scholarly journals Using a Simultaneous Prompting Procedure to Improve the Quality of the Writing of Three Students with Learning Disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kerstin Nobel ◽  
Anne Barwasser ◽  
Matthias Grünke ◽  
Kristie Asaro-Saddler ◽  
Bruce Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Simultaneous Prompting ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Students With Ld

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of a simultaneous prompting procedure on the writing performance of three upper-elementary-level students diagnosed with learning disabilities (LD). Interventionists gave task directions followed by model prompts with a 0-s time delay to teach students composition. Non-targeted information related to the writing process was embedded in the form of progress monitoring. A multiple-baseline design across participants (AB) was used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Results indicate that the simultaneous prompting procedure positively affected the overall quality of writing of students with LD. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals I Just Have to Try Harder: Examining the Mindsets of Students with LD

2021 ◽  
pp. 082957352199895
Author(s):  
Lauren D. Goegan ◽  
Gabrielle N. Pelletier ◽  
Lia M. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Fixed Mindset ◽  
Students With Ld

Growth and fixed mindset messaging is gaining popularity. In our pilot study, we examine the mindsets of students with learning disabilities (LD) to determine how their self-beliefs relate to this messaging. Our results demonstrate that students with LD endorse growth mindsets more than fixed mindsets which is consistent with their peers without LD. Moreover, in their comments about being a student with LD, participants highlight important components of growth mindset messaging. However, some comments may reflect a false-growth mindset wherein students are only focused on effort and not the additional resources required for growth. We provide directions for future research.

Spelling Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities: Implications for Research and Practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McNaughton ◽  
Charles A. Hughes ◽  
Karen Clark
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
New Words ◽  
Spelling Instruction ◽  
Instructional Activities ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
The Impact

We reviewed 27 published studies on spelling instruction for students with learning disabilities (LD) and coded them for the following variables: (a) student characteristics, (b) instructional activities, (c) nature of materials to be learned, and (d) criterial tasks (Jenkins, 1979). Most of the studies investigated the impact of instructional activities on the production of targeted spelling items by elementary-grade students with LD. We interpret the results of this review as suggesting that the following activities may enhance learning for some students with LD: (a) limiting the number of new words introduced each day, (b) facilitating student-directed and peer-assisted instruction, (c) directing students to name letters aloud as they are practiced, (d) including instruction in morphemic analysis, (e) providing immediate error imitation and correction, (f) using motivating reinforcers, and (g) providing periodic retesting and review. Only limited information is available on interventions that promote generalization of spelling knowledge to untrained words, use of trained vocabulary in a variety of writing activities, and maintenance of vocabulary across time. We discuss current research issues and future research directions in spelling instruction for students with learning disabilities.

Writing Issues in College Students with Learning Disabilities: A Synthesis of the Literature from 1990 to 2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Li ◽  
Christine M. Hamel
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Instructional Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Writing Difficulties ◽  
Students With Ld

This article provides a synthesis of the literature published from 1990 to 2000 on college students with learning disabilities and writing difficulties (LD/WD). Thirty-eight articles met the criteria for describing writing difficulties in this cohort of students. Upon reviewing the articles, four major topics emerged: (a) assistive technology for college students with LD/WD; (b) effectiveness of assistive technology for college students with LD/WD; (c) characteristics and error patterns in the writings of college students with LD/WD; and (d) instructional support and methods. The review of the literature shows that there is an urgent need for empirical studies, especially on instructional methods and strategies. Recommendations for future research are presented.

Technology-Based Practices for Secondary Students with Learning Disabilities

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Maccini ◽  
Joseph Calvin Gagnon ◽  
Charles A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
General Education ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Multimedia Software ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Test Technology ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
Contextualized Learning

The researchers conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on technology-based practices for secondary students identified as having learning disabilities (LD) involving instruction and/or assessment that measured some aspect of performance on a general education task or expectation (i.e., test). Technology-based practices included computer- or video-based interventions, multimedia programs, technology-based assessment, and verbatim audio recordings. Three practices appear promising for educating students with LD: (a) hypertext and hypermedia software programs; (b) videodisc instruction involving contextualized learning; and (c) multimedia software. Educational recommendations and directions for future research are offered based upon results.

Improving the Narrative Writing of Students with Learning Disabilities

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Montague ◽  
Alexandra G. Leavell
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
School Students ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Student Differences

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of procedural and substantive facilitation—specifically, instruction in character development—on the quality and length of narratives written by 9 Junior High School students with learning disabilities. A multiple baseline design across triads was used to determine the effects of treatment. Results indicated that over a period of 2 months, students generally made substantial increases in the amount they wrote and mild to moderate increases in the quality of the stories produced. Recommendations are given for individualizing instruction considering student differences in writing ability, background, motivation, interest, and attention.

