scholarly journals The Effect of Income, Health, Education, and Social Capital on Happiness in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresia Puji Rahayu ◽  
Sonny Harry B. Harmadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Family Harmony

<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of income, health, education, and social capital on happiness in Indonesia. The data was taken from National Survey of Social Economic conducted by National Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia in 2012. Ordered probit model was used as estimation technique due to ordinal dependent variable and normal distribution of error assumption. The findings show happiness is affected by absolute income, physical perceived health status, mental health, medium and high level of education, trust in leader, participation on society’s activities, tolerance, and help for and from others. However relative income, gender, household head, junior high school, and trust to neighbors do not have significant effect on happiness. Easterlin paradox does not exist in Indonesia because income has positive impact on happiness. Satisfaction on works, financial, family harmony, and leisure time also have significant effect on happiness. Satisfaction on family harmony is the most important factor than others. From demographic variables, it was known that happiness is not different across gender, household head, and low education people. People who are married, live in urban areas, live outside Java and Bali islands, and have more children are found happier. Happiness-age relationship indicates U-shaped curve. Happiness tends to decrease over time until people reach 51 years old. For all three level of happiness, some predictors do not have significant marginal effect on happiness namely relative income, gender, low education level, and trust to neighbors. Meanwhile the variables of household head and number of infant are not robust. </span></p>

Effect of householder characteristics, production, sales and safety awareness on farmers’ choice of vegetable marketing channels in Beijing, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Zhang ◽  
Zetian Fu ◽  
Jieqiong Wang ◽  
Xiaolin Tang ◽  
Yousen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Farmers Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Farmer Decision Making

Purpose Farmers’ selection of vegetable marketing channels directly affects their income and is important to stable vegetable supply and food control. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the farmers’ selection behavior of vegetable marketing channels, and to determine the key factors which affected farmer’ decision making. Design/methodology/approach A total of 191 valid questionnaires were collected from 50 villages in seven main vegetable production districts in Beijing urban areas from September to December 2015, yielding a response rate of 86.8 percent. The multinomial logit model was used for analysis in this study. Findings The results revealed that the farmers mainly selected farmers’ market, cooperative, and wholesaler to sell their vegetables, which comprised 96.57 percent of total vegetable sales. Estimation results showed that cooperative, vegetable acreage, price satisfaction, and slow sales were most important factors which influence positively the probability of opting to sell vegetables at a cooperative rather than at the farmer’s market. For wholesalers, gender of the household head and cooperative had most significantly negative effect, and age had a positive impact on farmer’s choice of market channels. Originality/value The results and implications obtained in the present study could help policymakers to establish a scientific-based and reasonable policy to encourage vegetable producers to participate in the circulation of vegetables in Beijing and guarantee their income in vegetable supply chain. The suggestions of this study could also be used for the improvement of the vegetable sector in other cities facing similar issues.

scholarly journals Determinan Kebahagiaan Di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresia Puji Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Cross Section Data ◽  
Perceived Health Status ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Happiness Level

<p align="center"><em>The research objective is to analyse the determinants of happiness in Indonesia. Using cross-section data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 4, 2007, this study takes 17.650 observations which estimated using Oprobit model. The Oprobit model was chosen because of ordinaled response variable and the normal assumption in error distribution. The result shows that happiness in Indonesia positively affected by income, education level, perceived health status and social capital. But social capital that connected with religion and ethnic don’t have significant effect on happiness. All predictors are robust. Demographic characteristics inform that married people, non household head, live in urban area, outside of Jawa-Bali islands and Javanese were happier than others. There is no difference in happiness level between man and woman. Happiness-age relationship indicated U-shaped curve. Marginal effect shows different effect for every happiness level due to a unit change in independent variable.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penentu kebahagiaan di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data antar ruang/silang tempat dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 4, 2007, studi ini mengambil 17,650 pengamatan yang diestimasi menggunakan model Oprobit. Model Oprobit dipilih karena adanya variabel respon ordinal dan asumsi normal dalam distribusi kesalahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebahagiaan di Indonesia secara positif dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan, status kesehatan yang dirasakan dan modal sosial. Namun demikian, modal sosial yang berkaitan dengan agama dan etnis tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kebahagiaan. Semua prediktor bersifat robust. Karakteristik demografi menginformasikan bahwa orang yang menikah, bukan kepala rumah tangga, tinggal di daerah perkotaan, berada di luar pulau Jawa-Bali dan dari suku Jawa lebih bahagia daripada yang lain. Riset ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan dalam tingkat kebahagiaan antara pria dan wanita. Kemudian, hubungan antara kebahagiaan dan usia menunjukkan kurva yang berbentuk U. Terakhir, efek marjinal menunjukkan efek yang berbeda untuk setiap tingkat kebahagiaan karena perubahan unit variabel independen.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>

