scholarly journals Protected Area Versus People Conflict and a Co-Management Programme: A Case Study from the Dhudpukuria-Dhopachari Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
A. H. M. Raihan Sarker ◽  
Amir Hossen ◽  
Ma Suza ◽  
Eivin Roskaft
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Almost All

Conflicts over the conservation of natural resources at the community level occur in different forms and at various levels of severity. These conflicts can be defined as situations in which the allocation, management or use of natural resources results in attacks on human rights or denial of access to natural resources to an extent that considerably diminishes human welfare. However, the conflict between the authorities of the Dhudpukuria-Dhopachari Wildlife Sanctuary (DDWS) and local people over wildlife conservation is one of the most serious conservation issues in Chittagong region of Bangladesh. The DDWS is managed under a co-management programme, but there are many questions that have already been asked about the success of co-management in the study area. A total of 195 standardized, structured and semi-structured questionnaires were administered randomly to villagers. The majority of respondents reported that they did not receive any potential benefit from the DDWS, and almost one-third of respondents reported that they had problems with the DDWS. Almost all respondents reported that they were unable to control the damage caused by wildlife. More than 80% of respondents reported that the co-management approach was not effective in mitigating conflict between people and protected areas. More than 45% of the participants in co-management program reported greater effectiveness of the co-management approach than non-participants. Moreover, the respondents who received more benefits from the Protected Areas (PA) reported more effectiveness of the co-management approach than those who received less or no benefits from the protected area. Integration of local knowledge and preferences into the co-management process will ensure the sustainability of the co-management programme by minimizing the conflict between people and protected areas.

scholarly journals Efforts towards the Management of Lake Lanao and its Watershed

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelita O. Garcia-Hansel ◽  
Ephrime B. Metillo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Management Board ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Food And Agriculture

Lake Lanao and its watershed are paramount resources not only to the island of Mindanao where they are located, but to the country in broader terms. The sustainability of their biodiversity and hydrological services requires a rational and appropriate management program. This paper reviews the historical various management efforts directed towards the Lake and its watershed up to the present. Since 1953 various Presidential Decrees have provided the management framework on the use of the resource under the leadership of the National Power Corporation. In 1992 following Presidential Proclamation 871 establishing the Lake Lanao Watershed Reserve, Memorandum Order No. 421 created a Lake Lanao Watershed Protection and Development Council (LLWPDC) to be headed by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Various management plans had been formulated and some projects initiated such as the LLWPDC’s Integrated Development Plan, the Food and Agriculture Organization Environmental Management Plan, a USAID-EcoGov pilot project on Forest Land Use Planning, and an Asian Development Bank Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Project. However, these have either not been implemented nor completed due to budgetary constraints and/or political circumstances. In January 2011, an interim Protected Area Management Board was organized inasmuch as under the NIPAS Act of 1992, proclaimed watershed reserves are an initial component of NIPAS. However, it requires a Protected Area Suitability Assessment before it can be legislated as a Protected Area; such assessment was completed in February 2012. Most recently, Senator Loren Legarda authored a bill entitled The Lake Lanao Development Authority akin to the Laguna Lake Development Authority, still waiting for congressional action. At present, there are various management issues and concerns, a major one being hydropower generation vis-à-vis the traditional domestic use of the Maranaos, the “people of the lake,” whose unique socio-cultural traits demand attention. Moreover, a number of environmental degradation issues (e.g. lake water greening, E. coli contamination, deforestation, siltation, invasive species, flooding) have been raised. These critical issues and concerns signal the immediate implementation of a participatory management approach involving users, planners and policy-makers at all levels.

scholarly journals Providing more protected space for tigers Panthera tigris: a landscape conservation approach in the Western Ghats, southern India

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Gubbi ◽  
Kaushik Mukherjee ◽  
M.H. Swaminath ◽  
H.C. Poornesha
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
Indian State

