scholarly journals Influence of abiotic factors on coffee leaf rust disease caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br. under changing climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
M. SUDHA ◽  
SANTOSHREDDY MACHENAHALLI ◽  
MADHU S. GIRI ◽  
A.P. RANJINI ◽  
S. DAIVASIKAMANI
2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau ◽  
Albiner Siagian ◽  
Maria Rumondang Sihotang

Abstract Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.


Author(s):  
Riza Kusuma Widia Siska ◽  
Lahmuddin Lubis ◽  
Lisnawati Lisnawati

Kabupaten Mandailing Natal merupakan daerah penghasil kopi di Sumatera Utara. Salah satu factor pembatas produksi kopi di kabupaten ini adalah adanya serangan penyakit karat daun yang disebabkan oleh Hemileia vastatrix. Namun informasi sebaran dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi di kabupaten ini belum ada.Padaha linformasi ini diperlukan untuk menentukan strategi pengendalian yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keparahan penyakit dan pemetaan sebaranpenyakit karat daun kopi pada perkebunan kopi rakyat di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode purposive random sampling (PRS) di tiga kecamatan masing-masing Kecamatan Pakantan, Puncak Sorik Marapi dan Ulu Pungkut dengan lokasi geografis 0° 10° – 1° 50° LU dan 98° 50° – 100° 10° BT dengan ketinggian tempatantara 861-1353 meter diatas permukaan laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyakit karat daun kopi telah tersebar pada letak geografis 0°10°-1°50°LU dan 98°50°-100°10°BT dengan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi tertinggi yaitu 45% terdapat di Desa Huta Namale, Kecamatan Puncak Sorik Marapi, sebaliknya keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi yang terendah terdapatdi Desa Huta Julu, Kecamatan Pakantan yaitu sebesar1%. Faktor suhu, ketinggian tempat dan jarak tanam berkorelasi sangat rendah terhadap tingkat kejadian dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi. Mandailing Natal Regency is a coffee-producing area in North Sumatra. One of the limiting factors for coffee production in this district is the attack of coffee leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix. The information on the distribution and severity of coffee leaf rust disease in this district is needed to determine its control strategy. This study aims to determine the severity of the disease and the mapping of the spread of coffee leaf rust disease on people's coffee plantations in Mandailing Natal District. The study was carried out by purposive random sampling (PRS) method in three sub-districts of Pakantan Subdistrict, Sorik Marapi and Ulu Pungkut Peak with a geographical location of 0 ° 10 ° - 1 ° 50 ° N and 98 ° 50 ° - 100 ° 10 ° with the altitude between 861-1353 meters above sea level. The results showed that the coffee leaf rust disease was spread over a geographical location of 0 ° 10 ° -1 ° 50 ° N and 98 ° 50 ° -100 ° 10 ° East with the highest severity of coffee leaf rust disease, 45% in Huta Namale Village, District Sorik Marapi Peak, on the contrary the lowest severity of coffee leaf rust disease is in Huta Julu Village, Pakantan District, which is equal to 1%. Temperature, altitude, and spacing factors are very low correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust disease.


IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adans A. Colmán ◽  
Harry C. Evans ◽  
Sara S. Salcedo-Sarmiento ◽  
Uwe Braun ◽  
Kifle Belachew-Bekele ◽  
...  

AbstractDigitopodium hemileiae was described originally in 1930 as Cladosporium hemileiae; growing as a mycoparasite of the coffee leaf rust (CLR), Hemileia vastatrix, in a sample of diseased leaves of Coffea canephora collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo. No cultures from this material exist. More recently, the type material was re-examined and, based on morphological features, considered to be incorrectly placed in Cladosporium. The new genus Digitopodium was erected to accommodate this species. Interest in fungal antagonists of H. vastarix, as potential biocontrol agents of CLR, led to comprehensive surveys for mycoparasites, both in the African centre of origin of the rust, as well as in its South American exotic range. Among the rust specimens from Ethiopia, one was found to be colonized by a fungus congeneric with, and similar to, D. hemileiae. Pure cultures obtained from the Ethiopian material enabled a molecular study and for its phylogenetic position to be elucidated, based on DNA sequence data from the ITS and LSU regions. Molecular data showed that two members of the recently erected genus Hyalocladosporiella (Herpotrichiellaceae: Chaetothyriales) are congeneric with Digitopodium from Ethiopia and morphologically similar to both D. hemileiae and the two Ethiopian isolates. These isolates were found to be morphologically and genetically identical to H. tectonae, described previously from Brazil. Thus, species of Hyalocladosporiella are re-allocated to Digitopodium here; including D. tectonae, and a novel species, D. canescens, recently found in Brazil growing as a mycoparasite of Puccinia thaliae. The potential use of D. hemileiae and D. tectonae for classical biological control of CLR is discussed.


Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gil Azinheira ◽  
Maria do Céu Silva ◽  
Pedro Talhinhas ◽  
Clara Medeira ◽  
Isabel Maia ◽  
...  

Leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Broome, is the most destructive fungal disease of coffee. In the absence of a suitable gene validation system in coffee, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. may be used as a heterologous system for the molecular dissection of coffee responses to leaf rust. Histological examination of A. thaliana (Col-0) leaves inoculated with H. vastatrix (race II) showed that by 24 h after inoculation (hai), H. vastatrix uredospores differentiated appressoria and penetrated the stomata, but failed to form haustoria. Arabidopsis thaliana cellular resistance responses included hypersensitive-like response (HR) of stomata guard cells together with accumulation of phenolic compounds and callose deposition in walls of epidermal and mesophyll cells. Results indicate that H. vastatrix infection triggered the induction of a set of defence-related genes peaking at 18 and 42 hai. The non-host HR triggered by H. vastatrix in the model plant A. thaliana makes it usable to infer the function of coffee genes involved in pre-haustorial rust resistance.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R Mudyiwa ◽  
N Mwatsiya ◽  
B Manenji ◽  
P Chidoko ◽  
C Mahoya

Allergy ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 684-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Croce Portocarrero ◽  
E. Rosa da Costa Manso ◽  
W. Gambale ◽  
L. Takayama ◽  
C. E. Oliveira Andrade ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ano Wariyo ◽  
Habtamu Gebreselassie ◽  
Wondmagegnehu Gerbatsedik ◽  
Kifle Belachew

Coffee is the most important and second traded commodity next to oil in the world. In Ethiopia, coffee leaf rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix is one of the third most economically important diseases of Coffee Arabica. The current status of coffee leaf rust was intensively assessed and examined in 189 sample coffee farms from six districts across major coffee growing areas of the Southern Ethiopia. At each farm, ten randomly selected trees on a diagonal transect across the farm were assessed for disease incidence and severity. The survey data showed that coffee leaf rust was present in all assessed district varying in magnitude and extent of damage. The highest overall mean of rust incidence (38.6%) and severity (13.80%) was recorded at Dilla zuria while the lowest incidence (10.52%) and severity (1.38%) was at Yergachaffee district. The highest altitude range was obtained at Yergachaffee (1838-2056) while the lowest was at Dilla zuria (1434-1825) district. Overall mean severity and incidence result indicate that, there was statistical (p = 0.058 for severity, p = 0.044 for incidence) and negative correlation between intensity and altitude (severity, r= -0.80 and incidence, r= -0.82). The linear regression equation of severity and incidence obtained from the data was Y= -0.036X+73.16 and Y = -0.074X +158.9 (where Y= percentage CLR severity and incidence, respectively and X= altitude). This regression equation implies that, in higher elevation areas the rust intensity was low as compare to the lower elevation. Finally, the disease was remarkably increasing from time to time in all assessed coffee farms. Therefore, appropriate measurement like farmers’ awareness creation and training on how to control disease as well as appropriate agronomic managements has to be seriously undertaken. In addition, development of coffee leaf rust resistant varieties to southern Ethiopia through resistant breeding has to be set high priority.


2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmini BUDIANI ◽  
I SUSANTI ◽  
Surip MAWARDI ◽  
D A SANTOSO ◽  
. SISWANTO

Summary Leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix is considered to be one of the most important diseases on arabica coffee plantation. In order to understand the mechanism underlying resistance of arabica coffee against leaf rust disease, this research was aimed to study expression of β-1,3 glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHI) genes in the arabica coffee S1934 and  BLP10 that have been reported respectively as a resistant and susceptible varieties to H. vastatrix. The two varieties were essayed against H. vastatrix, and an RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) using total RNAs  from the S1934 and BLP10, both inoculated with H. vastatrix and uninnoculated was carried out for studying the expression of GLU and CHI. Two primer pairs were designed to amplify the conserved region of GLU and CHI. Amplification products were sequenced and the nucleotide sequences were subjected to BlastX analysis. The result of bioassay confirmed that arabica coffee S1934 was resistant to H. vastatrix, while BLP10 was susceptible.   β-1,3 glucanase was expressed in all of the four samples, the inoculated and uninnoculated S1934, and BLP10 in different degree. S1934 expressed higher GLU compared to BLP10. In the inoculated S1934 the expression of this gene was higher compared to that of the uninoculated one. Expression of CHI was detected only in the S1934, both inoculated and uninoculated. Sequence analysis confirmed that the RT-PCR products were exon regions of genes encoding β-1,3 glucanase dan chitinase respectively. Both of the cDNA fragment have been cloned in E.coli.  Ringkasan Karat daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Hemileia vastatrix merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada perkebunan kopi arabika. Untuk memahami mekanisme ketahanan kopi arabika terhadap karat daun, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase pada varietas kopi arabika S1934 yang dilaporkan tahan karat daun dan varietas BLP10 yang termasuk rentan karat daun. Untuk itu kedua varietas diuji kembali ketahanannya terhadap H. vastatrix melalui bioesai dan dilakukan RT-PCR menggunakan RNA total dari S1934 dan BLP10, baik yang diinokulasi dengan H. vastatrix maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen GLU dan CHI. Dua pasang primer spesifik dirancang untuk mengamplifikasi daerah konservatif kedua gen  tersebut. Hasil amplifikasi disekuen dan dianalisis menggunakan program BlastX. Hasil bioesai mengkonfirmasi bahwa S1934 tahan terhadap H. vastatrix, sedangkan  BLP10 rentan.  β-1,3 glukanase diekspresikan pada kedua varietas, baik yang diinokulasi maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, namun dengan tingkat ekspresi yang sedikit berbeda. Varietas S1934 mengekspresikan β-1,3 glukanase lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan BLP10. Ekspresi gen tersebut pada S1934 yang diinokulasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi. Sedangkan kitinase hanya diekspresikan pada varietas S1934. Hasil sekuensing dan analisis DNA mengkonfirmasi bahwa sekuen hasil RT-PCR merupakan bagian ekson dari gen penyandi β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase. Kedua fragmen tersebut telah diklon pada E. coli.


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