scholarly journals Biological activity of edaphotopes of anthropogenic transformed ecosystems

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
D. V. Syshchykov ◽  
I. V. Agurova ◽  
O. V. Syshchykova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Underlying Soil ◽  
Zonal Soils

As a result of the carried out studies of biological activity of edaphotopes of anthropogenic transformed ecosystems, it was found that the largest number of microorganisms and streptomycetes it was characteristic for common chernozem. For the soil horizons of primitive undeveloped fragmented soils, was recorded the lowest percentage of the microorganisms number (on average 4-5% relative to the control). The number of streptomycetes in both intrazonal and soils of anthropogenic transformed soils and zonal soils varies in horizons. However, we have noted that in intrazonal and anthropogenic transformed soils streptomycetes are in most cases concentrated in underlying soil horizons. Our studies on micromycetes have found that this group of microscopic fungi accounts for up to 50% of the total number of microbiocenosis, with the smallest number recorded in the genetic horizons of primitive undeveloped soils on sandstone. Cellulose-destroying microorganisms in the soil microbocenosis of monitoring sites are least represented.

Pertes d'azote par volatilisation ammoniacale après fertilisation en forêt de pin gris

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carrier ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Increasing Precipitation ◽  
Underlying Soil

In a field study, percentage of nitrogen lost as ammonia from a jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) soil increased with increasing rates of urea application between 112 and 448 kg N/ha. After 7 days, losses amounted to 18–28% of a 224 kg urea-N/ha application, representing 60–87% of the total losses measured over a 6-week period. Maximum volatilization rates occurred between the third and the fifth day after fertilization, at which time urea hydrolysis was virtually complete. Negligible ammonia losses were measured in plots treated with ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and sulfur-coated urea. Applying superphosphate with urea markedly depressed ammonia volatilization, an effect which was enhanced by a joint application of K2SO4•MgSO4. Reduction of volatilization by artificial precipitation was significant and increased with increasing precipitation when the latter was applied soon after fertilization; decreases in volatilization were then related to the amount of residual urea subject to diffusion into the humus layer or to leaching towards the underlying soil horizons.

Biological activity of clear gray forest soil for different potato fertilizer systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
B.V. Matviichuk ◽  
N.G. Matviichuk
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Potato Fertilizer ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Changes ◽  
Consistent Application

The article deals with the question of changing the microbiological state and biological activity of the soil in different potato fertilizer systems in the short-term crop rotation of Polissya. It was found that with the consistent application of ma-nure with moderate mineral fertilizer standards, the structure of microbiological cenosis of the soil changes: against the background of their aftereffects, the total number of microorganisms increases by an average of 31%, ammonifiers - by 33%, phosphor mobilizing bacteria - by 2.6 times. The coefficients of mineralization and soil oligotrophy are calculated. It has been proved that all biological processes have positive correlation bonds with the total number of microorganisms, bacteria that use mineral nitrogen forms, ammonifiers, phosphoramidizers and actinomycetes.

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE RHIZOSPHERE OF SPRING BARLEY UNDER THE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN FOREST STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Shuliko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Positive Effect

The biological activity of the rhizosphere soil increased upon the application of mineral fertilizers (N18P42) and their combination with straw (N18P42 + straw) by 58 and 70 %, in comparison to the control. Of the three studied factors, the application of mineral fertilizers had the highest positive effect on the number of microorganisms in the barley rhizosphere, both separately and in combination with the studied factors.

scholarly journals Influence of the adoption of phosphogips and seros-containing fertilizers on the microbial population of south chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00229
Author(s):  
Valeriy Tskhovrebov ◽  
Alexander Umarov ◽  
Vera Faizova ◽  
Vera Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Meat Peptone Agar

