scholarly journals Climate Resilient Water Management Practices for in situ Moisture Conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumari ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Pandey ◽  
Nityanand .
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System

Climate change has an impact on Indian agriculture in various direct and indirect ways besides affecting the lives and livelihood of millions of Indians. Efficient management of natural resources is key for enhancing the adaptive capacity of the system and contributes towards the resilience of communities. Successful crop production in frequent drought and flood-affected regions depends on how effectively we conserve the deficit rainfall and manage the excess rainfall and soils to retain the moisture for longer periods for successful arable crop production. The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluation of the performance of different in situ Water conservation measures with respect to the climatic variability prevailed in the village. Demonstrations of appropriate practices and technologies recommended by the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) are being taken up in a farmer participatory mode so that the communities become familiar with these technologies and help in their adoption resulting in enhancing their adaptive capacity and coping ability against climatic change and variability. It was observed that the use of forest leaves and paddy straw was found very profitable to conserve soil moisture in situ with BCR Rs. 7.16 followed by the use of naturally occurred leaves in fruit plants with BCR Rs. 6.22 and use of plastics in vegetables with BCR 4.41. Respondents opined that the use of natural mulch was very cost-effective as well as it is compatible with the existing farming system and very simple in its application. Wheat with cultivation through ZTD showed a maximum yield of 46q/ha. Zero tillage technology showed very promising results in pulse and oilseed cultivation.

scholarly journals Performance of Garlic (Allium sativum) Varieties under Zero Tillage Mulch Condition in Southern Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Rina Rani Saha ◽  
Md. Abul Khayer Mian ◽  
Subarna Kundu ◽  
Khokan Kumer Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Local Cultivar

The experiment was carried out under ACIAR-KGF project at farmers’ field of Tildanga village at Dacope Upazilla under Khulna District during rabi season of 2018–19 after harvest of previous transplanted aman rice to find out the suitable variety of garlic (Allium sativum) for cultivation in southern coastal region of Bangladesh and to observe the effect of straw mulching on the yield of garlic. The experimental area faces slight to moderately drought and saline prone at later part of winter season and beginning of summer. The salinity causes unfavorable environment and hydrological situation restricting the normal crop production. Farmers generally cultivate only single transplanted aman (T.aman) rice in a year at south and south-western coastal saline areas. Garlic is one of the important spices crop in Bangladesh. The treatments of the experiment were five garlic varieties viz., V1 = BARI Roshun-1, V2 = BARI Roshun-2, V3 = BARI Roshun-3, V4 = BARI Roshun-4 which were developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and V5 = Local cultivar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All five varieties of garlic were sown on 17 December 2018 under zero tillage condition. BARI Roshun-1 gave the highest number of bulb/m2 (57), pseudostem height (37 cm), weight of individual bulb (7.65 g) and bulb yield (5.81 t/ha). BARI Roshun-3 gave the lowest yield (3.87 t/ha). It was also observed that the soil moisture of the farmers’ field were higher during sowing of garlic which was not suitable for ploughing the land. So timely establishment of garlic is possible by following hand dibbling methods under zero tillage condition on the muddy soil surface and also cost effective. Mulching can protect the evaporation loss and reduces the salinity stress which ultimately influence the crop establishment and yield. Earlier farmers of Tildanga at Dacope under Khulna District had no idea about the cultivation of garlic under zero tillage along with straw much. When the experimental results were demonstrated and discussed about the technology to the farmers gathering during Field Day then they were impressed and interested to grow garlic. Fallow land of coastal areas of Bangladesh could be utilized through disseminating this technology and ultimately cropping intensification increased.

Improving Dryland Crop Simulation by Assimilating Soil Moisture and Vegetation Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Justin Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
State Parameter ◽  
Aquacrop Model

<p>Global population is projected to keep increasing rapidly in the next 3 decades, particularly in dryland regions of the developing world, making it a global imperative to enhance crop production. However, improving current crop production in these regions is hampered by yield gaps due to poor soils, lack of irrigation and other management practices. Here we develop a crop modelling capability to help understand gaps, and apply to dryland regions where data for parametrizing and testing models is generally lacking. We present a data assimilation framework to improve simulation capability by assimilating in-situ soil moisture and vegetation data into the FAO AquaCrop model. AquaCrop is a water-driven model that simulates canopy growth, biomass and crop yield as a function of water productivity. The key strength of AquaCrop lies in the low requirement for input data thanks to its simple structure. A global sensitivity analysis is first performed using the Morris screening method and the variance-based Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST) method to identify the key influential parameters on the model outputs. We begin with state-only updates by assimilating different combinations of soil moisture and vegetation data (vegetation indices, biomass, etc.), and different filtering/smoothing assimilation strategies are tested. Based on the state-only assimilation results, we further evaluate the utility of joint state-parameter (augmented-states) assimilation in improving the model performance. The framework will eventually be extended to assimilate remote sensing estimates of soil moisture and vegetation data to overcome the lack of in-situ data more generally in dryland regions.</p>

