Improving Endangered Language Archives: A Comparison Study of Models in Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-219
Author(s):  
Victoria Jesswein ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Resource Discovery ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
The World

Endangered language archives hold important resources of information for students, researchers, and the speech community. However, because their use is often limited to small documentary projects, often these repositories fail to reach all potential researchers, to connect their material to other repositories in the community and throughout the world, and to be involved in a larger body of research on endangered languages and cultures. This research explores ways of expanding the accessibility, usability, and relevance of (endangered) language archives, with the aim of allowing a larger body of researchers to access materials while supporting the endangered speech community from which the material originates. Different models of linguistic archive practice are compared, each serving as an example of an area for potential archive growth and outreach: (1) the use of the language archive by a larger body of linguistic and non-linguistic researchers, (2) engagement with the speech community for heritage preservation and community-based archives, and (3) outreach to inform the general public. The models are analysed with regard to their rationale and procedures supported by relevant literature concerning best practice in the structure and use of archives. Following the analysis of compared models, recommendations are made to implement best practice for endangered language collections, envisioning the broadest and most accessible presentation of material for resource discovery, use, and preservation.

A Comparison Study of International Development-Caused Forced Displacement and Resettlement by the World Bank and Gentrification in Washington, DC

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Katalina Khoury
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
City Council ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Abstract This article discusses the similarities, and distinctions, between two types of development-caused forced displacement and resettlement (DFDR): (1) international DFDR processes by the World Bank, and (2) gentrification in US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) or cities. First, this article provides a review and commentary on the literature on international DFDR by the World Bank. Second, this article does the same with DFDR by gentrification in Washington, DC based on the work of the DC Grassroots Planning Coalition—a Washington, DC coalition working to voice a community-based perspective to the DC City Council on gentrification issues, including affordable housing. Finally, a discussion is provided comparing the two types of DFDR.

scholarly journals Dictionaries of Critically Endangered Languages: Focus on Users

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolajevna Ivanishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
The North ◽  
Culture Bearers ◽  
The World ◽  
Knowledge Of Language ◽  
Indigenous Minority ◽  
The One

Abstract The article describes specific features of dictionaries of endangered languages from the perspective of their user. Dictionaries of the Saami language – the language of the indigenous minority of the North – are used to describe the anthropocentric, cognitive and pragmatic approach to lexicographical description of culture. The article shows that the focus on the dictionary user becomes especially critical for the endangered languages. It proves that the purpose of such dictionaries is not only to preserve the knowledge that the speakers of the endangered language and bearers of the culture still keep, but also to revitalize this knowledge. The article states that contemporary lexicography must consider several factors for making an endangered language dictionary: the present state of the language in the language community and the scope of background knowledge of a language speaker that represents everyday level of the world cognition by indigenous minority. The article shows that the most relevant type of dictionary for the endangered languages is both a learner’s dictionary and a linguoculturological dictionary (active type). We emphasize that on the one hand the Saami dictionaries describe a culture that is often unknown even to most Saami culture bearers and on the other hand, the dictionaries are also intended for Saami who have no command of the native language. The peculiarities of the relevant dictionary comprise the fact that alongside the translation in the basic part of the dictionary there is a culturological commentary that as fully as possible reflects the knowledge of language speakers.

scholarly journals Introducing New Guidelines on Geoheritage Conservation in Protected and Conserved Areas

Geoheritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Crofts ◽  
Dan Tormey ◽  
John E. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Communication To The Public ◽  
The Public ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
The World ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ethical Basis ◽  
Improve Practice

AbstractThis paper introduces newly published guidelines on geoheritage conservation in protected and conserved areas within the “IUCN WCPA Best Practice Guidelines” series. It explains the need for the guidelines and outlines the ethical basis of geoheritage values and geoconservation principles as the fundamental framework within which to advance geoheritage conservation. Best practice in establishing and managing protected and conserved areas for geoconservation is described with examples from around the world. Particular emphasis is given to the methodology and practice for dealing with the many threats to geoheritage, highlighting in particular how to improve practice for areas with caves and karst, glacial and periglacial, and volcanic features and processes, and for palaeontology and mineral sites. Guidance to improve education and communication to the public through modern and conventional means is also highlighted as a key stage in delivering effective geoconservation. A request is made to geoconservation experts to continue to share best practice examples of developing methodologies and best practice in management to guide non-experts in their work. Finally, a number of suggestions are made on how geoconservation can be further promoted.

scholarly journals Psychological impact in the time of COVID-19: A cross-sectional population survey study during confinement

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532098558
Author(s):  
Carmina Castellano-Tejedor ◽  
María Torres-Serrano ◽  
Andrés Cencerrado
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The transformation that COVID-19 has brought upon the world is unparalleled. The impact on mental health is equally unprecedented and yet unexplored in depth. An online-based survey was administered to 413 community-based adults during COVID-19 confinement to explore psychological impact and identify high risk profiles. Young females concerned about the future, expressing high COVID-related distress, already following psychological therapy and suffering from pre-existing chronic conditions, were those at highest risk of psychological impact due to the COVID-19 situation. Findings could be employed to design tailored psychological interventions in the early stages of the outbreak to avoid the onset/exacerbation of psychopathology.

