scholarly journals A Perspective From the Middle East on the Topic of Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Z. Chemali ◽  
F. Ezzeddine ◽  
R. Tcheroyan ◽  
D. Acar
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Background: Concussion is the most prevalent form of traumatic brain injury. Western countries debate it as a public health issue. Middle Eastern (ME) countries lag behind with a concussion incidence surveillance of 25% that of European countries. Objective: The purpose of our study was to review concussion resulting from traumatic brain or sports injuries in civilian nationals of the ME. Methods: We carried out PubMed literature search of all related articles in the past thirty years using search terms reflecting concussion and sports injuries in ME countries of Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Results: 72 articles met our search criteria with relatively little data found on concussion within the parameters of this review. However, the reports that were found were diverse. Israel, Turkey and Iran led in publications. Motor vehicle accidents were the leading cause of concussion from TBI (50-57%) followed by domestic injuries (30-40%) and sports injuries at 4-7%. Extremity injuries were most commonly reported unlike head injuries often invisible and underreported. Male gender, young children, pedestrian and car traffic accidents, lack of protective gear, cell phone use, impulsive behaviors as well as training overload, lack of sleep, contact sports and violence were all risk factors for concussion. Conclusions: In this review, we highlighted the nascent topic of concussion in the ME and the need for additional research dictating awareness programs and implementing new safety policies to lower morbidity and mortality across all ages.

Strategies for Helping Head-Injured Children Successfully Return to School

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta DePompei ◽  
Jean Blosser
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Return To School ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Head Injured

Each year approximately 75,000 individuals sustain a closed head injury (CHI). The head injuries may be the result of motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, or abuse. It is estimated that as many as 18,000 of those injured are children. Often, head-injured children return to the educational setting following physical recuperation. The communication, physical, cognitive, emotional, and/or behavioral changes which have resulted from the head injury may interfere with successful re-entry into school. This article will present information that may be helpful in implementing the CHI student's successful return to school. Specific topics to be discussed include: types of deficits in CHI students, initiating the return to the educational setting, reasons for involvement of the speech-language pathologist in the re-entry process, suggestions for establishing effective networks between the rehabilitation setting (hospital/clinic) and the educational setting; and, specific recommendations for implementing the return.

The Role of Obesity in Motor Vehicle Injuries and Fatalities in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662199273
Author(s):  
Zana Alattar ◽  
Shelby Hoebee ◽  
Eyal Ron ◽  
Paul Kang ◽  
Eric vanSonnenberg
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Purpose: A systematic review done to evaluate obesity as a risk factor for injuries and mortality in motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) in the pediatric population, as there has not been a systematic review done in over 10 years. This study aims to update the literature regarding obesity as a risk factor for injuries in MVAs in the pediatric population. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the use of 3 total articles to analyze obesity as a risk factor for overall injury and mortality in the pediatric population. Results: Zaveri et al demonstrated a statistically significant, but weak, decrease in the odds of extremity injury in overweight patients ages 2 to 17 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-1.0, P ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, Pollack et al and Haricharan et al found an increase in extremity injury in the obese population, in ages 9 to 15 years (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.15-5.59, P ≤ 0.05), and 10 to 17 years (Age 10-13: OR = 6.06, 95% CI = 2.23-16.44, P ≤ 0.05, Age 14-17 OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.04-2.00, P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Haricharan et al also found an increase in thoracic injuries in obese children, ages 2 to 13 and increased risk of head/face/neck injury in obese children ages 2 to 5 (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.03-13.08, P ≤ 0.05), but a decreased risk of head injury in obese children ages 14 to 17 (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.18-0.60, P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: There are sparse data that are conflicting, regarding the effect of obesity on extremity injuries in the pediatric population. Obesity is not protective against thoracic, head, or abdominal injuries. However, it was found to be a risk factor for trunk injuries in ages 2 to 13, as well as head/face/neck injuries for ages 2 to 5. Since the literature is so sparse, further research is warranted in these areas.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Traffic Volume and Accident Frequency at Intersections

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
Angus Eugene Retallack ◽  
Bertram Ostendorf
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Accident Frequency ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Congestion Index ◽  
Binomial Models

Driven by the high social costs and emotional trauma that result from traffic accidents around the world, research into understanding the factors that influence accident occurrence is critical. There is a lack of consensus about how the management of congestion may affect traffic accidents. This paper aims to improve our understanding of this relationship by analysing accidents at 120 intersections in Adelaide, Australia. Data comprised of 1629 motor vehicle accidents with traffic volumes from a dataset of more than five million hourly measurements. The effect of rainfall was also examined. Results showed an approximately linear relationship between traffic volume and accident frequency at lower traffic volumes. In the highest traffic volumes, poisson and negative binomial models showed a significant quadratic explanatory term as accident frequency increases at a higher rate. This implies that focusing management efforts on avoiding these conditions would be most effective in reducing accident frequency. The relative risk of rainfall on accident frequency decreases with increasing congestion index. Accident risk is five times greater during rain at low congestion levels, successively decreasing to no elevated risk at the highest congestion level. No significant effect of congestion index on accident severity was detected.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders and Risk of Motor Vehicle Accident