Re-inventing model-based decision support with Australian dryland farmers. 4. Yield Prophet® helps farmers monitor and manage crops in a variable climate

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hochman ◽  
H. van Rees ◽  
P. S. Carberry ◽  
J. R. Hunt ◽  
R. L. McCown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Internet Service

In Australia, a land subject to high annual variation in grain yields, farmers find it challenging to adjust crop production inputs to yield prospects. Scientists have responded to this problem by developing Decision Support Systems, yet the scientists’ enthusiasm for developing these tools has not been reciprocated by farm managers or their advisers, who mostly continue to avoid their use. Preceding papers in this series described the FARMSCAPE intervention: a new paradigm for decision support that had significant effects on farmers and their advisers. These effects were achieved in large measure because of the intensive effort which scientists invested in engaging with their clients. However, such intensive effort is time consuming and economically unsustainable and there remained a need for a more cost-effective tool. In this paper, we report on the evolution, structure, and performance of Yield Prophet®: an internet service designed to move on from the FARMSCAPE model to a less intensive, yet high quality, service to reduce farmer uncertainty about yield prospects and the potential effects of alternative management practices on crop production and income. Compared with conventional Decision Support Systems, Yield Prophet offers flexibility in problem definition and allows farmers to more realistically specify the problems in their fields. Yield Prophet also uniquely provides a means for virtual monitoring of the progress of a crop throughout the season. This is particularly important for in-season decision support and for frequent reviewing, in real time, of the consequences of past decisions and past events on likely future outcomes. The Yield Prophet approach to decision support is consistent with two important, but often ignored, lessons from decision science: that managers make their decisions by satisficing rather than optimising and that managers’ fluid approach to decision making requires ongoing monitoring of the consequences of past decisions.

Grain grower perceptions and use of integrated weed management

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Llewellyn ◽  
R. K. Lindner ◽  
D. J. Pannell ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Management Decision Making

Greater adoption of integrated weed management, to reduce herbicide reliance, is an objective of many research and extension programmes. In Australian grain-growing regions, integrated weed management is particularly important for the management of herbicide resistance in weeds. In this study, survey data from personal interviews with 132 Western Australian grain growers are used to characterise the use and perceptions of integrated weed management practices. The main objective was to identify opportunities for improved weed management decision making, through targeted research and extension. The extent to which integrated weed management practices are used on individual farms was measured. Perceptions of the efficacy and reliability of various weed management practices were elicited for control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), along with perceptions of the economic value of integrated weed management practices relative to selective herbicides. All growers were shown to be using several integrated weed management practices, although the use of some practices was strongly associated with the presence of a herbicide-resistant weed population. In general, both users and non-users were found to have high levels of awareness of integrated weed management practices and their weed control efficacy. Herbicide-based practices were perceived to be the most cost-effective. Opportunities for greater adoption of integrated weed management practices, to conserve the existing herbicide resource, exist where practices can be shown to offer greater shorter-term economic value, not necessarily just in terms of weed control, but to the broader farming system.

scholarly journals Crop Agriculture of Bangladesh: Challenges and Opportunities

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
The Government

Crop agriculture in Bangladesh is constrained every year by challenges, such as a) Loss of Arabie Land, b) Population Growth, c) Climate Changes, d) Inadequate Management Practices, e) Unfair Price of Produces, and f) Insufficient Investment in Research. In Bangladesh, about 80,000 ha of arable land are going out of production every year. The loss is alarming and needs to be addressed immediately. The land use policy of the government should be updated and implemented immediately to stop further loss of arable land. Another problem to agriculture is the increase in the growth of population. The twin problem of arable land loss and population growth needs to be addressed simultaneously to ensure sustainable crop production. Country's crop production is also affected frequently by flood, drought, and salinity. Varieties/technologies tolerant to these natural hazards need to be developed. Renewable energy, reduction in the use of fossil fuels, and afforestation are recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. To sustain crop production, chemical fertilizers must be integrated with organic manure and costly non-urea fertilizers should continue to be subsidized. Incidence of pests and diseases has lately become severe due to climate change impacts. Therefore, more varieties resistant to the pests should be evolved. Small and marginal farmers of Bangladesh have limited access to institutional credit. They are not eligible for microcredit of NGOs either. Establishment of a new institution/foundation in line with PKSF is recommended to meet their needs. These farmers do not have farmers' associations or cooperatives to bargain for fair price of their produces. Government might encourage establishment of farmers' cooperatives to ensure fair price of their produces. To make such cooperatives successful, top-down approach by the influentials must be avoided. Investment in agricultural research should as well be raised to at least 2% of GDP to help generate technologies to cope with climate change hazards and disseminate such technologies at farmer's level. Keywords: Crop agriculture; challenges; opportunities. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5886Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 235-245, June 2010

Improved straw management practices promote in situ straw decomposition and nutrient release, and increase crop production

