Age-related development and histomorphological observations of bursa of Fabricius in sonali chicken

He, M., Liang, X., Wang, K., Pu, H., Hu, Y., Ye, G., Li, X. and Liu, L. 2015. Age-related development and histomorphological observation of bursa of Fabricius in yellow quails. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 487–491. The purpose of this study was to observe the age-related development and histomorphological changes in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) in Chinese yellow quails. One hundred and twenty Chinese yellow quails were divided into 12 groups. After dissecting, the weight, length, width and index analysis of the BF were determined, and histomorphological observation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining at different ages. The weight of the BF gradually increased with age from 0 to 5 wk, reached a peak at 5 wk (100.23±6.47), then decreased quickly from 5 to 9 wk (63.21±3.90) and decreased slowly after 9 wk (P<0.05). The length of the BF was greater at 5 wk old than at 0 wk old (11.00±2.45 vs. 5.00±1.15, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference after 5 wk of age (P>0.05). The width of the BF was similar to the length. The organ index was higher at 1 wk of age compared with 5 wk of age (1.25±0.11 vs. 0.71±0.05, P<0.05) and reached its maximum from 0 to 36 wk of age. Histomorphological analysis revealed the different development stages of the BF at different ages. We detected the age-related development of the BF in Chinese yellow quails and observed the histomorphological modifications. This study may help increase our understanding of the quail's immune system and provide a basis for immunization research in Chinese yellow quails.

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GROSS MORPHOMETRICAL STUDY ON BURSA OF FABRICIUS IN DEVELOPING BRONZE TURKEY (MELEAGRIS GALOPAVO)

Trakia Journal of Sciences ◽

10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

G. Penchev

Keyword(s):

Sexual Maturity ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Relative Length ◽

Bursa Of Fabricius ◽

Age Related ◽

Graph Paper ◽

Related Development ◽

Absolute Length ◽

The Absolute ◽

Morphometrical Study

The aim of the study was an evaluation of the age related development of bronze turkey's bursa of Fabricius. The obtained data gave information about the standard actual values of the metric parameters in the investigated organ. The bursa of sixty healthy clinically bronze turkeys (30 males and 30 females) was studied metrically by ruler, graph paper and automatic balance. The birds were distributed in 10 age related groups at the 1, 7, 14, 28, 35, 49, 56, 90, 120 and 240 days. Each group consisted of 6 turkeys. The absolute and relative weight, length, perimeter and diameter of the organ were determined. During the period the absolute weight of the bronze turkeys' bursa increased by 76.5 times, the absolute length – 3.5 times. The relative weight of the organ was with the highest values at the 14 days of age. The relative length reached peak values at the 1 day. The relative perimeter was highest at 7 days. The obtained results gave a motivation to make the conclusion that the development of the bronze turkey bursa of Fabricius weight and length were highest from hatching to the sexual maturity.

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Change by challenge: A common genetic basis behind childhood cognitive development and cognitive training

npj Science of Learning ◽

10.1038/s41539-021-00096-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Sauce ◽

John Wiedenhoeft ◽

Nicholas Judd ◽

Torkel Klingberg

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Development ◽

Brain Plasticity ◽

Training Sample ◽

Age Related ◽

Central Piece ◽

Gene Environment ◽

Related Development ◽

Explained Variation ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Cognitive Challenges

AbstractThe interplay of genetic and environmental factors behind cognitive development has preoccupied multiple fields of science and sparked heated debates over the decades. Here we tested the hypothesis that developmental genes rely heavily on cognitive challenges—as opposed to natural maturation. Starting with a polygenic score (cogPGS) that previously explained variation in cognitive performance in adults, we estimated its effect in 344 children and adolescents (mean age of 12 years old, ranging from 6 to 25) who showed changes in working memory (WM) in two distinct samples: (1) a developmental sample showing significant WM gains after 2 years of typical, age-related development, and (2) a training sample showing significant, experimentally-induced WM gains after 25 days of an intense WM training. We found that the same genetic factor, cogPGS, significantly explained the amount of WM gain in both samples. And there was no interaction of cogPGS with sample, suggesting that those genetic factors are neutral to whether the WM gains came from development or training. These results represent evidence that cognitive challenges are a central piece in the gene-environment interplay during cognitive development. We believe our study sheds new light on previous findings of interindividual differences in education (rich-get-richer and compensation effects), brain plasticity in children, and the heritability increase of intelligence across the lifespan.

