scholarly journals Formation of links between microorganisms of certain groups in haplic luvisol under the influence of mineral fertilization and liming

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
І.M. Malynovska ◽  
M.A. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The aim of the research was to form connections between separate groups of microorganisms as a part of groups of gray forest soil (Haplic Luvisol) during the cultivation of spring wheat with the use of various fertilizers and liming systems. Research methods: microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. The research was carried out in the landfill monitoring system on the basis of a stationary experiment of the Department of Agrosoil Science and Soil Microbiology at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” - Development and improvement of intensive cultivation technologies of agricultural crops on the basis of the expanded soil fertility reproduction. The main results of the study: The number of ammonifiers is positively correlated with the total number of microorganisms (0,955), the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, denitrifiers, nitrifiers, cellulose-destroying bacteria, actin- and micromycetes, the coefficient of nitrogen mineralization compounds, the total biological activity (0,911). The conclusions of previous research are confirmed: Azotobacter is not a diagnostic microorganism for effective soil fertility, as evidenced by the insignificance of the correlation coefficients between the number of Azotobacter and the yield of spring wheat (0,265), winter wheat (0,131), soybeans (0,303). The number of Azotobacter correlates inversely with most of the studied indicators, especially significant - with the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, actinomycetes, melanin-synthesizing micromycetes (-0,719), acid-forming microorganisms (- 0,611), physiological and biochemical activity of own cells, pedotrophic index. The direct nature of the relationship is established between the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms as a diagnostic group for the optimal mineral nutrition of plants and the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers (0,854), pedotrophs (0,970), cellulose-destructive (0,724) and autochthonous (0,878) microorganisms, actinomycetes, micromycetes, the total number of microorganisms (0,588), probability of colony formation of denitrifiers, autochthonous microorganisms and micromycetes, nitrogen mineralization coefficient, total biological activity (0,646). Indigenous microorganisms show a high level of direct dependence on the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, pedotrophs, cellulose-destroying and polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, the total number of microorganisms, physiological and biochemical activity of denitrifiers and own cells (0,935).

The community of microorganisms of grey forest soil at application of liming and mineral fertilizers

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
I.M. Malinovskaya ◽  
M.A. Tkachenko ◽  
A.A. Chernish ◽  
A.P. Soroka ◽  
N.M. Pypchuk
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Grey Forest Soil ◽  
Ph Optimization ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The influence of agricultural practices (fertilizers, liming, plowing of biomass of green manure crops and by-products predecessor in crop rotation) on quantity and physiological and biochemical activity of buckwheat‘s root zone micro-organisms was investigated. It was found that application of mineral fertilizers leaded to the increase in a number of microorganisms of main ecological and trophic groups, as well as the physiological and biochemical activity of certain groups of microorganisms (ammonifiers , oligonitrophilic , denitrifying ), particularly in case of double dose of fertilizers  (N120P60K120). Liming on the background of mineral fertilizers and plowing of exogenous organic matter and without them, leads to a reduction of the quantity of physiological and biochemical activity of fosfatmobilising microorganisms cells because of the increased mobility of many elements at close to neutral pH. Optimization of the acid-alkaline balance of the soil solution had a positive effect on microbiological processes in the soil. Quantity of ammonification microorganisms is increased by 94.4%, mineral nitrogen immobilising microorganisms – by 40.9%, nitrifying microorganisms – by 82.5%, autochthonous microorganisms – by 112 %, actinomycetes – by 93.4%, the mobilizes of organophosphates – by 18.6%. Total quantity of microorganisms is increased by 43.1%.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage System and Organic Matter Management Interactions on Soil Chemical Properties and Biological Activity in a Spring Wheat Short-Time Cultivation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7451
Author(s):  
Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽  
Karol Kotwica ◽  
Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Short Time

Properly selected tillage methods and management of the available organic matter resources are considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Depending on the depth and intensity of cultivation, tillage practices affect soil chemical composition, structure and biological activity. The three-year experiment was performed on the soil under spring wheat (cv. Tybalt) short-time cultivation. The influence of different tillage systems and stubble management on the soil’s chemical and biological parameters was analyzed. Organic carbon content (OC); content of biologically available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), and magnesium (Mg); content of total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen forms: N-NO3 and N-NH4 were determined in various soil samples. Moreover, the total number of microorganisms (TNM), bacteria (B), actinobacteria (A), fungi (F); soil respiratory activity (SR); and pH in 1 M KCl (pH) were also investigated. The results show that organic matter amendment is of greater influence on soil characteristics than the tillage system applied. Manure application, as well as leaving the straw in the field, resulted in higher amounts of organic carbon and biologically available potassium. A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms was also observed in soil samples from the experimental plots including this procedure.

