scholarly journals Comparative Advertising: Proposed Guidelines for Middle Marketers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Bassant Eyada ◽  
Asli Cazorla Milla
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Comparative Advertising ◽  
Direct Form ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Comparative Ads

This article presents a review of comparative advertising from a theoretical perspective and uses a combination of literature review and content analysis as a research methodology. The main objective of the article is to propose a legislative framework for marketers in the Middle East for using comparative advertising. Advertising plays a significant role in promoting and marketing products and brands. Comparative advertising affects consumer behaviour, decision making and consumerism following the ethical standards of advertising which control the form of competition between products which affects the brand image and the relation between consumers and the products. While competition between brands becomes hostile in some cases, the purpose of competitive or comparative advertising is to compare the entity of a product to the entity of its competitor on the basis of one or more product characteristics, as part of an advertising campaign. Known to have two different types: direct and indirect, where the name of the competitor is specifically mentioned, and superiority is established over them within the direct form, as for the indirect the product places superiority over its competitors without explicitly mentioning the name, which is widely seen in the Middle East advertising campaigns. This research aims to study the ethical standards of comparative advertising, implications of direct comparative advertising on consumer behaviour through content analysis of comparative ads to set guidelines for using other product’s name or trademark in advertising within the Middle East. The lack of availability of the empirical data on comparative advertising in the Middle Easts presents both a challenge and an opportunity for academicians. The paper concludes with the notion that comparative advertising is an effective way to attract consumers, and it is recommended to be used in the Middle East with the proposed guidelines.

Types of Stressors on Nonprofessional Against-Suicide and Pro-Suicide Message Boards

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Niederkrotenthaler ◽  
Benedikt Till
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Presenting Problems ◽  
Message Boards ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Abstract. Background: Little is known about presenting problems of primary posters (i.e., posters opening the thread) and their responders in nonprofessional against-suicide and pro-suicide message boards. Aims: We aimed to compare problems described in suicide message boards between different types of users (primary posters and respondents) and between against-suicide, neutral, and pro-suicide message boards. Method: In all, 1,182 archival threads with 20,499 individual postings from seven nonprofessional suicide message boards supporting an against-suicide, neutral, or pro-suicide attitude were randomly selected. Problems mentioned by primary posters and their respondents were coded with content analysis. Differences between pro-suicide, neutral, and against suicide boards, as well as correlations between primary posters and respondents, were calculated. Results: Interpersonal problems were most frequently mentioned by primary posters in against-suicide threads (40.9%) and less frequently in pro-suicide threads (11.8%; p < .001). In pro-suicide boards, the most frequent stressors were suicide method-related (e.g., how to identify a safe method: 26.2% vs. 2.5% in against-suicide boards, p < .001). Primary posters resembled respondents in terms of presenting problems in pro-suicide boards, but not in against-suicide boards. Limitations: Only self-reported problems were assessed. Conclusion: The results confirm a stronger focus on death than on life among users in pro-suicide message boards, and posters with similar problems meet in pro-suicide boards. The posters appear to clearly emphasize social strains over psychiatric problems compared with some professional settings.

scholarly journals A general pattern in the construction of economic newsworthiness? Analyzing news factors in popular, quality, regional, and financial newspapers

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Boukes ◽  
Rens Vliegenthart
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Economic News ◽  
Regional Newspapers ◽  
Different Types

Journalists use news factors to construct newsworthy stories. This study investigates whether different types of news outlets emphasize different news factors. Using a large-scale manual content analysis ( n = 6489), we examine the presence of seven news factors in economic news across four different outlets types (i.e. popular, quality, regional, and financial newspapers). Results suggest that popular and regional newspapers particularly rely on the news factors of personification, negativity, and geographical proximity. Quality newspapers, instead, employ a rather general pattern of news factors, whereas the financial newspaper consistently relies on less news factors in its reporting. Findings urge scholars to move toward a more detailed understanding of how newsworthiness is constructed in different types of news outlets.

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of public administration electronic services

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Jozef Andraško
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

The author deals with the issue of public administration electronic services from the theoretical perspective. In particular, author is analysing all elements of the term in question. Furthermore, the author focuses on different types of categorization of public administration electronic services. Moreover, author is dealing with the definition of the term in question from the perspective of Slovak legal order.

scholarly journals Reuters: Principles Of Trust Or Propaganda?

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry I. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Affective Behavior ◽  
Middle East Conflict ◽  
Logical Fallacies ◽  
Ethical Failures

This paper examines a sample of fifty news-oriented articles related to the Middle East conflict published on the Reuters proprietary websites across a three month study window. A combination of Ethnographic Content Analysis and primary survey data are employed to identify, code and validate reporting/ethical failures in the articles, i.e., propaganda, logical fallacies, and violations of the Reuters Handbook. Tests are run to measure for 1) shifts in audience attitudes and support for the primary belligerent parties in the Middle East conflict following readings of the sample and, 2) associations between the reporting/ethical failures and audience attitudes/support. Over 1,100 occurrences of reporting/ethical failures across forty-one subcategories are identified and a significant shift in audience attitudes and support following article readings is observed. Significant associations are found between 1) the use of atrocity propaganda and audience favorability/sympathy toward the Arabs/Palestinians; 2) the use of the appeal to pity fallacy and audience favorability/sympathy toward the Arabs/Palestinians; and 3) the use of atrocity propaganda, appeal to pity and appeal to poverty fallacies, and audience motivation to take supportive action on behalf of the Arabs/Palestinians. It is inferred from the evidence that Reuters engages in systematically biased storytelling in favor of the Arabs/Palestinians and is able to influence audience affective behavior and motivate direct action along the same trajectory. This reflects a fundamental failure to uphold the Reuters corporate governance charter and ethical guiding principles.