AbstractConservation of large carnivores is challenging as they face various threats, including habitat loss and fragmentation. One of the current challenges to tiger Panthera tigris conservation in India is the conversion of habitat to uses that are incompatible with conservation of the species. Bringing more tiger habitat within a protected area system and in the process creating a network of connected protected areas will deliver dual benefits of wildlife conservation and protection of watersheds. Focusing on the southern Indian state of Karnataka, which holds one of the largest contiguous tiger populations, we attempted to address this challenge using a conservation planning technique that considers ecological, social and political factors. This approach yielded several conservation successes, including an expansion of the protected area network by 2,385 km2, connection of 23 protected areas, and the creation of three complexes of protected areas, increasing the protected area network in Karnataka from 3.8 to 5.2% of the state's land area. This represents the largest expansion of protected areas in India since the 1970s. Such productive partnerships between government officials and conservationists highlight the importance of complementary roles in conservation planning and implementation.

scholarly journals Nature protection across countries: Do size and power matter?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Baldi
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
The Face ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Limited Spectrum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Growth

AbstractProtected areas are one of the most effective tools for nature conservation. Consequently, almost all countries have agreed to set increasingly demanding goals for the expansion of their protected area systems. However, there is a large disparity among countries, and research on the cultural drivers of differences remains quite unexplored. Here, we explore the relationship between protected extent and a limited spectrum of socio-economic characteristics, making focus on size and power features. Protected areas under strict conservation categories (I to IV, IUCN) were considered for 195 countries, and relationships were modeled by means of LOESS regressions, violin plots, and a random forest ensemble learning method. Larger and more powerful countries (in terms of land area, gross domestic product, or military expenditure) protect less and in relatively smaller units than smaller and less powerful countries. Out of the twenty most extensive countries of the world, only two exceed 10% of protection. This situation is problematic since an effective growth of the global protected area network depends on the willingness of larger and more powerful countries. We propose different hypotheses a posteriori that explain the role of size and power driving protection. These hypotheses involve direct mechanisms (e.g., the persuasive capacity of large countries) or mechanisms that mediate the interactions of some others (e.g., tourism contribution to GDP and insularity). Independently of mechanisms, our results emphasize the conservation responsibilities of large and powerful countries and contribute to envision conservation scenarios in the face of changes in the number and size of countries.

PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Abdulaziz ◽  
Foziah Johar ◽  
Mohammad Rafee Majid ◽  
Nasiru Idris Medugu
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
International Union ◽  
Hybrid Framework ◽  
Area Management

Nigeria like other countries has experienced rapid increase in number and sizes of protected areas in the last century. As a result, a number of policies, agencies and departments were established to ensure proper protection and management of these areas. To ensure management effectiveness, frequent evaluation is necessary. This paper is a review of relevant literatures on protected area management effectiveness and collaboration in management. The findings of the review indicated that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) framework is the most widely used for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas. However, a limitation of the framework is its deficiency to integrate collaboration and motivation. These factors play vital roles in effective management of protected areas through promoting wildlife conservation particularly in developing world. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid framework for evaluating protected area management effectiveness, consisting of the IUCN framework, collaboration and motivation to be used in subsequent assessment of protected areas. 

scholarly journals Seasonal Ranging Pattern of Asian Elephants in the Protected Area Landscape of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdul Motaleb ◽  
Mohammad Sultan Ahmed ◽  
Md. Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
M. Monirul H. Khan ◽  
Abdullah-Al Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Ranging Pattern

Abstract Background Seasonal ranging pattern of the Asian Elephants was assessed within two major Protected Areas, namely Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary and Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary situated in the southern Bangladesh, for the period between November 2016 and May 2018. The objective of this study was to see how do the elephants move across the Protected Area landscapes, what was the linkage between the water sources and elephant’s seasonal movement patterns and how does vegetation cover link to elephant movement. Methods The ranging pattern was analyzed using the elephant dung distribution data. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Water Index were estimated through satellite image analysis. Results Study clearly indicated that the ranging pattern of elephants fully depends on the vegetation and water sources. The areas where water sources and vegetation coverage were good, elephant movement was higher. The study identified few areas of these two Protected Areas where both vegetation coverage and water sources were visible and those areas as hot-spots for elephants. Conclusions The findings of this study can be used in conservation and management of elephants, particularly through the protection of preferred water sources and vegetation covered areas. In future these areas need to be protected and take proper management interventions.

scholarly journals Caracterización de los ecosistemas costeros al norte del Área Protegida de Recursos Manejados Península de Guanahacabibes, Cuba

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorka Cobián ◽  
Susana Perera ◽  
Alina Pérez ◽  
Susana Aguilar ◽  
Anmaris Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Conservation And Management

