Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases With the Help of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in the Equines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gauri Ubhare ◽  
Raviraj Suryawanshi ◽  
Anil Ulemale ◽  
Ajit Mali ◽  
Chandrashekhar Mote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases

A One Health Approach to Simple Liquid Sample Handling for Respiratory Based -Omics Analysis; Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Karagianni ◽  
Samantha L. Eaton ◽  
Dominic Kurian ◽  
Eugenio Cillán-Garcia ◽  
Jonathan Twynam-Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Simple Liquid ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Sequential Screening

Abstract Airway inflammation is highly prevalent in horses, with the majority of non-infectious cases being defined as equine asthma. Currently, cytological analysis of airway derived samples is the principal method of assessing lower airway inflammation. Samples can be obtained by tracheal wash (TW) or by lavage of the lower respiratory tract (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BALF). Although BALF cytology carries significant diagnostic advantages over TW cytology, sample acquisition is invasive, making it prohibitive for routine and sequential-screening of airway health. The aim of this study was to establish a robust protocol to isolate macrophages, protein and RNA for molecular characterisation of TW samples and demonstrate the applicability of sample handling to rodent and human pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage fluid isolates. TW samples provided a good quality and yield of both RNA and protein for downstream transcriptomic/proteomic analyses. The sample handling methodologies were successfully applicable to BALF for rodent and human research. TW samples represent a rich source of airway cells, and molecular analysis to facilitate and study airway inflammation, based on both transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. This study provides a necessary methodological platform for future transcriptomic and/or proteomic studies on equine lower respiratory tract secretions and BALF samples from humans and mice.

scholarly journals Pathogenic characteristics of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from patients with lower respiratory tract infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Peng ◽  
Jin’an Zhou ◽  
lei tian
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Abstract Background: Lower respiratory tract infections（LRIs）were a very common disease, no matter in community acquired infection or hospital acquired infection. Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were the most important specimens of LRIs. The choice of antibiotics for the treatment of LRIs usually depended on the results of antimicrobial sensitivity of bacteria isolated from sputum and BALF. However, it was rarely reported to compare the pathogens isolated from sputum and BALF and the difference of antimicrobial sensitivity.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the differences between sputum and BALF samples in pathogen isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity in our hospital. Results: In our hospital during 2013-2015 year, the quality evaluation of sputum samples was not conducted before sputum culture, but in 2016-2018 year, the quality evaluation of sputum samples was conducted firstly and only qualified sputum samples were cultured. The results of pathogen culture showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were the top five pathogens isolated from sputum and BALF. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed for these five pathogens the susceptibility rates of BALF isolates to most antibiotics were higher than those isolated from sputum. The sensitivity of A. baumannii to common antibiotics was less than 50%. In particular, the detection rate of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii (CR-ABA) in sputum and BALF was higher than 80%. The sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics other than ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and minocycline were higher than 50%. The detection rate of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KPN) was 10% - 20% in 2013-2015 and 30% - 50% in 2016-2018. The detection rate of MRSA in sputum was higher than 80%, while that in BALF was 65% - 70%. The separation rate of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae (BLNAR) was between 0-6%.Conclusions: The sensitivity of strains isolated from BALF to commonly used antibiotics was generally higher than that from sputum. MRSA, CR-KPN and A. baumannii were the focus of infection control for LRIs.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Characteristics of Sputum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Samples from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zheng peng ◽  
jin'an zhou ◽  
lei tian
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Abstract Background Lower respiratory tract infections(LRIs)were a very common disease, no matter in community acquired infection or hospital acquired infection. Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were the most important specimens of LRIs. The choice of antibiotics for the treatment of LRIs usually depended on the results of antimicrobial sensitivity of bacteria isolated from sputum and BALF. However, it was rarely reported to compare the pathogens isolated from sputum and BALF and the difference of antimicrobial sensitivity.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the differences between sputum and BALF samples in pathogen isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity in our hospital.Results In our hospital during 2013–2015 year, the quality evaluation of sputum samples was not conducted before sputum culture, but in 2016–2018 year, the quality evaluation of sputum samples was conducted firstly and only qualified sputum samples were cultured. The results of pathogen culture showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were the top five pathogens isolated from sputum and BALF. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed for these five pathogens the susceptibility rates of BALF isolates to most antibiotics were higher than those isolated from sputum. The sensitivity of A. baumannii to common antibiotics was less than 50%. In particular, the detection rate of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii (CR-ABA) in sputum and BALF was higher than 80%. The sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics other than ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and minocycline were higher than 50%. The detection rate of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KPN) was 10% − 20% in 2013–2015 and 30% − 50% in 2016–2018. The detection rate of MRSA in sputum was higher than 80%, while that in BALF was 65% − 70%. The separation rate of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae (BLNAR) was between 0–6%.Conclusions The sensitivity of strains isolated from BALF to commonly used antibiotics was generally higher than that from sputum. MRSA, CR-KPN and A. baumannii were the focus of infection control for LRIs.

scholarly journals Suppression of Airway Allergic Reactions by a Photocatalytic Filter Using Mouse Model

Toxics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Taisuke Tomonaga ◽  
Hiroto Izumi ◽  
Chinatsu Nishida ◽  
Kaori Kato ◽  
Kazuhiro Yatera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Living Organisms

Photocatalytic filters installed in air purifiers have been used to purify spaces by decomposing allergenic substances. However, we have not found any reports that evaluate the effectiveness of photocatalytic filters in suppressing allergic reactions in living organisms. In this study, we intratracheally instilled ovalbumin (OVA) into OVA-sensitized mice after the OVA was photocatalyzed by a titanium dioxide (TiO2) filter, and verified the experimental model for evaluating the allergy-suppressing effect of photocatalysts. Mice were sensitized to OVA (10 µg/mouse) four times, and were intratracheally instilled with OVA (10 µg/mouse) after photocatalysis three times. Non-sensitized animals were instilled with normal saline following the same exposure schedule. The mice were dissected 24 h after final exposure. The OVA after photocatalysis significantly decreased the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the concentration of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 in serum, which were elevated in untreated OVA. Moreover, our experimental model showed the suppression of allergic reactions in mice, along with the decomposition of OVA after photocatalysis using the photocatalytic filter. Taken together, our experimental model for evaluating allergic reactions in the respiratory tract suggested that the allergy-suppressing effect of the photocatalytic filter can be evaluated.

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