Investigating microblogging addiction tendency through the lens of uses and gratifications theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1228-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Xunhua Guo ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Uses And Gratifications ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychological Outcome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Considering the popularity and addictive attributes of microblogging, the purpose of this paper is to explore the key drivers of the microblogging addiction tendency, and to investigate the causal relationship between microblogging usage and addiction tendency through the lens of the uses and gratifications (U&G) theory. Design/methodology/approach By extending the U&G theory to accommodate the negative consequences of gratification, a research model that explains the relationships among microblogging use, gratification and addiction tendency was developed and empirically examined based on the data collected from 520 microblogging users in China. Findings The results showed that different types of microblogging use lead to different categories of gratification to different extents, while different categories of gratification play different roles in determining the level of addiction tendency. Specifically, the effect of content gratification on addiction is marginal, while social gratification has significant effects on all dimensions of addiction tendency. Originality/value The present study has both theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical perspective, unlike many previous studies applied the U&G theory to explore the positive outcomes of media uses, this paper extends the U&G by including addiction tendency as a negative psychological outcome of U&G., resulting a research framework (use-gratification-addiction framework). Meanwhile, this paper contributes to the extending literature by examining the constructs of U&G at a granular level and investigated the causal relationship between “uses” and “gratifications.”

Factors influencing touristic consumer behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco Santos ◽  
Paulo Ramos ◽  
Bruno Sousa ◽  
Nuno Almeida ◽  
Marco Valeri
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Tourist Behaviour

PurposeThis paper aims to present a content analysis of two major constructs among tourism settings, namely involvement and emotions, strictly related to tourist behaviour, due to the fact that there are still some critical gaps in the knowledge about tourists' emotions and involvement.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth content analysis of involvement and emotions was adopted as the methodological approach. This methodology addressed an amalgam of different definitions, frameworks, mixed theoretical and practical applications and approaches, results, comparisons as well as a blend of a set of scales of involvement and emotions by confrontating of authors.FindingsThe major findings state that emotions and involvement demonstrate greater progress and scientific development to the level of tourism, marketing and consumer behaviour, representing an important issue for the integrated tourism experiences.Originality/valueThis study presents a critical reflection on the importance of emotions and involvement in specific contexts of leisure and tourism.

Meter and Rhythm in the Sung Poetry of Iranian Khorasan

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-99
Author(s):  
Stephen Blum
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rhythmic Cycles

The rhythmic theory developed by al-Fārābī remains relevant to the analysis of sung poetry in the contemporary Middle East, not least with respect to the question of how duration comes to be determined and the conception of verse as a constituent of melody (Arabic laḥn) in the fullest sense. This chapter reviews some of Fārābī’s concepts in relation to Christopher Hasty’s discussion of projective potential. Analysis of eight examples of sung verse in Persian and Khorasani Turkish focuses on coordination of tunes with rhythmic cycles associated with different types of poetic meter. I argue that the best analytical work on Persian traditional music, notably that of Dariush Talā’i, provides an excellent foundation for studies of Iran’s regional musics.

Associative Positioning Strategies through Comparative Advertising: Attribute versus Overall Similarity Approaches

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Dröge ◽  
René Y. Darmon
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Attribute Level ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Comparative Advertising ◽  
Scaling Model ◽  
Associative Strategy ◽  
Comparative Ads ◽  
Attitude Model

The authors compare the relative effectiveness of comparative/noncomparative and product-based/non-product-based advertising in the implementation of an associative strategy for cognitive brand positioning. Two metaconstructs, cognitive accuracy and cognitive clarity, are defined, each within an attitude model and a probabilistic multidimensional scaling model. The results from these very different methodological and conceptual approaches indicate that direct comparative advertisements are superior in engendering overall brand positioning, whereas only product-based direct comparative ads are superior in engendering brand positioning at the attribute level, and only in terms of positioning clarity.

Toward a Typology of Normative Drug Users Based on Levels of Functioning, Justifications and Types of Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-258
Author(s):  
Moran Chassid-Segin ◽  
Keren Gueta ◽  
Natti Ronel
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Levels Of Functioning

The study explores 29 individuals who described themselves as functioning normatively while using drugs on a regular basis. They defined their use as intensive, constant, and playing a significant part in their normative lives. The content analysis revealed a typology consisting of four different types of normative users: the socially connected users, the better coping users, the ambivalent users, and the recovering users. This typology was created on the basis of three axes: level of functioning, justification of use, style of use. Our typology highlights the differences between normative users with varying patterns of drug usage and levels of functioning, ranging from users who claim that drug use causes them no harm to those who acknowledge that drug use has significantly damaged their functioning. This typology places particular emphasis on normative users who are experiencing a range of difficulties and need specific forms of therapy to preserve their normative lives.

Making Sense of Journalists' Safety and Media Freedom in Egypt Between Different Types of Threats and the Ruling Legislative Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermeen Nabil Alazrak
Keyword(s):  
Media Freedom ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Media Organizations

This study seeks to investigate different types of threats which affect the journalists' safety in Egypt and how do they manage their work in the presence of the diverse threats. The study analyzes the Egyptian legislative framework in order to explain whether it protects media freedom and journalists or it needs further reforms. To address the research objective in detail, the study also incorporates the feedback of 45 Egyptian journalists belonging to government's partisan and private media organizations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document