The following field experiences were performed on the Chernozem southern carbonate: 1.Control, 2. Sulphoammophos – 150 kg/ha, 3. Sulphoammophos – 250 kg/ha, 4.Phosphogypsum – 3 t/ha, 5.Phosphogypsum – 6 t/ha, 6.Phosphogypsum – 12 t/ha, 7. Phosphogypsum – 3 t/ha ammophos –70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate, 100 kg/ha 8. Phosphogypsum – 6 t/ha ammophos -70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate, 100 kg/ha 9. Phosphogypsum – 12 t/ha ammophos–70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate, 100 kg/ha. 10. ammophos-70 kg/ha + ammonium nitrate 100 kg/ha. The determination of the number of microorganisms produced in the phase of milky-wax ripeness of winter wheat on the selective nutrient medium: meat-peptone agar – number of ammonifiers; on starch and ammonia agar – microorganisms that assimilate mineral forms of nitrogen on the Hutchinson medium – calculatorsreal the number of microorganisms on the Czapek-Dox medium – the number of micromycetes on the Ashby medium – the number of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter. Introduction phosphogypsum, sulphoammophos, ammophos and ammonium nitrate contributes to the increase in the numbers of various physiological groups of microorganisms. The highest values of the studied indicators in comparison with the control was achieved through the joint application of phosphogypsum – 12 t/ha ammophos-70kg/ha and ammonium nitrate-100kg/ha: ammonifiers on 123.4 million CFU/g (or 2.5 times); nitrifiers at 138 million CFU/g (3.3 times), microscopic fungi on 90,0 thousand CFU/g (1.7 times); cellulose-fermenting microorganisms on 250.6 thousand CFU/g (more than 2 times); aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter by 30.7 thousand CFU/g (1.5 times). Thus, the most responsive to the introduction of phosphogypsum and fertilizers microorganisms that convert mineral and organic nitrogen compounds.

scholarly journals Influence of superabsorbent polymers on the chemical composition of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and biological activity in the soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Mikiciuk ◽  
Małgorzata Mikiciuk ◽  
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Abstract By improving the air and water properties of soils, superabsorbent polymers can affect the increase and improvement of the quality of the yield of berry plants, including strawberries. Their presence in the soil has an influence on its biological activity as related to microorganisms. The aim of the research was to assess the influence of superabsorbent polymers added to the soil on the content of macroelements and sodium in the leaves and fruit of strawberry of the ‘Elsanta’ cultivar and changes in the number of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. The superabsorbent polymer (AgroHydroGel) was used in two doses: 1.8 and 3.6 g dm-3 of soil. The content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium was assessed using the ASA method, while the content of nitrogen and sulphur was assessed by the elemental analysis method (CHNS analyser). The number of microorganisms was assessed with a BacTrac analyser and the coefficient of microorganism development extent (SR) was also determined. AgroHydroGel increased the content of nitrogen and potassium in leaves and fruit but did not affect the content of phosphorus, sulphur and sodium. The addition of the superabsorbent at a dose of 3.6 g dm-3 of soil reduced the magnesium content both in the leaves and fruit of the strawberry. AgroHydroGel decreased the content of calcium in the fruit. The use of AgroHydroGel contributed to the expansion of the K ion ratio to other ions, both in the leaves and fruits. We observed a significant increase in the amount of soil bacteria (1.8 g dm-3 dose) and no significant influence on actinomycetes and fungi (irrespective of dose used).

Regularity of formation of microbial communities in spontaneously renewabl meadows biogeocoenosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
I.M. Malinovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms

Investigated direction and intensity of microbiological processes in gray forest soils of varying duration as compared to extensive and intensive ahrozemamy. It has been established that the number of microorganisms of certain ecological trophic and functional groups in the ground of the foreground changes with the time of its stay in the state of reflux. The largest number of microorganisms is characterized by microbial grouping of long-term overeating: it contains more microorganisms in the nitrogen cycle and less microorganisms in the carbon cycle compared with fewer periods of shorter duration. The soil of a long-term overgrowth is characterized by the highest total biological activity, which exceeds the activity of the soil of the perehlava from 2000 by 72.9%, and from 2007 - by 48.8%. With the increase in the duration of the flood, the intensity of the organic matter development of the soil is reduced to 3.26 and 2.59 times for the revisions from 2000 and 1987, respectively; the processes of humus destruction considerably slow down: the activity of mineralization of humus in the soil of a perennial flood is lower than the corresponding indexes of revisions from 2000 and 2007 by 50,0 and 60,0%; the phytotoxicity of the soil decreases by 9.47%.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN PRIMARY SOIL AND GROUND UNDER THE ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE ON THE TERRITORY AROUND ANTARCTIC STATION “MIRNY”

