I> = 491): PLiBC 659 CFU/ml, PBC 2 932 CFU/ml and TBC 18 932 CFU/ml. A high correlation was proved between values of PBC and PLiBC (<I>r</I> = 0.87; <I>P</I> < 0.001) while the correlation between TBC and PBC (<I>r</I> = 0.65; <I>P</I> < 0.001) and between PLiBC and TBC (<I>r</I> = 0.59; <I>P</I> < 0.001) was on a medium level. The proportional index <I>p<sub>I</sub></I> for PLiBC/PBC was 0.20, for PLiBC/TBC 0.03 and for PBC/TBC 0.16. In seasonal dynamics a statistically significant difference (<I>P</I> < 0.001; <I>P</I> < 0.05) between the increased values of TBC in the summer season was proved compared to the winter and spring season. The differences in the seasonal variation of PBC and PLiBC values were not significant. Experimental investigation of an increase in the values of tested parameters showed that at temperatures of milk sample storage 4 and 6.5°C TBC did not exceed the permissible hygienic value (100 000 CFU/ml) even after 96 hours while at 10°C it amounted to 90 000 CFU/ml after 48 hours and the limit for TBC was exceeded several times after 96 hours. PBC, which is not inhibited by cold storage to such a large extent, did not exceed the hygienic limit value for PBC (50 000 CFU/ml) even after 96 hours when milk samples were stored at 4°C, but at 6.5°C after 72 hours and at 10°C already after 48 hours the values 6 and 20 times higher, respectively, than the hygienic limit were recorded. A similar trend was observed in PLiBC, which exceeded the hazardous limit (43 000 CFU/ml) at 6.5°C after 96 hours and at 10°C already after 48 hours whereas at 4°C the limit value was not exceeded even after 96 hours. The content of FFA also increased in relation to the storage time and temperature of milk samples but in comparison with the increase in the tested groups of microorganisms the increase in FFA showed a higher correlation with storage time compared to storage temperature. A medium correlation was calculated between PLiBC and/or PBC and FFA content (<I>r</I> = 0.52; <I>r</I> = 0.57; <I>P</I> < 0.001).

Effects of different storage conditions, the farm and the stage of lactation on renneting parameters of goat milk investigated using the Formagraph method

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Pazzola ◽  
Filippo Balia ◽  
Maria Luisa Dettori ◽  
Maria Consuelo Mura ◽  
Vincenzo Carcangiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Milk Coagulation

This study evaluated the effect of storage on renneting properties of goat milk investigated using the Formagraph method. Milk samples from 169 goats in three farms (F1, F2 and F3) were analysed during an entire lactation (45, 75, 105, 135 and 165 days in milking DIM), to obtain renneting parameters, both from fresh milk and after storage with Bronopol and freezing at −20°C and −80°C. As regards fresh milk, mean values of clotting time were between 12·51 (45 DIM) and 13·29 min (105 DIM and F2), the curd firming time between 1·77 (45 DIM) and 2·15 min (F1) and curd firmness between 42·09 (165 DIM) and 49·55 mm (45 DIM). No statistical difference was recorded after storage. After regression analysis, all prediction models showed significance value at P<0·001 with the highest R2 value for clotting time, 0·710 (fresh vs. frozen milk at −20°C), and the lowest for clot firmness, 0·281 (fresh vs. frozen milk at −80°C). Results demonstrated that assessment of goat milk coagulation properties using the Formagraph method is also achievable after freezing or Bronopol addition.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides cluster in flocks of northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Batista dos Santos ◽  
Renata Pimentel Bandeira de Melo ◽  
Luana Thamires Rapôso da Silva ◽  
Júnior Mário Baltazar de Oliveira ◽  
Atzel Candido Acosta Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Mycoplasma Agalactiae ◽  
Contagious Agalactia ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Meat Goat