scholarly journals Biological activity of edaphotopes of anthropogenic transformed ecosystems

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
D. V. Syshchykov ◽  
I. V. Agurova ◽  
O. V. Syshchykova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Underlying Soil ◽  
Zonal Soils

As a result of the carried out studies of biological activity of edaphotopes of anthropogenic transformed ecosystems, it was found that the largest number of microorganisms and streptomycetes it was characteristic for common chernozem. For the soil horizons of primitive undeveloped fragmented soils, was recorded the lowest percentage of the microorganisms number (on average 4-5% relative to the control). The number of streptomycetes in both intrazonal and soils of anthropogenic transformed soils and zonal soils varies in horizons. However, we have noted that in intrazonal and anthropogenic transformed soils streptomycetes are in most cases concentrated in underlying soil horizons. Our studies on micromycetes have found that this group of microscopic fungi accounts for up to 50% of the total number of microbiocenosis, with the smallest number recorded in the genetic horizons of primitive undeveloped soils on sandstone. Cellulose-destroying microorganisms in the soil microbocenosis of monitoring sites are least represented.

Effects of lupin-wheat rotations on soil fertility, crop disease and crop yields

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Reeves ◽  
A Ellington ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crop Diseases

Three experiments, begun in successive years, were conducted between 1974 and 1979 in north-eastern Victoria to investigate the effects of rotating wheat (cv. Olympic) and 'sweet' lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest) on crop yields, soil fertility and crop diseases. The grain yield of continuous wheat was 2.58 t/ha and of continuous lupins 0.66 t/ha (P<0.05). Wheat, grown after a lupin crop, yielded 750 kg/ha more than wheat after wheat, and a second wheat crop, after lupins, yielded 420 kg/ha more than a third successive wheat crop. Lupins, grown after wheat, yielded 50-165% more than lupins after lupins. Grain nitrogen of wheat was significantly increased after lupins (P<0.01). Differences in soil mineral nitrogen were apparent ten weeks after sowing, with mean nitrogen levels of 37 and 55 kg/ha under wheat and lupins, respectively. Soil mineral nitrogen (0-20 cm) was consistently greater after lupins than after wheat (P<0.01) when measured just before seeding the succeeding crop. Overall, mean accretion of mineral nitrogen under lupins was 4 1 kg/ha.year. Residual nitrogen from lupins, after one succeeding wheat crop had been grown, was also evident (mean 23 kg/ha). Crop rotation influenced the incidence of crop diseases in wheat and lupins. Lupins after lupins suffered severely from brown leaf spot (Pleiochaeta setosa), up to 63% of plants being infected compared with only 18% after wheat. Disease incidence (mainly Gaeumannomyces graminis) in wheat increased from less than 1% in the first year of cropping, to 36% infection in year 3. When wheat was grown after lupins, disease incidence was negligible.

The Azotobacter Test of Soil Fertility Applied to the Classical Fields at Rothamsted.

1932 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Ziemięcka
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Classical Fields ◽  
Available Phosphate

Summary and abstract1. The kneaded plate (plaque moulée) method of detecting deficiency in lime and available phosphate was applied to seventy-nine soil samples taken from the classical Rothamsted arable plots, and the Azotobacter population from some of these samples was estimated by counts on silica jelly.2. The silica jelly counts showed that Azotobacter cells were very much reduced in number, or even absent in soil receiving 86 lb. per acre or more of mineral nitrogen. It is suggested that this is due to competition with other organisms whose growth is stimulated by added nitrogen compounds.3. The kneaded-plate test correctly indicaṫed whether phosphate had been applied in soils receiving little or no nitrogen manures.4. In those soils receiving 86 lb. or more of mineral nitrogen, the kneaded-plate test usually showed little or no Azotobacter growth even in the presence of phosphate and calcium carbonate. This failure was probably due to the paucity of Azotobacter cells originally present in such soil samples. In some cases the test was modified by inoculating the sample with a culture of Azotobacter and it then gave correct indications as to phosphate content.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES ON THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOILS

Globus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7(64)) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Alexander Valentinovich Osipov ◽  
Tatiana Vitalievna Kolesnichenko ◽  
Oleg Vladimirovich Dimitrienko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Changes

The article discusses various types of anthropogenic impact on soil fertility. As well as measures to reduce the negative impact and restore biological activity.

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