Effects of lactation number, milk yield and milk composition on freezing point of milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows

The combination of milking combined with restricted suckling is a common production system (dual purpose) in many countries. In a previous study (Boden and Leaver, 1994, Animal production 58, 463-464 Abstr.), Holstein Friesian cows milked once daily, and restricted suckled produced 0.56 of the saleable milk of conventional twice daily milked cows. Restricted suckling substantially reduced milk fat and increased milk protein contents. In this study, a range of milking and suckling patterns were examined.

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Factors affecting the freezing point of milk from Polish Holstein-Friesian cows

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.1515/aoas-2016-0088 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 873-885 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur ◽

Ewa Ptak ◽

Agnieszka Grzesiak

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Herd Size ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Friesian Cows

Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of lactation number, month of milk sampling, lactation stage and herd size on the freezing point of milk of Polish Holstein‑Friesian cows. Data comprised 4,719,787 milk samples from the first seven lactations of 752,770 Polish Holstein- Friesian cows. Milk freezing point (MFP), milk yield, and fat and protein content were analyzed. The mean MFP of milk samples (-0.5326°C) as well as more than 92% of all milk samples did not exceed the quality limit for the freezing point of cows′ raw milk, which, following Polish standards, was taken to be -0.52°C. The freezing point of milk samples, milk yield, fat and protein content were highly significantly affected by all examined factors: month of sampling, successive lactations, stage of lactation, and herd size. MFP was lowest in milk samples taken from January to March, and highest in samples from November to December. MFP increased with lactation number. Mean MFP decreased with time within lactation, except the first stage (5-35 days in milk). Generally, MFP was highest in small herds (up to 9 cows) and lowest in large herds (more than 150 cows).

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Effect of restricted suckling patterns on milk yield, milk composition and calf performance

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600029160 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 ◽

pp. 150-150

Author(s):

C. Sandoval ◽

J.D. Leaver

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Production System ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Once Daily ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Calf Performance ◽

Friesian Cows

The combination of milking combined with restricted suckling is a common production system (dual purpose) in many countries. In a previous study (Boden and Leaver, 1994, Animal production 58, 463-464 Abstr.), Holstein Friesian cows milked once daily, and restricted suckled produced 0.56 of the saleable milk of conventional twice daily milked cows. Restricted suckling substantially reduced milk fat and increased milk protein contents. In this study, a range of milking and suckling patterns were examined.

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Responses in milk yield from feeding grain and meat-and-bone meal to cows grazing tropical pastures

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9910159 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

TM Davison ◽

D Williams ◽

WN Orr ◽

AT Lisle

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Linear Response ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Tropical Pastures ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Friesian Cows

An experiment was conducted with 36 Holstein-Friesian cows to determine the effect on milk yield and milk composition of feeding maize grain with or without meat-and-bone meal (MBM) at high levels of pasture on offer. Cows were offered ground maize with and without MBM to give supplements of 3.0, 5.5 and 8.0 kg DM/day at 16% or 10% crude protein. Animals grazed nitrogen-fertilised tropical grass and grass-legume pastures. Milk production was recorded over a 300-day lactation. Milk yields over 300 days at 3.0, 5.5 and 8.0 kg DM/day averaged 5435, 5605 and 5882 kg/cow, respectively. For milk yields over both 100 and 300 days, a linear response to grain supplement occurred. This represented 0.22 kg milk/kg DM (P<0.05) for the first 100 days, and 0.30 kg milk/kg DM (P=0.087) over the 300-day lactation. Cows receiving MBM tended to lose less (P=0.068) liveweight in the period 1-100 days and to gain more (P=0.054) between 100 and 300 days than cows without MBM. Milk yields across treatments for cows fed with and without MBM averaged 2143 and 2061 kg/cow (P>0.05) for days 1-100, and 5668 and 5614 kg/cow (P>0.05) for days 1-300 of lactation.