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to investigate contagious agalactia (CA) in flocks from Pernambuco State. The study involved 225 goats and 63 ewes; 288 milk samples and 100 vaginal swabs were collected in total. The PCR assays were carried out using specific primers to Mycoplasma agalactiae and the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. Among the goat’s milk samples,12.0% (27/225) were positive for Mycoplasma agalactiae DNA, while 5.3% (12/225) contained the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. Of the vaginal swabs taken from goats, 15.4% (12/78) were positive for Mycoplasma agalactiae DNA and 3.8% (3/78) contained the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. In the case of ewes, 4.3% (1/23) of the milk samples contained Mycoplasma agalactiae DNA, and 7.5% (3/40) were positive for the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. Vaginal swabs taken from sheep´s were negative. Analysis of risk factors for mycoplasmosis, showed that goats and sheep flocks on the extensive breeding system are more likely to have mycoplasmosis than those on the intensive breeding system (odds ratio (OR) 6.2; p=0.004); meat goat and sheep flocks are more likely to have infection compared to dairy flocks (OR 4.8; p=0.011); unclean animal housing increases the chances of infection (OR 5.0; p=0.031) and not performing quarantine increases the chances of mycoplasmosis (OR 4.6; p=0.042). Based on these findings we conclude that CA syndrome in the semiarid region of Pernambuco state can be associated with Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides cluster.

scholarly journals German Shepherd Dog Milk Composition and Its Changes During Lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
A. Dokoupilová ◽  
I. Svobodová ◽  
H. Chaloupková ◽  
L. Kouřimská ◽  
B. Dvořáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Service Dogs ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Infra Red

Abstract Milk composition of nine lactating German Shepherd nursing females was studied. The experiment took place at the breeding facility of Police of the Czech Republic (breeding centre for service dogs in Domažlice) in days 2−30 of the females’ lactation. Females were given a commercial granulated feeding mixture (starter category). Canine milk samples were analyzed using an infra-red instrument MilkoScan FT 120. Calculated mean values for colostrum (day 2 postpartum) and normal milk (days 4−29 postpartum) were: 23.86 and 24.63% for total solids, 8.14 and 7.22% for protein, 6.04 and 5.76% for casein, 10.22 and 11.32% for fat, 3.40 and 4.48% for lactose. German Shepherd milk showed almost no variation in composition after day 4 of lactation. Differences observed between colostrum and normal milk composition were statistically insignificant but not for lactose. No significant differences in density and other composition parameters between colostrum and normal milk were identified.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Milk Production and Milk Composition at Different Stages of Saanen Dairy Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Noor Syaheera Ibrahim ◽  
Farida Hani Ahmad Tajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Milk is an important elements due to its high nutritious and balanced in human diet. In Asian, goat milk is the most consumed because of the unique taste, more nutritious than cow milk. However, milk production and composition values differ at every stage of lactation in goats. Thus, determining the highest milk production and producing the best quality goat milk is essential to satisfy the local market demands. The objective of the present study is to determine the milk yield and milk composition at different lactation stages and to evaluate the lactation curves in Saanen goats. The lactation stages can be categorized into three, early (less than 80 days), mid (80 – 140 days) and late (over 140 days) days in milk (DIM). In total, 90 milk samples were collected from 15 goats representing early (n=5), mid (n=5), and late (n=5) stages of lactation. The Saanen goats were raised under the same conditions, and milking was done early in the morning (9.00am).The milk yield from Saanen goats were collected and measured weekly at each stage of lactation. Milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein, solid non-fat, and lactose. Current result illustrated, there were significant different (p ˂ 0.05) among three stages of lactation in milk yield, solid non-fat, fat, protein and lactose. In terms of food regulation, the Saanen goats almost fully met the standard requirements for milk production and composition. In addition, this study also observes the lactation curves in Saanen goats and analyse the curve shapes and patterns. The average milk yields from three different stages develops a concave downward curve. The results indicated that mid yield increased from early to mid- lactation and decreased thereafter until the end of lactation.