LaPenínsula de Guanahacabibes fue propuesta como Área Protegida de Recursos Manejados (APRM) en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Cuba. Para validar esta propuesta se realizó un estudio de caracterización al área, en el marco del proyecto “Aplicación de un enfoque regional al manejo de las áreas protegidas marinas y costeras en los archipiélagos del sur de Cuba”, con el objetivo de caracterizar los ecosistemas costeros y reafirmar que la ubicación y extensión diseñada del APRM responden a la protección de los principales valores naturales. Se evaluaron los manglares, las lagunas costeras y los pastos marinos, así como los sitios más importantes para las comunidades de aves marinas y acuáticas y las poblaciones de manatíes. Los muestreos se realizaron con metodologías validadas en el marco del proyecto. Se presentan los resultados que constituyen la línea base del área, identificándose 149 especies de algas, 4 especies de fanerógamas marinas, 53 especies de peces del manglar y 39 especies de aves marinas y acuáticas. Los sitios seleccionados como prioridades de conservación y manejo de hábitats y especies incluyen los sitios de alimentación y nidificación de las aves marinas y acuáticas y la ubicación de dos zonas importantes para el monitoreo del manatí. Se identificaron las principales problemáticas del área, con el objetivo de realizar futuras acciones de conservación y manejo de los recursos naturales.AbstractThe Guanahacabibes Peninsula was proposed as a Managed Resource Protected Area (APRM) in the CubanNational System of Protected Areas. In order to validate this proposal a study was conducted as part of the project“Implementation of a Regional Approach to the Management of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas inSouthern Cuban Archipelagos”, with the purpose of characterizing coastal ecosystems and reassuring that theAPRM designed location and extension correspond to the protection of the main natural resources of the region.Mangroves, coastal lagoons and seagrass were assessed as well as important sites for seabird and waterfowlcommunities and manatee populations. Sampling was conducted with methods validated in the project.Results included the baseline of the area and identified 149 algae species, 4 seagrass species, 53 mangrove fishspecies, and 39 seabird and waterfowl species. The sites selected as priority for habitat and species conservationand management include feeding and nesting sites for seabirds and waterfowl and two important sites forthe manatee. The main problems for the area were identified for future conservation and management actions.

scholarly journals SUBSTANTIATING THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR TOURISM IN PROTECTED AREAS

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Costencu ◽  
Claudia-Nicoleta Dobrescu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Number Of Visits

The protected natural areas, irrespective of their classification modality or the motivations they propose, have become more and more attractive for tourists. However, in time, the increasing touristic flows they attract, often developed in an uncontrolled manner, lead to the erosion of the space and the degradation of ecosystems. Developing tourism on sustainable principles, with the appropriate balance of the two functions of a protected area – the scientific and the touristic function – should start from the analysis of this form of tourism and of the development opportunities and limits regarded from the perspective of the external environment, and from the particularisation of the concept “site’s tourist reception capacity”. Destination areas should meet the economic, social and ecological requirements in competition, so that they observe the integrity of natural resources and of local communities. The upper limit of the number of visits allowed in a protected area is purposefully set at a level below the identified level of accepted use, so that, in the long run, the environment could be able to cover the possible increases occurred in the number of tourists, without subjecting the environment to further harm.

Financing Protected Areas: The Social and Environmental Impact Bond's Role in Terrestrial Protected Area Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise O'Flynn ◽  
Stephen Schweinsberg ◽  
Stephen Wearing
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Alternative Finance ◽  
The Impact

Insufficient funding for terrestrial protected areas is a global challenge, and the ability of a protected area management agency to secure sustainable financing is an obstacle in the effective management of these important areas. While the role of public sector agencies in establishing, financing, and managing protected areas, and in providing a supportive legislative and policy environment will remain essential into the future; the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recommends that alternative finance mechanisms be adopted to help achieve financial sustainability. With this recommendation in mind, one approach is to look to other policy areas which traditionally rely on governments as their primary funding source, to understand the alternative finance mechanisms they have adopted and appraise the suitability of these mechanisms for terrestrial protected areas. One alternative finance mechanism is the social and environmental impact bond which is a subset of impact investment and an example of a pay for success or results-based contract. This paper reviews literature on the social and environmental impact bond with a view to assessing its potential applicability to assist in the effective management of terrestrial protected areas that fall within the management categories defined by the IUCN. Three examples of existing and proposed impact bonds with an environment focus are explored, including the world’s first environmental impact bond in Washington D.C., the publicly offered Atlanta environmental impact bond and the proposed wildlife conservation bond in South Africa. The selected impact bonds will help to illustrate the establishment, operation, and evaluation of impact bonds in a real-world context. It will be argued that the social and environmental impact bond can be a useful finance model for a range of uses in a variety of social sectors and conservation settings, including terrestrial protected areas. The paper further considers how the impact bond might result in both improved social and/or environmental outcomes as well as the perceived challenges associated with this alternative finance mechanism. While the focus of this paper is on terrestrial protected areas, the lessons discussed may also be applicable to marine protected areas.