Persuasive Quick-Writing about Text: Intervention for Students with Learning Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Ciullo ◽  
Linda H. Mason ◽  
Laura Judd
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Persuasive Writing ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Writing Students ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
Essay Quality

Researchers examined the effects of self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) to teach students with learning disabilities (LD) to compose persuasive quick-writing about text. The study included a multiple-baseline design with multiple probes for eight students with LD in grades four and five. Researchers observed a functional relationship by systematically replicating the intervention across all student participants. Following SRSD instruction for paraphrasing text and persuasive quick-writing, students increased their persuasive writing outcomes. Improvements were also noted for essay quality and writing length. Implications for future integrated writing and reading interventions are provided.

A Question of Calibration: A Review of the Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Students with Learning Disabilities

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Writing Difficulties ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
Efficacy Measure

This article reviews the literature on the self-efficacy beliefs of students with learning disabilities (LD). Motivational and metacognitive difficulties of students with LD are briefly discussed, followed by a synopsis of Bandura's self-efficacy theory, with special attention to the issue of calibration. From the literature search, 22 studies met the criteria of (a) using a measure of self-efficacy, and (b) including a sample of students identified as having learning disabilities. The resulting body of literature is summarized and analyzed in terms of the nature of the sample, the performance task or domain, the self-efficacy measure used, the research question and outcomes, and the accuracy of calibration between perceived self-efficacy and task outcome. The results from this review suggest that in specific contexts — in the writing performance of students with specific writing difficulties, in particular — students appear to optimistically miscalibrate their self-efficacy. Methodological problems found in some of the research, such as “conceptual blurring,” are discussed. Finally, implications for practice are considered, and suggestions are made for future research.

The Effects of Story Prompts on the Narrative Production of Students with and without Learning Disabilities

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Graves ◽  
Melvyn Semmel ◽  
Michael Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
The Difference

The effects of four types of prompting conditions on the narrative productions of seventh- and eighth-grade students with learning disabilities (LD) and without learning disabilities (NLD) were investigated. Participants were asked to write four stories for which a beginning, middle, end, or no prompt was given in a randomly assigned order. Results indicated differences between LD and NLD groups in both quantity and quality of story production across prompts. A significant group-by-prompt interaction supported the experimental hypothesis. The difference between the quality of LD and NLD stories was significantly greater following the middle-prompt condition; that is, the LD group scored significantly lower when offered the middle prompt than under the other prompting conditions. The results are interpreted as supporting the theoretical position that students with LD reveal relatively greater propensity for linear-sequential processing. Hence, the quality of their writing performance on tasks requiring recursive processing is lower than that of NLD students.

Inference Instruction to Support Reading Comprehension for Elementary Students With Learning Disabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Colby Hall ◽  
Marcia A. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Comprehension Skill ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Students With Ld

Making inferences during reading is a critical standards-based skill and is important for reading comprehension. This article supports the improvement of reading comprehension for students with learning disabilities (LD) in upper elementary grades by reviewing what is currently known about inference instruction for students with LD and providing detailed suggestions and a five-step process for teaching students to make text-connecting and knowledge-based inferences while reading. By bolstering this key reading comprehension skill in the upper elementary grades, teachers can better prepare students for the increased reading comprehension demands of middle school.

scholarly journals The Optimistic Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Studentswith Learning Disabilities

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Academic Optimism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Academic Tasks ◽  
Poor Academic Performance ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
The Face

This article reviews three studies that provide evidence that students with learning disabilities (LD) display optimistic academic self-beliefs, even in the face of relatively poor academic performance. In the fi rst study, a quantitative approach was used to explore the spelling and writing self-effi cacy of 133 adolescents with and without LD. Students with LD over-estimated their performance in spelling and writing. In the second study, a series of interviews with 28 adolescents with LD and 7 specialist LD teachers revealed that the students viewed themselves as low in academic optimism, whereas the teachers viewed the students as overly optimistic about academic tasks. A third study explored the academic motivation and procrastination of 208 undergraduates with and without LD, and found students with LD had moderate levels of optimism about academic tasks, but lower levels of optimism about self-regulatory capabilities. The paper concludes with a presentation of common and emergent themes from the three studies, and offers recommendations for practitioners and avenues for future research.

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