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Yim ◽  
Jae Wook Cho ◽  
Jun-Sang Sunwoo ◽  
Daeyoung Kim ◽  
Dae Lim Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Drowsy Driving ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Sedative Drugs

Driving is a complicated process that demands coordination between a range of neurocognitive functions, including attention, visuo-perception, and appropriate judgment, as well as sensory and motor responses. Therefore, several factors may reduce the driving performance of an individual, such as sleepiness, distraction, overspeeding, alcohol consumption, and sedative drugs, all of which increase the hazard of motor vehicle accidents. Among them, drowsy driving is a major cause of traffic accidents, leading to more serious injuries as compared to other causes of major traffic accidents. Although sleep disorders have been highly associated among drowsy drivers, they are often untreated and unrecognized as a disease. In particular, obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy are some sleep disorders that are highly related to traffic accidents. Insomnia, which can cause inadequate sleep duration and promote sedative effects from sleeping pills, may also cause traffic accidents. These conditions are especially applicable to commercial bus or truck drivers, nocturnal workers, and shift workers, who are highly vulnerable to drowsy driving. Therefore, assertive screening and management of sleep disorders are necessary in general private drivers and relevant occupational drivers.

The Role of Placental Locations on Fetus Mortality in Road Traffic Accidents

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Moustafa ◽  
B. Serpil Acar ◽  
Memis Acar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Multi Body

The aim of this study is to investigate the possible role of placental location on the risk of placental abruption in road traffic accidents involving a pregnant driver. Placental abruption accounts for around 50–70% of fetal deaths in motor vehicle accidents. The computational pregnant occupant model, ‘Expecting’, which has a multi-body fetus and a finite element uterus model was developed at Loughborough University and is used in this investigation. The placenta is located in the upper region of the uterus near the fundus in ‘Expecting’. Four locations for the placenta; anterior, posterior, lateral left, lateral right cases are modelled and used in simulations in this study. These models are used to simulate a range of frontal impacts of severity 15 kph and 30 kph. Three cases of occupant restraint: three-point seatbelt with an airbag, three-point seatbelt only and airbag only conditions are investigated. The maximum strains developed in the uterus and utero-placental interface (UPI) have been estimated and compared for these scenarios in order to investigate placental abruption that leads to fetal loss. Placenta located at anterior position is found to be at higher risk than other positions considered.

scholarly journals Fatal road traffic collisions-An autopsy based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Dinesh Rao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traumatic Shock ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Craniocerebral Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
Major Region ◽  
Traffic Collision

The Deaths due to Road Traffic Collision has become a Major Public Health issue, hence Understanding the Deaths and the Factors involved is important to prevent Fatalities and at the same time Prevent Road Traffic Collision in General. The present Study is a Retrospective Study conducted during the period 2013 to November 2020. Road Traffic Accidents constituted 39.35%[n-1168] of the Cases. Males formed the Majority of the Victims contributing to 83.04% of the cases. Majority of the Victims were I the age group 31-40 years, consisting of 422 victims. The least Age Group affected were those below the age 10years and those individuals above the age 70years. Light Motor Vehicle were the Major Contributor to the Accidents, contributing to 46.40%[n-542] of the cases. Head and Neck was the Major region affected in 795 cases. The Maximum Fatality reported were due to Head or Craniocerebral Injuries in 87% of the cases. Abrasions were Present in all the Victims. Majority of the Deaths were due to Traumatic Shock reported in on the Spot Deaths or Brought Dead Victims in 35.45% [n-414] cases. The commonest Cause of Death reported after 07days of Treatment, were Septicemia, Lung infections, Peritonitis, Coma. Craniocerebral Injuries were the Main Contributors to Fatality in 87% of Accidents. Majority of Deaths were due to Traumatic Shocks due to Multiple injuries involved. Importance of Emergency Care is well understood in this study.

Sports-related Injuries Among Adolescents: When Do They Occur, and How Can We Prevent Them?

