scholarly journals VARIATION IN GROWTH AMONG NINE BOSNIAN HERZEGOVINIAN PROVENANCES OF SILVER FIR (Abies alba Mill)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ćemal Višnjić ◽  
Besim Balić ◽  
Velid Halilović ◽  
Fuad Šehić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Yield Class ◽  
The Mean

UDK: 630*232:582.475(497.6) Provenance experiments with forest trees provide valuable information about the growth and adaptability of population, often transferred from remote geographical regions and various climate conditions. This study researches the growth of nine provenances of silver fir from the area of its natural distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The experiment was established in the year 1991 in the form of a random block system with 5 repetitions. For planting, we used five-year-old seedlings (2/3), and planting spacing was 2x2 m. Each Silver fir provenance was included with 320 plants. Measurement results in the 28th year of age show the existence of variations between silver fir provenances in characteristics; mean height, mean diameter and average tree volume. Silver fir provenance from Bosanski Petrovac showed the best results. The mean height of this Silver fir provenance at the age of 28 was 9.1 m, while the mean diameter was 11.9 cm. Provenances that show the lowest growth (8.1 m) were from Pale, Olovo-Klis and Konjic. Silver fir provenance from Konjic has the lowest mean diameter (10.7 cm). In all provenances, we have had a culmination of height increment in age between 20 and 25 years. Variation between tested silver fir provenances for examined characteristic “mean height” was larger (four groups of population) compared to examined characteristic “mean diameter” (two groups of population). Volume of mean tree (0.062m3) and assortment (111.33 m3/ha) in Bosanski Petrovac provenance was larger than spreadsheet values for the first yield class for Central Europe conditions. The trial shows that silver fir in Bosnia and Herzegovina is variable on the local level due to specific micro-habitual conditions in which it grows.

scholarly journals Modelling Bark Thickness of Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Jusuf Musić ◽  
Velid Halilović ◽  
Jelena Knežević ◽  
Admir Avdagić ◽  
Aida Ibrahimspahić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Actual Method

Background and Purpose: Bark thickness and its share in the volume of roundwood are the most important characteristics of the bark, particularly in the process of timber harvesting, and during scaling of processed logs. Therefore it is very important to have at disposal relatively accurate data regarding these characteristics of bark for particular tree species. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the thickness of the bark and its share in the volume of roundwood of Norway spruce. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in the area of the Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and it encompassed 393 trees of Norway spruce from 10 cm to 115 cm of thickness at breast height. Measuring of the mean diameter and double thickness of bark was conducted by section method. In total, 4,647 diameters and bark thicknesses were measured in different relative lengths of stems or in average 10.6 measurements per one stem. Results: As an optimal model for the evaluation of double thickness of the bark of Norway spruce depending on mean diameter of roundwood the function with designated determination coefficient of 0.7142 was selected. The obtained results have confirmed the previously defined relations of investigate characteristics, which are as following: a) with the increase of mean diameter of roundwood (section) double bark thickness is increased from 9.26 mm (thickness class 12.5 cm) to 31.65 mm (thickness class 92.5 cm); b) with the increase of mean diameter of roundwood the share of bark in its volume decreased from 14.26% (thickness class 12.5 cm) to 6.73% (thickness class 92.5 cm). Conclusions: By the actual method of estimating bark thickness or the share of bark in the volume of roundwood of Norway spruce in the forestry of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina a significant error was created which increases with the increase of mean diameter. The obtained results point to the necessity of investigation of these bark characteristics in Bosnia and Herzegovina and represent an inevitable starting point for making adequate tables of bark thickness and its percentage share in the volume of roundwood of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Wood quality and value production in mixed fir-spruce-beech stands: long-term research in the Western Carpathians

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Petráš ◽  
Julián Mecko ◽  
Michal Bošeľa ◽  
Vladimír Šebeň
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Value Production

Abstract Stem quality and damage was evaluated in mixed spruce-fir-beech stands. Moreover, an assortments structure was determined with their financial value. Results were compared with pure spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands. Repeated measurements on 31 long-term research plots, stand assortment models, assortment yield models and value yield models were used. Stem quality of fir and spruce was only slightly lower in mixed stands compared to pure stands but beech stem quality was considerably worse in mixed stands. Fir and spruce had slightly lower proportions of better IIIA quality logs and higher proportions of IIIB quality in mixed stands. Beech had worse assortment structure than spruce and fir, in general. Pure beech stands had higher proportions of better I–IIIA quality assortments than mixed stands by 1–7%. Fir and spruce average value production (€ m−3) culminated at about 56 and 62 cm mean diameters. Almost the same value production was found in pure stands. In these stands it culminated at the mean diameter of 58 and 60 cm. Beech produced substantially less value on the same sites. In mixed stands, its value production culminated at the mean diameter of 40 cm. In pure stands, it culminated at the mean diameter of 36 cm. Although the production was found to be similar in both mixed and pure forests, higher damage intensity and less stem quality in mixed forests suggest that the pure forests can be more profitable.