Stakeholder attitudes towards wildlife policy and the Bénoué Wildlife Conservation Area, North Cameroon

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Weladji ◽  
Stein R. Moe ◽  
Pål Vedeld
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Local People ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Wildlife Policy

In recent years, wildlife policies that consider the participation of stakeholders have been promoted. An understanding of the stakeholders' attitudes towards conservation and existing policies are critical in designing new policies or sustainable conservation strategies. This paper examines stakeholders' (local people, park staff and professional hunter guides) attitudes, towards the Bénoué Wildlife Conservation Area (BWCA) and towards Cameroonian wildlife policy. The BWCA encompasses the Bénoué National Park and its surrounding hunting concessions that also include some villages. Both the Park and the hunting concessions are two categories of protected areas. Data were collected using informal interviews and questionnaires administered to 114 households from three communities, 17 park staff and seven professional hunter guides. Local people's attitudes towards protected areas depended on the management category of the particular protected area. Local people were positive towards the existence of the Park, but negative towards the system of hunting concession areas. There was local variation between communities concerning these attitudes. Local people were generally positive to maintaining the present Park area, but preferred a reduction in the size of the hunting concessions. Both Park staff and professional hunter guides expressed concern about present management strategies and the extent of illegal resource exploitation. Despite having poor knowledge of the current Cameroonian wildlife policy, most of the local households expressed support for it, but called for increased local involvement in management, off-take and the harvesting of benefits from both Park and hunting concession activities. The Park staff were sceptical about local participation in this context and saw such endeavours as a threat to a sound biodiversity management scheme. The findings indicate the need to strengthen current wildlife policy, promote the involvement of local people and empower the Park staff, both in terms of resources and in terms of skills in interacting with local people. The revised policy should be designed so as to vary according to the category of protected area and allow site-specific adaptations. Local people must experience reduced incurred costs and increased incomes from the Park. An environmental education programme is recommended to extensively disseminate the policy to user groups in the area.

Displacement from Protected Areas and its implications for conservation and livelihoods-The case of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh

Social Change ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 89-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Short Run

The designation of Protected Areas (PAs) for biodiversity conservation has had negative implications for communities that derive their sustenance from such areas. Apart from restrictions on resource use, there have also been instances of people being displaced from areas that they had inhabited and that had been designated subsequently as PAs. Movements for greater justice and rights of marginal communities, have been iing the destitution that displacement wreaks on communities, particularly tribals. The present paper describes in detail, an ongoing resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) exercise from the Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh in terms of the rehabilitation package offered and the process of R&R. It also discusses the impacts that the displacement has had on the lives of the community in question. Finally, the implications of such relocation attempts for wildlife conservation are discussed. While the rehabilitation package offered in the case of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, as well as the overall attitude of the agency that carried out the relocation, seems to have been a significant improvement over previously recorded instances of such exercises, it emerges that displacement has nevertheless had a significant negative impact on the livelihood of the people, at least in the short run. So far, the R&R exercise has been unsatisfactory with respect to several aspects such as identification of suitable land for resettlement, comprehensive inclusion of beneficiary families, assistance to tide over uncertain agricultural output and incomes during the relocation period, provision of alternatives to fodder and non-timber forest resources previously available from forests and creation of communications and road networks for resettled villages. It would require sustained investments by government and non-government agencies, in the medium to long run, for the displaced community to be able to reconstruct livelihoods and regain socio-economic levels that prevailed inside the sanctuary. An important lesson emerging from the Kuno experience is that trauma to the community could be mitigated if the implementing agency concentrates right from the start on genuine mobilisation, and investment in building the community's capacity to deal with the drastic changes that displacement entails.

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