2020 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 119514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Kang Guan ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Shou-Chen Ma ◽  
Ming-Da Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Straw Management

scholarly journals Ecological Significance of Residues Retention for Sustainability of Agriculture in the Semi-arid Tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Raj Gupta ◽  
DK Benbi ◽  
IP Abrol
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Management Approaches

In South Asia, land degradation is primarily a monsoon mediated phenomenon restricted to 2-3 rainy months. The overall strategy for land degradation neutrality should (i) favour actions that keep soils covered with residues and (ii) plant kharif (rainy season) crop before the onset of monsoons to provide soil cover. Retention of anchored residues provides surface cover, increases microbial activity, carbon sequestration, and availability of nutrients. Surface retained residues reduce root zone salinization, detoxify phytotoxic monomeric Al in acidic soils and enhance the potential for use of brackish ground water in crop production. Residues covers save irrigation water and overcome the ill effects of poor agronomic and water management practices. Early direct dry seeding in surface retained residues has the potential of making kharif season planting independent of the onset of monsoon rains in South Asia and helps reduce acreages of Kharif and Rabi fallow lands. For improving carbon content in Indian soils, perhaps the most important priority is to devise tillage and crop residue management approaches that promote in situ rain water storage and its use for growing more crops. The paper summarises how crop residues fuel and drive soil functions and related ecosystem services and plant growth.

scholarly journals Effect of faecal sludge on cabbage production

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Monjur Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Faecal Sludge ◽  
Full Dosage

2.7 billion people worldwide rely on onsite sanitation and it is a big problem in developing countries. Faecal sludge is a good source of micro/macronutrients of plant besides its richness in organic matter. Two consecutive field experiments was conducted in BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Centre, Gazipur during Rabi 2015-16 and rabi 2016-17 aimed to determine the effect of faecal sludge on crop production and how much dosage need for maximum yield. Cabbage was the test crop. It was observed that harvesting time was significantly shortened and 25.51% curd weight and 26.55% yield was increase with addition of faecal and chemical fertilizer. No significant differences were found on the dosage of faecal on head formation and head diameter. In the addition of full dosage of faecal with chemical fertilizer, 41.04% and 8.61% curd weight increase than only faecal and chemical fertilizer. Application of full dosage of faecal with full dosages of chemical increases yield 7.28%, 10.66%, 6.88% and 38.75 % than application of half faecal, three-fourth faecal, only chemical fertilizer and only faecal. So addition of full dosage of faecal with chemical fertilizer gives the highest yield on crop. In Bangladesh, faecal might be recycled into agricultural soils as a supplement to commercial fertilizer and thereby enrich the general fertility of the soils and increase crop production.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 43-45, June, 2017

scholarly journals The development of methodology and techniques for crop disease identification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Tiwari ◽  
J. W. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Image Classification ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Detection Problem ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Pesticide Usage

AbstractIn India, an estimated 15-25% of potential crop production is lost due pest and diseases (Roy and Bezbaruah, 2002). The country needs not only to raise production but also ensure food security for its growing consumption needs while curbing excessive pesticide usage. Detection of pests and diseases at an early stage plays a significant role in addressing the above-mentioned concerns and image classification offers a cost-effective and scalable solution to the disease detection problem (A. Ramcharan et al. 2017). Here, the principles of transfer learning are implemented with pretrained model – Resnet34 (K. He et al. 2015), and test its effectiveness in image classification using a dataset of tea leaves. The novelty of this work is that the images used are not curated, individual leaves with controlled backgrounds but of plants in-situ. The effect of the level of zoom and background is examined and class activation maps are used to validate that the basis of classification is indeed the disease and not an artificial bias from factors such as background, lighting etc.

scholarly journals Climate vulnerability assessment in semi-arid and arid region of Rajasthan, India: An enquiry into the disadvantaged districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
NAVEEN P. SINGH ◽  
SURENDRA SINGH ◽  
BHAWNA ANAND ◽  
S. K. BAL
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Production Losses

This paper assesses the district level climate vulnerability in the state of Rajasthan using largescale data on climate and socio-economic variables.More than thirty indicators segregated into four components of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity and crop production loss were combined to develop a composite index of vulnerability and homogenous districts were clustered into three categories, viz.low, medium and high.Wide inter-district variations were observed across the calculated indices. The result reveals that highest production losses occurred in Ganganagar district followed by Hanumangarh and Bharatpur. Pali was least exposed to the climatic variability, whereas Bundi had the maximum exposure.Jaisalmer rated the maximum sensitivity level. Further, Pratapgarh followed by Jaisalmer and Banswara had the lowest degree of adaptive capacity. On the whole, districts like Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer, Ganganagar, Bundi, Bharatpur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Chittorgarh, Alwar, Baran and Pratapgarh exhibit high level of vulnerability to climatic change. While on the other spectrum Sirohi district was least vulnerable due to lower exposure, sensitivity, crop production loss and high adaptive capacity. The analysis, suggests the need for prioritizing vulnerable areas to arrest regional imbalances by encouraging need/location based interventions for moderating the degree of vulnerability, whilst making agro-ecosystem in Rajasthan resilient to climatic aberrations. 

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