scholarly journals A Review: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS) Therapy Is the Best Method to Cure Non-Communicable Diseases?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Yola Eka Erwinda
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The potency of stem cells in treatment or therapy is widely known due the properties of stem cells to differentiate into specialized cell type in the body. Application stem cells in medicine and therapy is mostly used for alternative treatment of diseases that could not be cured using chemical or other biological drugs, such as non-communicable diseases. In general, stem cells are classified in three types, namely Adult Stem Cells (ASC), Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC), and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Each type of the cells has advantages and drawbacks for application in medicine and therapy. This review investigates whether iPS is the best approach for non-communicable disease treatment among other stem cell types.

scholarly journals Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells—Bringing Humanity One Step Closer to Curing Cancer

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Ishita Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Cancer develops when healthy cells experience a mutation, allowing for rapid and abnormal growth. Mutagens, such as radiation and carcinogens, allow fast-growth variant cells to be positively selected and thus propagate the development of cancer. Radiation and chemotherapy are prevailing, but non-ideal forms of cancer treatment as they can harm healthy cells in the body. Stem cells can be used to replace the healthy cells that were lost, but there are ethical concerns regarding the acquisition of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), or technicalities in obtainment and usage of adult stem cells (ASCs). Thus, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allows for the use of ASCs that are given the pluripotent characteristics of ESCs. In 2018, Kooreman and his colleagues from Stanford University coaxed iPSCs to display the epitopes of breast cancer. After exposing mice with breast cancer to iPSCs, 70% of the mice had a decreased tumour size compared to control mice. Thus, iPSCs may work as a vaccine for cancer and potentially treat and cure the disease. Further research is required to study the feasibility of the use of iPSCs for human breast cancer. 

scholarly journals Effects on Wound Healing of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells Similar to Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hun Kim ◽  
Jeoung Hyun Nam ◽  
Man Ryul Lee ◽  
Yongsung Hwang ◽  
Eun Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Endothelial Colony Forming Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Background: Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) complement the disadvantages of conventional embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, and have the advantages of simplicity of production and pluripotency. Some recent studies have applied hiPSC in cell therapy.Methods: In this study, we examined the effect of cells similar to cord blood endothelial colony-forming cells (CB-ECFCs), differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, on angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation in the proliferative phase of wound healing. For cell transfer, we used methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)-co-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) cryogel, which has better bioactivity than conventional hydrogels and excellent mechanical properties and swelling capacity. Two full-thickness skin defects, 0.8 cm in diameter, were made in each of our 12 experimental mice. Wound splinting models were used to prevent contraction of the wounds. In each of the experimental animals, 5×10<sup>5</sup> cells were applied with GelMA-co-PSS cryogel in one of the two wounds, while only a culture medium with cryogel was applied to the other wound.Results: Wound reduction rates in the experimental side showed increases compared to the control side in 3 days, but there was no statistical significance. The histological score was significantly increased (P<0.05), and histologic examination showed that angiogenesis and granulation formation were also increased in the experiment side.Conclusion: In conclusion, CB-ECFCs-like cells differentiated from hiPSCs were effective in promoting formation of angiogenesis and granulation tissue in a mouse wound healing model.

scholarly journals Current status and future perspectives of HLA-edited induced pluripotent stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Koga ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Shin Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Abstract In 2007, Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated by transducing four genes (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc). Because iPSCs can differentiate into any types of cells in the body and have fewer ethical issues compared to embryonic stem (ES) cells, application of iPSCs for regenerative medicine has been actively examined. In fact, iPSCs have already been used for clinical applications, but at present, only autologous iPSC-derived grafts or HLA homozygous iPSC-derived grafts are being transplanted into patients following HLA matching. HLA is an important molecule that enables the immune system differentiates between self and non-self-components; thus, HLA mismatch is a major hurdle in the transplantation of iPSCs. To deliver inexpensive off-the-shelf iPSC-derived regenerative medicine products to more patients, it is necessary to generate universal iPSCs that can be transplanted regardless of the HLA haplotypes. The current strategy to generate universal iPSCs has two broad aims: deleting HLA expression and avoiding attacks from NK cells, which are caused by HLA deletion. Deletion of B2M and CIITA genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been reported to suppress the expression of HLA class I and class II, respectively. Transduction of NK inhibitory ligands, such as HLA-E and CD47, has been used to avoid NK cell attacks. Most recently, the HLA-C retaining method has been used to generate semi-universal iPSCs. Twelve haplotypes of HLA-C retaining iPSCs can cover 95% of the global population. In future, studying which types of universal iPSCs are most effective for engraftment in various physiological conditions is necessary.

A New Feeder-Free Technique to Expand Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Denham ◽  
Jessie Leung ◽  
Cheryl Tay ◽  
Raymond C.B. Wong ◽  
Peter Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Strategy to Establish Embryo-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5011
Author(s):  
Daehwan Kim ◽  
Sangho Roh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Stem cell research is essential not only for the research and treatment of human diseases, but also for the genetic preservation and improvement of animals. Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were established in mice, substantial efforts have been made to establish true ESCs in many species. Although various culture conditions were used to establish ESCs in cattle, the capturing of true bovine ESCs (bESCs) has not been achieved. In this review, the difficulty of establishing bESCs with various culture conditions is described, and the characteristics of proprietary induced pluripotent stem cells and extended pluripotent stem cells are introduced. We conclude with a suggestion of a strategy for establishing true bESCs.

scholarly journals Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Vascular Research: from Two- to Three-Dimensional Organoids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Trillhaase ◽  
Marlon Maertens ◽  
Zouhair Aherrahrou ◽  
Jeanette Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractStem cell technology has been around for almost 30 years and in that time has grown into an enormous field. The stem cell technique progressed from the first successful isolation of mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the 1990s, to the production of human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the early 2000s, to finally culminate in the differentiation of pluripotent cells into highly specialized cell types, such as neurons, endothelial cells (ECs), cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and lung and intestinal cells, in the last decades. In recent times, we have attained a new height in stem cell research whereby we can produce 3D organoids derived from stem cells that more accurately mimic the in vivo environment. This review summarizes the development of stem cell research in the context of vascular research ranging from differentiation techniques of ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the generation of vascularized 3D organoids. Furthermore, the different techniques are critically reviewed, and future applications of current 3D models are reported. Graphical abstract

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