scholarly journals Climate vulnerability assessment in semi-arid and arid region of Rajasthan, India: An enquiry into the disadvantaged districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
NAVEEN P. SINGH ◽  
SURENDRA SINGH ◽  
BHAWNA ANAND ◽  
S. K. BAL
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Production Losses

This paper assesses the district level climate vulnerability in the state of Rajasthan using largescale data on climate and socio-economic variables.More than thirty indicators segregated into four components of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity and crop production loss were combined to develop a composite index of vulnerability and homogenous districts were clustered into three categories, viz.low, medium and high.Wide inter-district variations were observed across the calculated indices. The result reveals that highest production losses occurred in Ganganagar district followed by Hanumangarh and Bharatpur. Pali was least exposed to the climatic variability, whereas Bundi had the maximum exposure.Jaisalmer rated the maximum sensitivity level. Further, Pratapgarh followed by Jaisalmer and Banswara had the lowest degree of adaptive capacity. On the whole, districts like Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer, Ganganagar, Bundi, Bharatpur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Chittorgarh, Alwar, Baran and Pratapgarh exhibit high level of vulnerability to climatic change. While on the other spectrum Sirohi district was least vulnerable due to lower exposure, sensitivity, crop production loss and high adaptive capacity. The analysis, suggests the need for prioritizing vulnerable areas to arrest regional imbalances by encouraging need/location based interventions for moderating the degree of vulnerability, whilst making agro-ecosystem in Rajasthan resilient to climatic aberrations. 

scholarly journals Climate Resilient Water Management Practices for in situ Moisture Conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumari ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Pandey ◽  
Nityanand .
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System

Climate change has an impact on Indian agriculture in various direct and indirect ways besides affecting the lives and livelihood of millions of Indians. Efficient management of natural resources is key for enhancing the adaptive capacity of the system and contributes towards the resilience of communities. Successful crop production in frequent drought and flood-affected regions depends on how effectively we conserve the deficit rainfall and manage the excess rainfall and soils to retain the moisture for longer periods for successful arable crop production. The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluation of the performance of different in situ Water conservation measures with respect to the climatic variability prevailed in the village. Demonstrations of appropriate practices and technologies recommended by the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) are being taken up in a farmer participatory mode so that the communities become familiar with these technologies and help in their adoption resulting in enhancing their adaptive capacity and coping ability against climatic change and variability. It was observed that the use of forest leaves and paddy straw was found very profitable to conserve soil moisture in situ with BCR Rs. 7.16 followed by the use of naturally occurred leaves in fruit plants with BCR Rs. 6.22 and use of plastics in vegetables with BCR 4.41. Respondents opined that the use of natural mulch was very cost-effective as well as it is compatible with the existing farming system and very simple in its application. Wheat with cultivation through ZTD showed a maximum yield of 46q/ha. Zero tillage technology showed very promising results in pulse and oilseed cultivation.

scholarly journals Managing hydroclimatic risks in federal rivers: a diagnostic assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (2002) ◽  
pp. 20120415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Garrick ◽  
Lucia De Stefano ◽  
Fai Fung ◽  
Jamie Pittock ◽  
Edella Schlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Allocation Rules ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Governance Arrangements

Hydroclimatic risks and adaptive capacity are not distributed evenly in large river basins of federal countries, where authority is divided across national and territorial governments. Transboundary river basins are a major test of federal systems of governance because key management roles exist at all levels. This paper examines the evolution and design of interstate water allocation institutions in semi-arid federal rivers prone to drought extremes, climatic variability and intensified competition for scarce water. We conceptualize, categorize and compare federal rivers as social–ecological systems to analyse the relationship between governance arrangements and hydroclimatic risks. A diagnostic approach is used to map over 300 federal rivers and classify the hydroclimatic risks of three semi-arid federal rivers with a long history of interstate allocation tensions: the Colorado River (USA/Mexico), Ebro River (Spain) and Murray–Darling River (Australia). Case studies review the evolution and design of water allocation institutions. Three institutional design trends have emerged: adoption of proportional interstate allocation rules; emergence of multi-layered river basin governance arrangements for planning, conflict resolution and joint monitoring; and new flexibility to adjust historic allocation patterns. Proportional allocation rules apportion water between states based on a share of available water, not a fixed volume or priority. Interstate allocation reform efforts in the Colorado and Murray–Darling rivers indicate that proportional allocation rules are prevalent for upstream states, while downstream states seek reliable deliveries of fixed volumes to increase water security. River basin governance arrangements establish new venues for multilayered planning, monitoring and conflict resolution to balance self governance by users and states with basin-wide coordination. Flexibility to adjust historic allocation agreements, without risk of defection or costly court action, also provides adaptive capacity to manage climatic variability and shifting values. Future research should develop evidence about pathways to adaptive capacity in different classes of federal rivers, while acknowledging limits to transferability and the need for context-sensitive design.

