scholarly journals GROSS MORPHOMETRICAL STUDY ON BURSA OF FABRICIUS IN DEVELOPING BRONZE TURKEY (MELEAGRIS GALOPAVO)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
G. Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Graph Paper ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Morphometrical Study

The aim of the study was an evaluation of the age related development of bronze turkey's bursa of Fabricius. The obtained data gave information about the standard actual values of the metric parameters in the investigated organ. The bursa of sixty healthy clinically bronze turkeys (30 males and 30 females) was studied metrically by ruler, graph paper and automatic balance. The birds were distributed in 10 age related groups at the 1, 7, 14, 28, 35, 49, 56, 90, 120 and 240 days. Each group consisted of 6 turkeys. The absolute and relative weight, length, perimeter and diameter of the organ were determined. During the period the absolute weight of the bronze turkeys' bursa increased by 76.5 times, the absolute length – 3.5 times. The relative weight of the organ was with the highest values at the 14 days of age. The relative length reached peak values at the 1 day. The relative perimeter was highest at 7 days. The obtained results gave a motivation to make the conclusion that the development of the bronze turkey bursa of Fabricius weight and length were highest from hatching to the sexual maturity.

Age-related development and histomorphological observation of bursa of Fabricius in yellow quails

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Min He ◽  
Xiaoxia Liang ◽  
Kaiyu Wang ◽  
Haibo Pu ◽  
Yaodong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Histomorphological Changes ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

He, M., Liang, X., Wang, K., Pu, H., Hu, Y., Ye, G., Li, X. and Liu, L. 2015. Age-related development and histomorphological observation of bursa of Fabricius in yellow quails. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 487–491. The purpose of this study was to observe the age-related development and histomorphological changes in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) in Chinese yellow quails. One hundred and twenty Chinese yellow quails were divided into 12 groups. After dissecting, the weight, length, width and index analysis of the BF were determined, and histomorphological observation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining at different ages. The weight of the BF gradually increased with age from 0 to 5 wk, reached a peak at 5 wk (100.23±6.47), then decreased quickly from 5 to 9 wk (63.21±3.90) and decreased slowly after 9 wk (P<0.05). The length of the BF was greater at 5 wk old than at 0 wk old (11.00±2.45 vs. 5.00±1.15, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference after 5 wk of age (P>0.05). The width of the BF was similar to the length. The organ index was higher at 1 wk of age compared with 5 wk of age (1.25±0.11 vs. 0.71±0.05, P<0.05) and reached its maximum from 0 to 36 wk of age. Histomorphological analysis revealed the different development stages of the BF at different ages. We detected the age-related development of the BF in Chinese yellow quails and observed the histomorphological modifications. This study may help increase our understanding of the quail's immune system and provide a basis for immunization research in Chinese yellow quails.

scholarly journals Assessment of visceral organ growth in pigs from birth through 150 kg

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K Elefson ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Tyler Chevalier ◽  
Shannon Dierking ◽  
Ding Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Relative Measurements ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Abstract Visceral organs (VO) are essential for their role in the metabolism and distribution of consumed nutrients as well as other life functions in animals. Two experiments were conducted to assess the natural longitudinal changes that the VO undergo from birth through 150 kg body weight (BW). In Experiment 1, a total of 96 crossbred pigs were euthanized at birth (pre-suckle), d 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 (weaning), 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 42, 49, and 63 of age. In Experiment 2, a total of 48 crossbred pigs were euthanized at 30, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg of BW. The absolute weight of VO, and the volume and length of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were measured. In both experiments, the absolute weight of VO, GIT length, and their volume increased (linear, quadratic, and/or cubic, P &lt; 0.05) as BW and age increased. In Experiment 1, the relative weight of VO (liver, kidney, heart, and lung) decreased after initially increasing within the first week of life (linear, quadratic, and/or cubic, P &lt; 0.05), whereas the relative weight of all VO decreased as BW increased in Experiment 2 (linear and/or quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). The relative length of small intestine decreased and that of large intestine increased as age increased in Experiment 1 (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05), whereas the relative length of the small and large intestine in Experiment 2 were relatively constant at 80% and 20% of the total length of the intestine, respectively. As age and BW increased, the relative volume of the large intestine to the total volume of the GIT increased (linear and/or quadratic, P &lt; 0.05), while the relative volume of the small intestine decreased (linear and/or quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, results showed that both absolute and relative measurements (weight, volume, and length) of VO were dependent on the BW (age) of the pig.