scholarly journals Growth response of mixed beech forests to climate change, various management and game pressure in Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 331-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Anna Prokůpková ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Daniel Bulušek ◽  
Václav Šimůnek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Great Density ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Browsing Damage

The growth, structure and production of mixed beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests were analysed  in the Broumovsko Protected Landscape Area, Czech Republic. The objective of the paper was to evaluate stand structure, timber production and dynamics of forests with historically different silvicultural practices in relation to climate conditions, management and game damage. The results indicate that scree forests (coppices and coppices with standards) were stands with high-rich species diversity and structure compared to herb-rich beech forests (high forests) with higher timber production. The Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was the most sensitive tree species compared to low growth variability in European beech. The climate factors had the highest effect on radial growth from June to August. Natural regeneration showed great density potential (13,880–186,462 recruits·ha<sup>–1</sup>), especially in expansion of maples and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). However, recruits were seriously limiting by damage caused by hoofed game, especially in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.; 53% browsing damage), wych elm (Ulmus glabra Hudson; 51%) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.; 50%).

scholarly journals Toward a definition of the range of variability of central European mixed Fagus–Abies–Picea forests: the nearly steady-state forest of Lom (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1871-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Motta ◽  
Roberta Berretti ◽  
Daniele Castagneri ◽  
Vojislav Dukić ◽  
Matteo Garbarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
European Beech ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Permanent Plot ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Gap Size

Knowledge on the range of variability of montane European forests is hampered by limited data on the natural disturbance regime and by the small size of old-growth remnants. We studied the mixed Fagus – Abies – Picea Lom forest reserve (55.8 ha) in Bosnia and Herzegovina at three different scales: a grid of 40 sampling points to describe the structural characteristics and their range of variability, three transects to analyse gap size and gap fraction, and a 1.1 ha permanent plot to reconstruct age structure and disturbance history. The forest is characterized by a high volume of living trees (763 m3·ha–1 in the 55.8 ha core area and 1160 m3·ha–1 in the permanent plot) and of coarse woody debris (327 and 383 m3·ha–1, respectively). The percentages of forest area in canopy and expanded gaps are 19% and 41%, respectively. The median canopy gap size is 76.9 m2 and ranges from 11.1 to 708.0 m2. There are large (up to 120 cm diameter at breast height) and very old trees (441, 432, and 416 years for silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.), respectively). During the last three centuries, the disturbance patterns have been characterized by single-tree or small group mortality. In central Europe, this forest is at the end of a gradient from forests characterized by intermediate disturbances to those where very small-scale processes predominate.

scholarly journals Cisovka - the relic population of Abies alba and its relationship to man-made silver-fir stands in Białowieża primeval forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mejnartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Genetic Pollution ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest ◽  
Relic Population

In Białowieża Primeval Forest, in 1823 Stanisław Górski discovered on the Cisovka Hag, a relic population of European silver-fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.). This population is isolated and most away, 120 km to the North-East, from the border of European-silver-fir distribution. Besides the natural population Cisovka, there are also man-made silver fir stands and clumps in the Polish and Belorussian part of Białowieża Primeval Forest. In the Polish part there are four such artificial stands. If the seed-producing silver-fir stands really originated from the Cisovka population, then they are a very valuable part of the declining population and an easy accessible seed source. However, if these populations were introduced to the Białowieża Primeval Forest, then they are a potential source of dangerous genetic pollution of the Cisovka population. The relationship of the genetic structure of the Cisovka population to man-made silver-fir-stands in Białowieża Forest was investigated with the help of 17 loci of 1 1 enzyme systems. Genetic diversity of Cisovka population is characterized by the smallest mean number of alleles per locus (<em>Mal</em>= 1.353, includes all loci studied and per polimorphic locus <em>Malp</em> = 2.00). In Cisovka population there is very low-grade of polimorphic loci (<em>Pp</em> = 11.765 with the mean 37.255 for all studied populations). Expected heterozygosity, He = 0.079 revealed very low-grade of genetic diversity in the population. The observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.123) was similar to this characterictic in other populations. A dendrogram based on Neis genetic distance coefficient (D) among 9 silver-fir populations was constructed. Cisovka in the UPGMA dendrogram is a distinct population separated from other ones by a very great genetic distance (D = 0.06). Also two man-made silver-fir (B I and 132) stands are separated from others. Only populations B3 and B4 are combined into one subgroup linked to the population Tomaszów Lubelski. Basing on the received results one should decide that all the four studied artificial stands were introduced to Białowieża Primeval Forest from beyond of this geographical regions. There is some reason to assume (on the GDH2 allele frequency) that man-made silver-stands in compartments 453Aa and 498Cg are of eastern provenance. It is rather certain that these stands are not of offspring of Cisovka populations.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Climatic Variables and Tree-Ring Width of Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Kozara National Park (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Jelena Subotić ◽  
Vojislav Dukić ◽  
Tatjana Popov ◽  
Goran Trbić ◽  
Zoran Maunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tree Ring Width

Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is the most common conifer species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper describes the development of a silver fir master tree-ring chronology from Kozara National Park and analyzes the influence of the climate conditions on tree-ring widths. The knowledge concerning the effect of climate on cambium activity and, as a result, on tree growth is of great importance for silviculture, which is particularly complex in terms of deterioration of health condition. Four sites were selected for sampling at Kozara National Park. At each sampling site, 15 dominant trees were drilled with Pressler’s increment borer at breast height. The development of chronology included three steps: i) cross-dating of a series of tree-ring width and checking of their quality using the COFECHA program, ii) data standardization in the ARSTAN program, and iii) master chronology development. Correlation analysis was performed in order to determine the links between tree-ring width and climate (primarily temperature and precipitation). In the 88-year-long master chronology, pointer years analysis identified five positive and nine negative years. Correlation analysis revealed that precipitation had stronger and more significant impact on silver fir radial growth, particularly at the beginning of the growing season, in April and May (r=0.175 and r=0.318, respectively), and in the crucial July−September period (r in the range of 0.143−0.222). The highest negative correlation coefficient with temperature was determined for September of the previous year (r=-0.282) and then for summer months (July and August) of the current year (r=-0.184 and r=-0.272, respectively). In addition, statistically significant correlation between radial growth and the Forestry Aridity Index was determined (r=-0.390). The results of tree-ring width climate analysis obtained in this study are in accordance with other studies carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the surrounding area.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) preserved in the Katowice Forest District

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Masternak ◽  
Barbara Niebrzydowska ◽  
Katarzyna Głębocka
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Insect Outbreaks ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Forest District

Abstract Environmental pollution greatly decreases a tree’s health and results in dieback of forest stands. Owing to increasing industrial activity in the 20th century, silver fir became almost totally extinct in the Katowice Forest District. Only 19 individuals have survived to this day. The aim of the present study is to analyse growth characteristics and polymorphisms of 25 inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) of the preserved trees. The mean height of the inventoried silver firs was 19 m with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 29 cm. Flowers were observed on few trees only. However, all trees were of high vitality without signs of fungal pathogen infections or insect outbreaks. Parameters of genetic variability, including mean effective number of alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity, were higher than that described in the literature so far and they amounted to 1.659 and 0.396, respectively.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of Abies alba Mill. in Polish part of Sudety Mts.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lewandowski ◽  
Maciej Filipiak ◽  
Jarosław Burczyk
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Allozyme Polymorphism ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Two Populations

The genetic structure of silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.) was investigated among 8 populations from Sudety Mts. and 2 additional populations from other parts of Poland. Nine enzyme systems controlled by 13 allozyme loci were analyzed using starch gel electrophoresis. The mean expected heterozygosity, ranging from 0.06 to 0.11 and was lower compared to that found in other conifers. The mean genetic distance among all silver fir populations was 0.005. The Sudeten group of populations appeared to be genetically different from the two populations from other parts of Poland, indicating that at least two different centers are responsible for the current distribution of allozyme polymorphism in the tested populations.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Serbia using SSR markers

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Popovic ◽  
Aleksandar Lucic ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Branislav Cvjetkovic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Future Strategy ◽  
The Mean

The paper presents the results of the analysis of genetic variability of eight populations of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Serbia obtained using SSR markers. The genomic DNA was isolated from tissue of needles of all eight populations. Due to the costly and lengthy process a small number of the SSR markers for Abies alba have been developed, so in this study were used the microsatellite markers of related species. The obtained results indicate a low level of the genetic variability between natural populations of silver fir. The total number of alleles detected with nine SSR markers in eight studied populations of silver fir is 28. The range of alleles varies from two for NFF15 to six for SF78 with an average of 3.1 alleles per locus. The mean value of genetic similarity between populations is 0.92. The smallest genetic similarity between pairs of populations is 0.82 (Dubocica Bare and Stara Planina; Dubocica Bare and Tara) and the greatest genetic similarity is 1 (Zlatar and Stara Planina, Zlatar and Tara, Stara Planina and Tara). A basic insight into the level of genetic diversity of natural populations of silver fir in Serbia, which are located in a relatively small area, has been given using a set of SSR markers. The obtained results can be used in the future strategy for the management and regeneration of silver fir forests.

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