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The influence of shade on milk production of Holstein-Friesian cows in a tropical upland environment

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9880149 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 149 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

TM Davison ◽

BA Silver ◽

AT Lisle ◽

WN Orr

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Fat Yield ◽

Daily Milk ◽

Friesian Cows

Sixteen Holstein-Friesian animals, comprising 8 multiparous cows and 8 first-lactation heifers, were divided into 2 equal groups which had access to either tree shade or no shade. All animals were in the first third of lactation and were subjected to treatment for 8 weeks in summer 1985. Average maximum monthly temperatures ranged from 26.2 to 28.22� over the experimental period. The provision of shade increased (P< 0.01) milk yield; however, there was a significant (P<0.05) interaction between response to shade and cow parity. Mean daily milk yields for multiparous cows were 19.2 and 17.2 kg/cow (P< 0.01) and 16.3 and 15.9 kg/cow (P> 0.05) for heifers in the shade and no shade groups respectively. Cows without shade incurred a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in solids-not fat yield, lactose percentage and lactose yield, and a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in somatic cell count. The composition of milk from heifers without shade was no different from that from heifers with shade. Rectal temperature was higher (P < 0.01) in animals without shade (mean 40.0�C) than in animals with shade (mean 39.4�C). The highest mean maximum rectal temperature of 41.6�C was recorded in the noshade group. It was concluded that shade is essential if milk yield and milk composition are to be maximised in this environment.

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Relationship Between Content of Ketone Bodies in Milk and Milk Freezing Point of Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows in Early Lactation

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 693-707

Author(s):

Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur ◽

Ewa Ptak ◽

Zygmunt Kowalski ◽

Marta Sabatowicz

Keyword(s):

Ketone Bodies ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Cattle Breeders ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

The Relationship ◽

Friesian Cows

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), acetone (ACE) as well as parity and lactation stage and milk freezing point (MFP) in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in early lactation. Additionally, we studied the relationship between milk ketone bodies and daily milk yield (DMY), fat (MF) and protein (MP) content in milk. The data obtained from the Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers, comprised 749,894 test day milk samples, collected between 6 and 60 days in milk (DIM) from 521,049 lactations of 514,066 cows. Milk BHB and ACE were determined using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technology. Four classes of parities were created: first, second, third, and fourth to seventh and two classes of lactation stage: 5–21 and 22–60 DIM. BHB was grouped into five classes: ≤0.05, 0.06–0.10, 0.11–0.20, 0.21–0.50 and >0.50 mmol/L, and ACE was also classified into five classes: ≤0.05, 0.06–0.10, 0.11–0.15, 0.16–0.30 and >0.30 mmol/L. Data on MFP, DMY, and MF and MP content were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and a linear model in which effects of parity, lactation stage, BHB and ACE classes were included, together with interactions between lactation stage and BHB classes, parity and BHB classes, lactation stage and ACE classes, and parity and ACE classes. The differences among parity, lactation stages, BHB and ACE classes in MFP, DMY, MF and MP were highly significant. There was a clear tendency for decreasing of MFP with increasing of BHB. Such a trend did not occur in case of ACE. DMY and MP decreased and MF increased with increasing BHB or ACE. In conclusion, since MFP can be measured relatively easily and is well related to milk BHB content, it may be used in the prediction of diagnostic models of ketosis based on milk composition.