Short day-length and egg production in the fowl

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Length Of The Day

1. The effect of a short, unchanging day-length of 6 hr. on age at sexual maturity and egg production has been observed.2. The birds matured at the same age as the controls but at a lower body weight.3. Egg production over 58 weeks was considerably reduced.4. An increase in day-length between December and August always increased production.5. A decrease in day-length between February and August always decreased production; this decrease was greater the later in the year that the change occurred.6. It is concluded that age at sexual maturity is not affected by the absolute length of the day, and that egg production is affected both by the absolute length and by the change in length.

Comparative morphology and ph of the alimentary tract in Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-100
Author(s):  
F.A. Okeniyi ◽  
O.A. Osinowo
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
The Absolute

A study was carried out to investigate the comparative morphology and pH of the gut in the Giant African Land Snails, in Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina respectively. The crop is long, distended and less fleshy with reddish brown coloured juice (5.8 ml volume) in A. marginata, while it is short, compact and fleshy with greenish brown coloured juice (3.2 ml volume) in A. achatina. The digestive gland was heavier (17.36 vs. 15.74 g) in the latter than the former. The absolute weight of the crop in A. marginata was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in A. Achatina, however, the absolute and relative weights of the digestive gland in A. achatina was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in A. marginata. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in linear measurements of the salivary gland and crop for absolute values and the salivary gland, crop, stomach and digestive gland for relative values. Archachatina marginata had significantly (p<0.05) longer salivary gland and crop than Achatina achatina for absolute length values and significantly (p<0.05) longer salivary gland, crop and digestive gland for relative length values. However, the relative stomach length in A. achatina was significantly (p<0.05) longer than in A. marginata. The gut pH was more acidic in the crop (5.38 and 4.83) than in the mouth (6.93 and 6.82) where it tended towards neutrality in A. marginata and A. achatina respectively. The pH profiles in the two species, decreased by 1.65 and 1.99 from the mouth to the crop while it increased by 1.46 and 1.97 from the crop to the distal digestive gland in A. marginata and A. achatina respectively. In the herbivorous snails, the pH along the gut regions remained acidic all through (5.38 – 6.93 and 4.83 – 6.82) in A. marginata and A. achatina respectively, confirming the herbivorous habits in these snail species. The longer gut and distended crop with higher volume of crop juice in A. marginata, implies its ability to store, utilize and digest more food materials than A. achatina. These results provide the basis for a better understanding of the physiology of the digestive processes in these snails.

scholarly journals Change by challenge: A common genetic basis behind childhood cognitive development and cognitive training

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Sauce ◽  
John Wiedenhoeft ◽  
Nicholas Judd ◽  
Torkel Klingberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Central Piece ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Cognitive Challenges

AbstractThe interplay of genetic and environmental factors behind cognitive development has preoccupied multiple fields of science and sparked heated debates over the decades. Here we tested the hypothesis that developmental genes rely heavily on cognitive challenges—as opposed to natural maturation. Starting with a polygenic score (cogPGS) that previously explained variation in cognitive performance in adults, we estimated its effect in 344 children and adolescents (mean age of 12 years old, ranging from 6 to 25) who showed changes in working memory (WM) in two distinct samples: (1) a developmental sample showing significant WM gains after 2 years of typical, age-related development, and (2) a training sample showing significant, experimentally-induced WM gains after 25 days of an intense WM training. We found that the same genetic factor, cogPGS, significantly explained the amount of WM gain in both samples. And there was no interaction of cogPGS with sample, suggesting that those genetic factors are neutral to whether the WM gains came from development or training. These results represent evidence that cognitive challenges are a central piece in the gene-environment interplay during cognitive development. We believe our study sheds new light on previous findings of interindividual differences in education (rich-get-richer and compensation effects), brain plasticity in children, and the heritability increase of intelligence across the lifespan.