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Kirtsideli ◽  
Sh. B. Teshebaev ◽  
D. Yu. Vlasov ◽  
Yu. K. Novozhilov ◽  
E. V. Abakumov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Anthropogenic Substrates ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Antarctic station “Mirny” was the first Russian (Soviet) polar station in Antarctica. The anthropogenic impact on the primary ground and soil in the area around of this polar station took place more than 60 years. This is reflected in both the chemical composition of the soil and microbial communities. The article shows multiple increasing of the number of bacteria and microscopic fungi in anthropogenic contaminated soils. Contamination of soil leads to changes of the structure of the microbial community. An increasing proportion of mesophilic bacteria isolates (90%) was shown. The increasing share spores and reduced the proportion of microscopic fungi mycelia were observed. Statistical analysis showed that we have identified almost all of the expected species that live in anthropogenic substrates (42 species), as well as in the control soils (17 species). But we identified only a part of fungal diversity in contaminated soils (32 species). The increase in the number of fungal species in the area of the polar station “Mirny” was proved to be connected with the human activity and introduction of new species. Native species of microscopic fungi were found to be able to colonize new materials previously unavailable to them. They also can be agents of active biodegradation of anthropogenic materials. Among fungal species isolated from anthropogenic contaminated soil and anthropogenic substrates more than 80% can be attributed to opportunistic organisms. Therefore the total number of microorganisms (CFU), the structure of the microbial complexes, the species composition of communities, indicator species, morphology and volume of biomass can be considered as an index of changes in soil microbial complexes and primary soils

scholarly journals The Variability of the Concentration of Bioaerosols Above the Chambers of Biological Wastewater Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Michałkiewicz ◽  
Izabela Kruszelnicka ◽  
Małgorzata Widomska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacteria ◽  
Emission Ratio ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms

Abstract The article presents the results of research over microorganisms (psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria and microscopic fungi) found in wastewater in denitrification and nitrification chambers and specifies the proportion of these microorganisms in bioaerosol at various levels above wastewater level (20, 50 and 100 cm). In the denitrification chamber (anoxic) in 1 cm3 of sewage there were on average 30.35 · 106 CFU of mesophilic bacteria, 72.88 · 106 CFU of psychrophilic bacteria, and 37.3 · 105 CFU of microscopic fungi. In the nitrification chamber, where the oxygen concentration ranged from 0.37 to 2.32 mg O2·dm−3 of wastewater, the number of microorganisms was lower. In 1 cm3 of wastewater there were on average 20.2 · 106 CFU of mesophilic bacteria, 51.76 · 106 CFU of psychrophilic bacteria, and 15.22 · 105 CFU of microscopic fungi. In sewage bioaerosols above these chambers, higher numbers of psychrophilic bacteria than mesophilic ones and microscopic fungi were reported. At the same time differences in the number of microorganisms at different heights above the surface of wastewater could be observed in bioaerosol, as well as between the chambers of the bioreactor. It was found that most frequently the amount of microorganisms decreased with height. The percentage emission ratio (ER) of microorganisms in bioaerosols coming from wastewater accounted for only a fraction of a percent and ranged from 1.13 · 10−8 % (microscopic fungi over the denitrification chamber) to 24.53 · 10−9 % (psychrophilic bacteria over the denitrification chamber). It was found that the process of mixing, aeration of wastewater, have an effect on the emission of microorganisms.

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