Milk Composition in the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus (Pteropodidae : Chiroptera)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Messer ◽  
Kerryn Parry-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pteropus Poliocephalus ◽  
Flying Fox

Milk samples from 11 captive flying-foxes were collected at various times during lactation from 5 to 139 days post partum and analysed for protein, carbohydrate, total solids and ash. In addition, samples from 14 free-living animals, collected on a single occasion, were analysed. No significant changes in milk composition were observed during lactation in the captive bats except for a small increase in protein and a small decrease in carbohydrate concentration late in lactation. The milk from captive bats contained less protein and total solids than that from free-living animals (mean values: protein, 2·59 and 3·64%, repectively; total solids, 11·1 and 12·7%, repectively) but there was no significant difference with repect to the carbohydrate (6·13 and 6·44%, respectively). The fat content, estimated from the total solids by difference, was low (1·9 and 2·2%, respectively) in both captive and free-living animals. The results are compared with previously published values for milk composition in Chiroptera and are discussed in the context of nursing behaviour and diet in captive and free-living flying-foxes.

Impact of Subclinical Mastitis on Milk Quality in Different Seasons

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Mean

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of subclinical mastitis on chemical constituents of cow’s milk samples in different seasons; which collected from 444 apparently healthy Holstein Frisian dairy animals during the period of December 2016 to November 2017 in a private dairy farm located in Fayoum district, Egypt. The results of chemical analysis of the milk samples along the four seasons of the year which done by the Lactoscan SLC milk analyzer device revealed that; the values of mean for (Fat%, Protein%, SNF%, Lactose%, Salt% and SCC/ml) in winter were (2.22±0.06, 2.90±0.08, 7.79±0.22, 4.14±0.12, 0.72±0.02 and 6.9×105±1.9×104 respectively).While the mean values of the same parameters in spring were (2.72±0.23, 2.58± 0.22, 6.93±0.58, 3.67±0.31, 0.64±0.05 and 9.2×105±7.7×104 respectively). In the summer, the mean values of (Fat%, Protein%, SNF%, Lactose%, Salt% and SCC/ml) were (2.35± 0.24, 2.80 ±0.28, 7.55±0.76, 4.00±0.40, 0.70±0.07 and 7.7×105±7.7×104 respectively), while the mean values in the autumn were (2.89±0.09, 2.69±0.08, 7.25±0.21, 3.84±0.11, 0.67±0.02 and 11.0×105±3.2×104 respectively). The analysis of findings specified that; there is a significant difference (P<0.05) in fat % and SCC between winter and autumn, however there is a significant difference (P<0.05) between (winter and autumn) and (winter and spring) in the parameters of protein, SNF and lactose content. The results reveal that there is a strong negative correlation between SCC and fat %; however there is a strong positive correlation between SCC and salt %.

scholarly journals Estimation of biomass and carbon storage of tree plantations in northern Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ostadhashemi ◽  
T. Rostami Shahraji ◽  
H. Roehle ◽  
S. Mohammadi Limaei
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Species Specific

To estimate the aboveground biomass and carbon storage in multi-species plantations we used species-specific equations method and three other generic methods. Astara county is located in northern Iran. It has a total area of 1,757 ha. Based on species-specific allometric equations, total aboveground biomass was calculated andvaried between 81.13 and 98.21 t·ha<sup>–1 </sup>for Acer velutinum, 68.36 and 83.44 t·ha<sup>–1</sup> for Quercus castanifolia, 71.88 and 119.22 t·ha<sup>–1</sup> for Tilia begonifolia, 56.07 and 61.98 t·ha<sup>–1</sup> for Fraxinus excelsior and from 37.92 to 51.34 t·ha<sup>–1</sup> for Prunus avium. There was a significant difference between the mean values of total aboveground biomass estimation obtained by species-specific equations and the three generic methods for Alnus subcordata, Pinus taeda and Pinus nigra. Results indicated that using generalized methods produced more reliable and accurate estimations for native species than for exotic species for rapid biomass and carbon estimation in order to decide on plantation development in the area.  

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