scholarly journals Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation Challenges in Szekszárd Wine Region, Hungary

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Attila Buzási
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
Lock In

Wine producers face several challenges regarding climate change, which will affect this industry both in the present and the future. Vulnerability assessments are at the forefront of current climate research, therefore, the present paper has two main aims. First, to assess two components of climate vulnerability regarding the Szekszárd wine region, Hungary; second, to collect and analyze adaptation farming techniques in terms of environmental sustainability aspects. Exposure analyses revealed that the study area will face several challenges regarding intensive drought periods in the future. Sensitivity indicators show the climate-related characteristics of the most popular grapevines and their relatively high level of susceptibility regarding changing climatic patterns. Since both external and intrinsic factors of vulnerability show deteriorating trends, the development of adaptation actions is needed. Adaptation interventions often provide unsustainable solutions or entail maladaptation issues, therefore, an environmental-focused sustainability assessment of collected interventions was performed to avoid long-term negative path dependencies. The applied evaluation methodology pointed out that nature-based adaptation actions are preferred in comparison to using additional machines or resource-intensive solutions. This study can fill the scientific gap by analyzing this wine region for the first time, via performing an ex-ante lock-in analysis of available and widely used adaptation interventions in the viticulture sector.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the physiological significance of leaf wetting by dew as a supplemental water resource in semi-arid crop production

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 106964
Author(s):  
Gaku Yokoyama ◽  
Daisuke Yasutake ◽  
Keisuke Minami ◽  
Kensuke Kimura ◽  
Atsushi Marui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Treatment of organic resources before soil incorporation in semi-arid regions improves resilience to El Niño, and increases crop production and economic returns

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 085004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Smith ◽  
Dali Nayak ◽  
Fabrizio Albanito ◽  
Bedru Balana ◽  
Helaina Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Organic Resources ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE: FARMER PERCEPTIONS AND UNDERSTANDING OF INTRA-SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN RAINFALL AND ASSOCIATED RISK IN SEMI-ARID KENYA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. C. RAO ◽  
W. G. NDEGWA ◽  
K. KIZITO ◽  
A. OYOO
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Probabilistic Nature ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYThis study examines farmers’ perceptions of short- and long-term variability in climate, their ability to discern trends in climate and how the perceived trends converge with actual weather observations in five districts of Eastern Province in Kenya where the climate is semi-arid with high intra- and inter-annual variability in rainfall. Field surveys to elicit farmers’ perceptions about climate variability and change were conducted in Machakos, Makueni, Kitui, Mwingi and Mutomo districts. Long-term rainfall records from five meteorological stations within a 10 km radius from the survey locations were obtained from the Kenya Meteorological Department and were analysed to compare with farmers’ observations. Farmers’ responses indicate that they are well aware of the general climate in their location, its variability, the probabilistic nature of the variability and the impacts of this variability on crop production. However, their ability to synthesize the knowledge they have gained from their observations and discern long-term trends in the probabilistic distribution of seasonal conditions is more subjective, mainly due to the compounding interactions between climate and other factors such as soil fertility, soil water and land use change that determine the climate's overall influence on crop productivity. There is a general tendency among the farmers to give greater weight to negative impacts leading to higher risk perception. In relation to long-term changes in the climate, farmer observations in our study that rainfall patterns are changing corroborated well with reported perceptions from other places across the African continent but were not supported by the observed trends in rainfall data from the five study locations. The main implication of our findings is the need to be aware of and account for the risk during the development and promotion of technologies involving significant investments by smallholder farmers and exercise caution in interpreting farmers’ perceptions about long-term climate variability and change.

scholarly journals PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR ETERNAL TERHADAP KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sitti Safiatus Riskijah
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Highway Construction ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
High Level

Highway construction project requires very large investment costs. Oftentimes, the highway construction encountered many obstacles, including external factors such as land acquisition which have an impact on a construction time regression, decreasing income, alteration of interest rates, and escalation of operational and maintenance costs. This study aims to determine the how much external factors influence on the financial feasibility of the highway construction.Financial analysis uses investment costs data, operational and maintenance costs, investment period, interest rate, the amount of private capital and loans, as well as the highway’s income. Determining financial eligibility criteria are based on following parameters; PP (Payback Period), NPV (Net Present value), BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio), and IRR (Internal Rate of Return). The sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity level of external factor to financial feasibility, and impact analysis using linear regression analysis.The result of this study are as follows: 1) Judging from the financial aspects, highway construction projects are feasible due to PP < 18 years, NPV > 0 year, BCR > 1, IRR > MARR. 2) The external factor which have high level sensitivity and have positive influence (feasible) to the financial feasibility is the escalation of toll rate, while the factor with high level sensitivity yet have negative influence (infeasible) are the construction time regression, the decreasing income of land acquisition, as well as either the fallen or rising interest rate. Keywords: eexternal factors, financial feasibility, higway, influence, sensitivity level

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