Standing on the shoulders of giantesses: how women technology founders use single and mixed gender networks for success and change

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Woodwark ◽  
Alison Wood ◽  
Karin Schnarr
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Leadership Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Networks ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Mixed Gender

PurposeBuilding on research about entrepreneurship and social capital, the purpose of this paper is to explore how women founders of technology-based ventures in Canada access and use formal external entrepreneurial networks to build their companies.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on 25 semi-structured interviews with women founders of technology firms and leaders of formal networks.FindingsThe authors demonstrate the positive impact of women only networks (WON) for founders including increasing entrepreneurial diversity, access to financing, and founder credibility and sponsorship. The authors show how women founders use mixed gender and WON to build their businesses and conclude that membership in WON can be a vital step.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size is small and most participants reside in highly urban areas, which may limit generalizability. Findings may not generalize beyond Canada due to cultural and structural differences.Practical implicationsThe research suggests that external WON should be encouraged as important resources for founder identity work which may enable positive change.Social implicationsThis research can assist in designing initiatives that support women entrepreneurs and promote gender parity.Originality/valueThe authors draw on research in women's leadership development to explain how WONs for entrepreneurs help founders create overlapping strategic networks – a unique form of social capital – and serve as identity workspaces for the identity work women founders must complete. The authors argue that the identity work in WONs can be a mechanism by which gender structures are challenged and eventually changed.

scholarly journals Human capital of school-age population in West Sumatera: measurement and determinant

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Firlan Firlan ◽  
Werry Darta Taifur ◽  
Indrawari Indrawari
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
School Age ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Human Capital Measurement

Information on human capital, especially for school- age population is still limited. Most of Indicators of human capital only consider the dimensions of education, while human capital is formed by various dimensions not only education. Recent human capital measurement is displayed in macro level so that difficult to analys in micro level. Based on recent condition of human capital information, this study aims to measure the human capital of the school-age population of 7-18 years old using the fuzzy set approach by considering several dimensions of human capital investment and analysis the determinant. The data source is from West Sumatera Socio-Economic Survey that held by National Bureau of Statistic in March 2017. Measurement human capital of 9,950 samples of school age population shows that urban areas have higher human capital than the rural areas. Internal factors, household and spouse characteristics such as income, parent education and occupation have impact in their children human capital. External factors such as subsidies and rural-urban development inequality also have impact and tend to be larger than internal factor. The strategy of increasing human capital under conditions of limited resources can be achieved by increasing the index of indicators which have greatest weight and also reducing development inequality between urban and rural areas. The other policy is to realize growth economic that have positive impact to entire society. In terms of methodology, this approach can be adapted to regional conditions, the development of theory and related research. Adjustments can be made at the stage of selecting investment indicators, data types and weight of indicator

Positive Impact of a Health Education Program on Students

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Wieneke ◽  
Ileana Gruia ◽  
Maureen Kenny ◽  
Michael R. Capawana
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Health Education Program

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Differences in Walking Time of Children and Adolescents to Public Green Spaces in Urban Areas—Results of the German Environmental Survey (2014–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Julia Rehling ◽  
Christiane Bunge ◽  
Julia Waldhauer ◽  
André Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Environmental Survey ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Public Green Space ◽  
Walking Time

Public green spaces have a high potential for a positive impact on people’s health and wellbeing, especially in urban areas. Studies on environmental justice indicate socially unequal access possibilities to urban green spaces. This article presents results on associations between individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and walking time from home to public green spaces in young people living in urban areas with more than 20,000 inhabitants in Germany. Data were derived from the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014–2017 (GerES V), the environmental module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2). The sample comprises 1149 participants aged 3 to 17 years. A total of 51.5% of the participants reach a public green space on foot within five and 72.8% within ten minutes from home. The lower the participant’s SEP, the longer the walking time. Logistic regression models controlling for age group, sex, migration background, and region of residence show that participants with a low SEP have a significantly higher risk (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.99) of needing more than ten minutes to walk from home to a public green space than participants with a high SEP. GerES V data indicate that young people living in urban areas in Germany do not equally benefit from the health-promoting potential of green spaces, which is an important aspect of environmental health inequalities.

scholarly journals Addressing migrants’ well-being during COVID-19: An analysis of Chinese communities’ heritage language schools in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Educational Programmes

Abstract The coronavirus pandemic and the ensuing lockdown affected social life in every regard. In critical times, the well-being of vulnerable groups is often at stake. Migrants represent a case in point because language barriers and the lack of social networks impede their seeking help from public institutions and information access. In migration policy and research, current attention overwhelmingly focusses on COVID-19’s impact on travel restrictions and healthcare. This article contributes a new perspective by demonstrating how migrants’ well-being needs (understood as emotions and sense of achievement) in education during the COVID-19-induced school closure were addressed by community educational organisations. Focussing on the Chinese community in Germany, data were collected in Chinese heritage language (CHL) schools from three urban areas. This article argues that CHL schools’ reaction to public schools’ closure had a positive impact on their members’ well-being. Such organisations achieved this by expanding their educational programmes during and after the lockdown. These measures ensured continuity in migrant children’s education beyond the realm of heritage language instruction, while enabling migrant parents to seek employment as the economy reopened. Overall, the results of this study underscore the potential of community organisations’ educational programmes in maintaining migrants’ well-being, especially in trying times.