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Rome
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
School Based Health Centers

Sports injuries, as causes of frequent morbidity but infrequent mortality among teens, receive less attention than do more dramatic motor vehicle accidents, homicides, and suicides. Injury to adolescents caused by both organized and informal athletics occurs commonly, yet the precise frequency, severity, and predisposing risk factors of such injuries have not been defined well. Unlike mortality data, which can be obtained readily from death certificates or through the National Center for Health Statistics, nonfatal sports injuries often go unrecognized among injury statistics because adolescents frequently do not seek health care or tell a coach or family member about the injury. Moreover, data on injuries can exist in a variety of places outside of physicians' offices, including emergency department or hospital records, school-based health centers, or trainers' logs. Different studies also have defined injury differently, with little standardization between studies and variances in sources used for data collection. Hospital or emergency department data may differ in the degree of severity of the injury from office-based data or data on those injuries treated solely by a coach or athletic trainer. Despite these difficulties, a plethora of data exists on the topic of sports injuries and their prevention. Common Causes of Sports Injury In a Massachusetts study by Gallagher and colleagues in the 1980s, sports injuries were found to be the most common cause of injury and, overall, the second leading cause of emergency department visits and hospital admissions in the 13- to 19- year-old age group.

Head Injury in Very Young Children: Mechanisms, Injury Types, and Ophthalmologic Findings in 100 Hospitalized Patients Younger Than 2 Years of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Duhaime ◽  
A. J. Alario ◽  
W. J. Lewander ◽  
L. Schut ◽  
L. N. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Retinal Hemorrhages ◽  
Injury Type ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Injured Patients

Head injury in the youngest age group is distinct from that occurring in older children or adults because of differences in mechanisms, injury thresholds, and the frequency with which the question of child abuse is encountered. To analyze some of these characteristics in very young children, the authors prospectively studied 100 consecutively admitted head-injured patients 24 months of age or younger who were drawn from three institutions. Mechanism of injury, injury type, and associated injuries were recorded. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination to document the presence of retinal hemorrhages. An algorithm incorporating injury type, best history, and associated findings was used to classify each injury as inflicted or accidental. The results confirmed that most head injuries in children younger than 2 years of age occurred from falls, and while different fall heights were associated with different injury types, most household falls were neurologically benign. Using strict criteria, 24% of injuries were presumed inflicted, and an additional 32% were suspicious for abuse, neglect, or social or family problems. Intradural hemorrhage was much more likely to occur from motor vehicle accidents and inflicted injury than from any other mechanism, with the latter being the most common cause of mortality. Retinal hemorrhages were seen in serious accidental head injury but were most commonly encountered in inflicted injury. The presence of more serious injuries associated with particular mechanisms may be related to a predominance of rotational rather than translational forces acting on the head.

Head Trauma in Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Brahm Goldstein ◽  
Karen S. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Pediatric Head Injury

Head injury, either alone or in association with multiple other injuries, is extremely common. The initial assessment and management of children who have a head injury is an important topic for all pediatricians. Epidemiology Table 1 lists definitions of minor, moderate, and severe head injuries as determined by the initial neurologic presentation. The most common method to assess a child's neurologic status initially is to assign a score based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The GCS is determined by eye opening and best verbal and motor responses (Tables 2 and 3). Mild-to-moderate head injuries are far more common than severe injuries in the pediatric population. More than 90% of children requiring admission to a hospital following head injury have a GCS score of 13 to 15; severe head injury (GCS≤ 8) accounts for approximately 5% of admissions. Motor vehicle accidents, bicycle accidents, falls, sporting accidents, assaults, and child abuse are the most common causes of pediatric head injury. Despite a significant reduction in the number of pediatric fatalities due to implementation of the 55 mile/hour speed limit, motor vehicle accidents still result in a large number of hospital admissions and deaths each year. Many of these accidents are associated with drug or alcohol abuse.

Epidemiological profile and pattern of injuries in road traffic accidents in Moradabad: A prospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
MohdAmjad Bhat ◽  
Sarvjit Singh Sandhu ◽  
Pardeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Lacerated Wound ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Integrated Facility ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: In many countries, motor vehicle accidents rank first among all fatal accidents. RTAs have got multi-factorial causation. It is a part of the price we pay for our technological progress. Regional differences exist in the pattern of injury sustained by different types of road users that can have significant implications in the development of prevention policies. The objective of the Study: To understand the profile and pattern of injuries sustained and circumstances leading to RTAs in and around Moradabad, U.P. Materials and Methods: After ethical clearance for the study, all RTA victims presenting to the Casualty of TMU Moradabad, U.P. were taken for this study. All relevant details of RTIs were recorded and data collected, entered on a predesigned proforma and then tabulated, analyzed and interpreted statistically. Results: Out of 730 patients included in this study, most common victims were pedestrians (33.01%), most common site of injury was head (86.71%), most common external injury was lacerated wound (46.75%), and intoxication was seen in 24.11%, protective/safety measures used by 10.23%. Conclusion: RTAs continue to be a speedily rising problem, causing heavy loss of manpower and resources. Road users should be properly trained by authorized centers; driving licenses should be issued after strict testing of driving skills. Trauma centers with integrated facility of surgical, orthopedic, neurosurgical, anesthetic experts with modern investigative procedures like USG, CT-Scan and facility of blood-bank is the best solution for RTA victims who are severely injured.

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