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Age Related Histomorphometrical Studies on the Major Lymphoid Organs of Chicken

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4318 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

N. Dahariya ◽

S. Sathapathy ◽

U.K. Mishra ◽

R. Patra ◽

S. Dehury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Average Length ◽

Bursa Of Fabricius ◽

Maximum Diameter ◽

White Pulp ◽

Average Height ◽

Average Thickness ◽

Average Width ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Average Maximum

Background: Hansli chicken is reared in Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar districts of Odisha. They play a vital role in the economic upliftment of poor, landless and marginalised people in the rural areas besides providing them with nutritious egg and meat for consumption.Methods: Hansli chicks and Vencobb broiler chicks were divided into three age groups viz. group I (up to 1 month), group II (1-3 months) and group III (3-6 months) with six birds in each age group. On 4th week, 12th week and 24th week, six birds from each breed were used for the study of histomorphometrical features of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Result: The average thickness of the capsule, cortex and medulla of thymus, average width of thymic lobule and average maximum diameter of Hassall’s corpuscles differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the birds at specific ages. Similarly, the average thickness of the splenic capsule, average width of white pulp, average external transverse and internal longitudinal diameters of trabecular artery, average external longitudinal, internal longitudinal, external transverse and internal transverse diameters of central artery, average longitudinal diameter of capillary, average longitudinal and transverse diameters of splenic nodule, average thickness of PALS and PELS differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the birds at specific ages. The average number of bursal follicles in larger and smaller plicae, average height and width of larger and smaller plicae, average length and width of bursal follicle, average height of columnar cell of pseudostratified FAE and IFE, average nuclear height of FAE and IFE columnar cells differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the birds at specific ages.

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Attitudes Toward Animals: Age-Related Development among Children

Advances in Animal Welfare Science 1984 ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-4998-0_3 ◽

1985 ◽

pp. 43-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stephen R. Kellert

Keyword(s):

Age Related ◽

Attitudes Toward Animals ◽

Related Development

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Bifidobacterial Succession and Correlation Networks in a Large Unselected Cohort of Mothers and Their Children

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02359-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 497-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

E. Avershina ◽

O. Storrø ◽

T. Øien ◽

R. Johnsen ◽

R. Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Populations ◽

Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽

Content Type ◽

Individual Level ◽

Correlation Networks ◽

Age Related ◽

Related Development ◽

Healthy Cohort ◽

Stool Samples ◽

The Individual

ABSTRACTBifidobacteria are a major microbial component of infant gut microbiota, which is believed to promote health benefits for the host and stimulate maturation of the immune system. Despite their perceived importance, very little is known about the natural development of and possible correlations between bifidobacteria in human populations. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed stool samples from a randomly selected healthy cohort of 87 infants and their mothers with >90% of vaginal delivery and nearly 100% breast-feeding at 4 months. Fecal material was sampled during pregnancy, at 3 and 10 days, at 4 months, and at 1 and 2 years after birth. Stool samples were predicted to be rich in the speciesBifidobacterium adolescentis,B. bifidum,B. dentium,B. breve, andB. longum. Due to high variation, we did not identify a clear age-related structure at the individual level. Within the population as a whole, however, there were clear age-related successions. Negative correlations between theB. longumgroup andB. adolescentiswere detected in adults and in 1- and 2-year-old children, whereas negative correlations betweenB. longumandB. brevewere characteristic for newborns and 4-month-old infants. The highly structured age-related development of and correlation networks between bifidobacterial species during the first 2 years of life mirrors their different or competing nutritional requirements, which in turn may be associated with specific biological functions in the development of healthy gut.

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