The Floating Village: Fostering Social Capital in Chinese Migrant Settlements through Mobile Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vincent Woon
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Communal Area ◽  
Communal Space ◽  
Cultural Origins

<p>In the past two decades, China has realised one of the fastest and largest rural to urban migrations in the world. The country’s urban population has increased by 20% over the last 20 years due to rapid urbanisation and a drastic improvement in urban opportunities. It is projected that by the year 2020 China aims to house 60% of its population in urban areas, resulting in a population shift of over 100 million people. One of the major issues which is presented to rural migrants is the hukou system. Hukou acts as a domestic passport which prevents rural migrants from attaining social benefits within urban areas. This has created an underclass within China’s urban areas known as the “floating population”.  This thesis focuses on the architecture of the “floating villages” of China which accommodate this floating population. The floating village is an informal settlement of migrant workers which develops around construction sites. The village provides services such as food, entertainment, medical care and recycling to the construction workers., However, as a pseudo-urban typology accommodating many of the functions of a town, it lacks one important element: a focused communal area. The absence of deliberately designed a communal space has led to social tensions within the floating village due to the different cultural origins of the migrant workers. Migrant workers arrive in floating villages without knowledge of urban culture and with no communal support. Varying migrant accents, and traditions, alongside struggles with poverty, creates friction between workers.  This thesis proposes a temporary and portable architectural intervention within the floating village which fosters a positive community. The research of community design is explored through an architecturalisation of Dr Robert D. Putnam’s understanding of social capital.</p>

The geographies of corruption in Nigeria: understanding the patterns and correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Adeleke ◽  
Opeyemi Alabede ◽  
Tolulope Osayomi ◽  
Ayodeji Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
State Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Market Size ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domestic Debt

Purpose Globally, corruption has been identified as a major problem. Even though corruption is widespread, it varies in magnitude, types and consequences. In Nigeria, corruption is endemic, and it is responsible for the many socioeconomic problems in the country. Hence, the study aims to determine the patterns and state level correlations of corruption in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics and other official sources and were analyzed with Global Moran’s I, Local Moran’s I and multivariate step-wise regression. Findings This study’s findings revealed significant clustering of corruption in the country with Rivers States as the only hotspot (I = 0.068; z = 2.524; p < 0.05), while domestic debt and market size were the state level significant predictors. Research limitations/implications Only bribery as a form of corruption was examined in this study, more studies are needed on the predictors of other forms of corruption. Practical implications This study recommends increased market competition through investment grants, subsidies and tax incentives to facilitate trade interactions among Nigerians, which can lead to exchange of cultural norms that discourage corruption. It is also advocated that domestic debt must be effectively and efficiently channelled towards economic development which in the long run will have a positive impact on the socio-economic well-being of the citizens as well as drive down corrupt practices. Originality/value Although the causes of corruption have received considerable attention in the literature, little is known on the geographical distribution and the effect of market size and domestic debt on corruption in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Factors That Prevent Mosquito-Borne Diseases among Migrant Workers in Taiwan: Application of the Health Belief Model in a Church-Based Health Promotion Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Yu-Shan Tai ◽  
Hao-Jan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Preventive Practices

Background: Southeast Asian countries have long been considered epidemic areas for mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs), and most imported cases of infectious diseases in Taiwan are from these areas. Taiwanese migrant workers are mainly of Southeast Asian nationality, and of these, 22% are Filipino. Migrant workers’ knowledge of MBDs and self-protection behaviors are beneficial to disease prevention and treatment. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of a health education intervention (HEI) for Filipino migrant workers in Taiwan and explores the factors affecting preventive practices. Methods: The study was conducted between May to September 2018. Participants were recruited from two Catholic churches in Taichung City. A professional delivered a 30 min HEI in person, and a structured questionnaire was used to acquire and assess participants’ knowledge, health beliefs, and preventive behaviors for MBDs before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 291 participants were recruited. The intervention program showed a positive impact on the migrant worker’s knowledge and the perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and preventive practices. Knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived barriers were factors influencing preventive practices in Filipino migrant workers. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that we can direct our efforts towards three areas: improving foreign migrant workers’ awareness of diseases, emphasizing the severity of the disease, and eliminating possible hindrances in the future. As one example, migrant workers could be proactively provided with routine medical examinations and multilingual health education lectures to improve knowledge and preventive practices to contain the spread MBDs.

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