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Associations between Mammary Gland Echotexture and Milk Composition in Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2005

Author(s):

Tomasz Schwarz ◽

Nelia Scheeres ◽

Martyna M. Małopolska ◽

Maciej Murawski ◽

Tristan D. Agustin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Freezing Point Depression ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Citric Acid Content ◽

Friesian Cows

Thirty clinically healthy Holstein-Friesian cows underwent twice daily machine milking and ultrasonographic examinations of the udder just prior to and after milking. Digital ultrasonographic images of each udder quarter were subjected to computer-assisted echotextural analyses to obtain mean numerical pixel values (NPVs) and pixel heterogeneity (PSD) of the mammary gland parenchyma. The average milk yield and pH were higher (p < 0.05) in the morning, whereas crude fat, total solids, solids non-fat and citric acid content were higher (p < 0.05) during the evening milking period. Mean NPVs and PSDs of the mammary gland parenchyma were greater (p < 0.05) after than before milking. There were significant correlations among echotextural characteristics of the udder and protein percentage, lactose content and freezing point depression determined in the milk samples collected in the morning and crude protein, casein, lactose and solids non-fat in the evening. Our results can be interpreted to suggest that computerized analysis of the mammary gland ultrasonograms has the makings of a technique for estimating non-fat milk constituents in cows. However, future validating studies are necessary before this method can be employed in commercial settings and research. Moreover, significant inter-quarter differences in udder echogenicity may necessitate further echotextural studies of separate quarters.

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The effect of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of dairy cattle housed in straw yards

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200597609 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 108-108

Author(s):

J. A. Fregonesi ◽

J.D. Leaver

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Important Variable ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Ways Of Coping ◽

Yield Level ◽

Face Width ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Friesian Cows

Space allowance could be an important variable affecting production, health, reproductive performance and behaviour of dairy cattle. Also, high and low yielding cows may have different ways of coping with insufficient space allowance. The aim of this experiment was to study the influence of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of strawyard housed dairy cows.The experiment was carried out using 24 Holstein Friesian cows with two groups in early lactation of high (over 30 kg/day milk yield) and two groups in late lactation of low yield (under 25 kg/day milk yield). The groups were allocated to strawyard systems with low stocking density (bed area/cow = 9 m2; pen area/cow = 13.5 m2; feed face width/cow = 1.5 m) or high stocking density (bed area/cow = 4.5 m2; pen area/cow = 6.75 m2; feed face width/cow = 0.75m) conforming to a changeover design with two periods, each of four weeks. The cows were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum and 2kg/cow/day of concentrate in the milking parlour. All animals were milked twice daily.

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Effect of heat stress on milk production and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i2.29060 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 190-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmud Al Reyad ◽

Md Abid Hasan Sarker ◽

Md Elias Uddin ◽

Raihan Habib ◽

Md Harun Ur Rashid

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Mustard Oil ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this research was to observe the effect of heat stress on milk yield and milk compositions of Holstein Friesian crossbred (HF) dairy cows. To fulfill the objectives, a total of 9 Holstein Friesian crossbred cows were selected for this study. Green grasses (German, Para) were supplied adlibitum and concentrate feeds (mixture of wheat bran, rice polish, mustard oil cake, di-calcium phosphate and salt) were supplied at the rate of 2.0 kg/day/cow. Management practices for all the cows were similar following the BAU Dairy farm practices. Data were collected on milk yield (l/h/d), relative humidity (%) and barn temperature (0C). The obtained temperature humidity index (THI) of July, August, September and October were 84.95, 81.99, 81.40 and 79.57, respectively. The highest THI was found in July which indicated higher heat stress during this month. A significant difference (p<0.05) in milk yield of cows was found among different months of July to October. The highest milk yield (6.10±0.50 l/h/d) was found in October among observed months. The compositions of milk such as total solids (TS), solids-not-fat (SNF), fat, protein, lactose, and ash also differed significantly (p<0.01). The highest values (%) of TS, SNF, fat, protein, lactose and ash content of milk were found in October as 12.63, 8.80, 3.83, 3.69, 4.39 and 0.72, respectively and lowest values (%) were in July as 12.20, 8.50, 3.71, 3.50, 4.30 and 0.69, respectively due to the high THI value. From these results, it is concluded that heat stress has strong effect on milk yield and milk composition of HF cows in Bangladesh. Management strategies are needed to minimize heat stress and attain optimal dairy animal performance.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 190-195

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