scholarly journals On the appendicular skeleton of the primates

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
The Absolute

The author began by mentioning the principal variations found in the order Primates, as to the absolute and relative length of the pectoral limb with and without the manus; and then taking each bone separately, described the modifications undergone by each in all the genera of the order; as also the relative size of the segments and bones of the limb compared to each other and to the spine. The pelvic limb was then similarly treated of, and, in addition, its segments and bones were compared with the homo-typal segments and bones of the pectoral limb. The author after this reconsidered the question as to the use of the terms “hand” and “foot,” and the applicability of the term “Quadru-manous” to Apes and Lemuroids.

Age Related Histomorphometrical Studies on the Major Lymphoid Organs of Chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dahariya ◽  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
U.K. Mishra ◽  
R. Patra ◽  
S. Dehury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group I ◽  
Average Maximum

Background: Hansli chicken is reared in Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar districts of Odisha. They play a vital role in the economic upliftment of poor, landless and marginalised people in the rural areas besides providing them with nutritious egg and meat for consumption.Methods: Hansli chicks and Vencobb broiler chicks were divided into three age groups viz. group I (up to 1 month), group II (1-3 months) and group III (3-6 months) with six birds in each age group. On 4th week, 12th week and 24th week, six birds from each breed were used for the study of histomorphometrical features of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Result: The average thickness of the capsule, cortex and medulla of thymus, average width of thymic lobule and average maximum diameter of Hassall’s corpuscles differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the birds at specific ages. Similarly, the average thickness of the splenic capsule, average width of white pulp, average external transverse and internal longitudinal diameters of trabecular artery, average external longitudinal, internal longitudinal, external transverse and internal transverse diameters of central artery, average longitudinal diameter of capillary, average longitudinal and transverse diameters of splenic nodule, average thickness of PALS and PELS differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the birds at specific ages. The average number of bursal follicles in larger and smaller plicae, average height and width of larger and smaller plicae, average length and width of bursal follicle, average height of columnar cell of pseudostratified FAE and IFE, average nuclear height of FAE and IFE columnar cells differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the birds at specific ages.

scholarly journals PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN SELUANG ASAL PULAU BANGKA (Brevibora dorsiocellata) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBEDA DALAM WADAH BUDIDAYA PADA SKALA LABORATORIUM DI TAHAP AWAL DOMESTIKASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zambawi ◽  
Ahmad Fahrul Syarif ◽  
Robin Robin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Feed Pellet ◽  
The Absolute

This research aimed to evaluated the growth performance of eyespot rasbora (Brevibora dorsiocellata) feeding with different feed in cultured conditions on early stage of domestication. The fishes was collected from river among Balunijuk Village, Bangka Residence. It’s conducted on February until March 2019 at  Laboratory of Aquaculture Sub-Laboratory of Hatchery, University of Bangka Belitung. A kinds of feed on this tretment was blood worms (Tubificidae) and commercial feed (pellet). The parameters observed in this research was surival rates, absolute weight and length and feed consumptions level. The result showed that the survival value ranged on 90-100%., the absolute weight was 0,12±0,02 until 0,17±0,02 grams, the absolute length was 0,69±0,17 until 0,79±0,06 cm and a feed consumptions level was 10±0,58 until 11±1,00 gram. In common, the eyespot rasbora (Brevibora dorsiocellata) showed the postively responses on early stage of domestications with different feed on cultured medium.Keywords : Bangka Island, Brevibora dosrsiocellata, Domestication, Eyespot Rasbora

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