scholarly journals Grammar writing for a grammar-reading audience

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
User Friendly

Thousands of languages are currently in danger of extinction without having been adequately documented by linguists. This fact represents a tragedy for communities in which endangered languages are spoken, for linguistics as a discipline and for all of humanity. One major role of the field of linguistics is to describe languages accurately and thoroughly for the benefit of all concerned. This paper presents the results of an informal survey of major users of grammatical descriptions and gives lists of dos and don’ts for those contemplating a descriptive study of one of the many endangered languages of the world. Concrete suggestions are provided that will help grammar writers produce user-friendly, thorough and useful grammatical descriptions.

scholarly journals Chronic polytherapy after myocardial infarction: the trade-off between hospital and community-based providers in determining adherence to medication

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Di Martino ◽  
Michela Alagna ◽  
Adele Lallo ◽  
Kendall Jamieson Gilmore ◽  
Paolo Francesconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Medication Possession Ratio ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Adherence To Medication

Abstract Background The benefits of chronic polytherapy in reducing readmissions and death after myocardial infarction (MI) have been clearly shown. However, real-world evidence shows poor medication adherence and large geographic variation, suggesting critical issues in access to optimal care. Our objectives were to measure adherence to polytherapy, to compare the amount of variation attributable to hospitals of discharge and to community-based providers, and to identify determinants of adherence to medications. Methods This is a population-based study. Data were obtained from the information systems of the Lazio and Tuscany Regions, Italy (9.5 million inhabitants). Patients hospitalized with incident MI in 2010–2014 were analyzed. The outcome measure was medication adherence, defined as a Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) ≥ 0.75 for at least 3 of the following drugs: antiplatelets, β-blockers, ACEI/ARBs, statins. A 2-year cohort-study was performed. Cross-classified multilevel models were applied to analyze geographic variation. The variance components attributable to hospitals of discharge and community-based providers were expressed as Median Odds Ratio (MOR). Results A total of 32,962 patients were enrolled. About 63% of patients in the Lazio cohort and 59% of the Tuscan cohort were adherent to chronic polytherapy. Women and patients aged 85 years and over were most at risk of non-adherence. In both regions, adherence was higher for patients discharged from cardiology wards (Lazio: OR = 1.58, p < 0.001, Tuscany: OR = 1.59, p < 0.001) and for patients with a percutaneous coronary intervention during the index admission. Relevant variation between community-based providers was observed, though when the hospital of discharge was included as a cross-classified level, in both Lazio and Tuscany regions the variation attributable to hospitals of discharge was the only significant component (Lazio: MOR = 1.30, p = 0.001; Tuscany: MOR = 1.31, p = 0.001). Conclusion Adherence to best practice treatments after MI is not consistent with clinical guidelines, and varies between patient groups as well as within and between regions. The variation attributable to providers is affected by the hospital of discharge, up to two years from the acute episode. This variation is likely to be attributable to hospital discharge processes, and could be reduced through appropriate policy levers.

scholarly journals Colonial Architecture in Panama City. Analysis of the Heritage Value of Its Monastic Buildings

Designs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Antonio Cubero Hernández ◽  
Silvia Arroyo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Panama City ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Historical Heritage

The Historic District of Panama City was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1997 for representing an exceptional example of 17th century colonial urban planning in the Americas. This article focuses on the specific analysis of the deteriorated monastic typology, highlighting its historical role as an articulating piece of the original urban layout designed in 1673 after the transfer from Panamá Viejo to the current location and which continues today. Our methodology consisted of reviewing the different stages of each of these buildings, extracting common events, and identifying the examples of the greatest value loss, with the aim of enhancing and highlighting their historical footprint. This study includes approaches from urbanism, architectural history, and heritage preservation that allows us to discuss possible tools, either for protection or adaptative reuse, to avoid the deterioration of such important historical heritage.

Grammar of Skolt Saami

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Feist
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Descriptive Grammar ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Northeast Finland

Skolt Saami is a Finno-Ugric language spoken primarily in northeast Finland by less than 300 people. The aim of this descriptive grammar is to provide an overview of all the major grammatical aspects of the language. It comprises descriptions of Skolt Saami phonology, morphophonology, morphology, morphosyntax and syntax. A compilation of interlinearised texts is provided in Chapter 11. Skolt Saami is a phonologically complex language, displaying contrastive vowel length, consonant gradation, suprasegmental palatalisation and vowel height alternations. It is also well known for being one of the few languages to display three distinctive degrees of quantity; indeed, this very topic has already been the subject of an acoustic analysis (McRobbie-Utasi 1999). Skolt Saami is also a morphologically complex language. Nominals in Skolt Saami belong to twelve different inflectional classes. They inflect for number and nine grammatical cases and may also mark possession, giving rise to over seventy distinct forms. Verbs belong to four different inflectional classes and inflect for person, number, tense and mood. Inflection is marked by suffixes, many of which are fused morphemes. Other typologically interesting features of the language, which are covered in this grammar, include (i) the existence of distinct predicative and attributive forms of adjectives, (ii) the case-marking of subject and object nominals which have cardinal numerals as determiners, and (iii) the marking of negation with a negative auxiliary verb. Skolt Saami is a seriously endangered language and it is thus hoped that this grammar will serve both as a tool to linguistic researchers and as an impetus to the speech community in any future revitalisation efforts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document