Toward a Typology of Normative Drug Users Based on Levels of Functioning, Justifications and Types of Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-258
Author(s):  
Moran Chassid-Segin ◽  
Keren Gueta ◽  
Natti Ronel
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Levels Of Functioning

The study explores 29 individuals who described themselves as functioning normatively while using drugs on a regular basis. They defined their use as intensive, constant, and playing a significant part in their normative lives. The content analysis revealed a typology consisting of four different types of normative users: the socially connected users, the better coping users, the ambivalent users, and the recovering users. This typology was created on the basis of three axes: level of functioning, justification of use, style of use. Our typology highlights the differences between normative users with varying patterns of drug usage and levels of functioning, ranging from users who claim that drug use causes them no harm to those who acknowledge that drug use has significantly damaged their functioning. This typology places particular emphasis on normative users who are experiencing a range of difficulties and need specific forms of therapy to preserve their normative lives.

scholarly journals Swedish high-school pupils’ attitudes towards drugs in relation to drug usage, impulsiveness and other risk factors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Mousavi ◽  
Danilo Garcia ◽  
Alexander Jimmefors ◽  
Trevor Archer ◽  
Béatrice M Ewalds-Kvist
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
And Gender

Background: Illicit drug use influences people’s lives and elicits unwanted here is an increase in young people’s drug use in Sweden. This study aimed to investigate Swedish high-school pupils’ attitudes, impulsiveness and gender differences linked to drug use. Also risk and protective factors relative to drug use were a focus of interest. Method: High school pupils (n = 146) aged 17- 21 years, responded to the Adolescent Health and Development Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Knowledge, and the Attitudes and Beliefs. Direct logistic, multiple regression analyses, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance were used to analyse the data. Results: Positive Attitudes towards drugs was predicted by risk factors (odds ratio = 37.31) and gender (odds ratio = .32). Risk factors (odds ratio = 46.89), positive attitudes towards drugs (odds ratio = 4.63), and impulsiveness (odds ratio = 1.11) predicted drug usage. Risk factors dimensions Family, Friends and Individual Characteristic were positively related to impulsiveness among drug users. Moreover, although males reported using drugs to a greater extent, but female expressed more positive attitude towards drugs and even reported more impulsiveness than male students. Conclusion: This study reinforces the idea that research must focus on gender differences relative to pro-drug attitudes along with testing for differences in the predictors of girls’ and boys’ delinquency and impulsiveness. Positive attitudes towards drugs among adolescents seem to be part of a vicious circle including risk factors, such as friendly drug environments (e.g., friends who use drugs) and unsupportive family environments, individual characteristics, and impulsiveness.

scholarly journals Women's health and the phenomenon of drugs in brazilian magazines

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Rebeca Rocha de Souza ◽  
Jeane Freitas de Oliveira ◽  
Enilda Rosendo do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Standards Of Beauty

The aim of this paper is to discuss social and health repercussions in women due to drug use, as disclosed in reports published in magazines with national circulation. This is a qualitative research, with an exploratory and descriptive approach. Articles published in four magazines were used, during six consecutive months as of September of 2009. Fifty-two articles were identified with comments on women and the drug phenomena. The information was addressed by means of thematic content analysis. The reports address the increased consumption of drugs by women, the consumption of drugs to maintain and/or achieve the established sociocultural standards of beauty, with risks for addiction and overdose, and situations resulting from violence towards women living with male drug users. Economical, political, ideological and cultural reflexes for women involved with the drug phenomena could be the cause or consequence of implications in the health of this population.

scholarly journals Swedish high-school pupils’ attitudes towards drugs in relation to drug usage, impulsiveness and other risk factors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Mousavi ◽  
Danilo Garcia ◽  
Alexander Jimmefors ◽  
Trevor Archer ◽  
Béatrice M Ewalds-Kvist
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
And Gender

Background: Illicit drug use influences people’s lives and elicits unwanted here is an increase in young people’s drug use in Sweden. This study aimed to investigate Swedish high-school pupils’ attitudes, impulsiveness and gender differences linked to drug use. Also risk and protective factors relative to drug use were a focus of interest. Method: High school pupils (n = 146) aged 17- 21 years, responded to the Adolescent Health and Development Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Knowledge, and the Attitudes and Beliefs. Direct logistic, multiple regression analyses, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance were used to analyse the data. Results: Positive Attitudes towards drugs was predicted by risk factors (odds ratio = 37.31) and gender (odds ratio = .32). Risk factors (odds ratio = 46.89), positive attitudes towards drugs (odds ratio = 4.63), and impulsiveness (odds ratio = 1.11) predicted drug usage. Risk factors dimensions Family, Friends and Individual Characteristic were positively related to impulsiveness among drug users. Moreover, although males reported using drugs to a greater extent, but female expressed more positive attitude towards drugs and even reported more impulsiveness than male students. Conclusion: This study reinforces the idea that research must focus on gender differences relative to pro-drug attitudes along with testing for differences in the predictors of girls’ and boys’ delinquency and impulsiveness. Positive attitudes towards drugs among adolescents seem to be part of a vicious circle including risk factors, such as friendly drug environments (e.g., friends who use drugs) and unsupportive family environments, individual characteristics, and impulsiveness.

Comparison of non -Prescribed use of Tranquilizer with Stimulants Drugs among Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3381-3383
Author(s):  
Qurrat ul Ain Mehfooz ◽  
Qasim Saleem ◽  
Khursheed Anwer ◽  
Hamid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prescription Stimulant Use

Objective: The goal of this study to look at the patterns of drug use among medical students. Methodology: All medical students enrolled in the Bakhtawer Amin Medical & Dental College Multan, from first to fifth year were included in this study. The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula. The sample consisted of 200 students drawn from various batches and chosen using a stratified random selection procedure Results: The total study participants were 200 medical students of different years in which 139(70%) were males and 61(30%) were females. The participants having age range 18-25 years and maximum number of students were fall in age group 21-25 [117(58.5%)]. The results of the study showed that 76% used tranquilizer and 68% of the students used Stimulants without prescription as p-value 0.004 showing statistical significant difference in the use of both types of drugs. Student used tranquilizer and stimulants once a month as 32% vs 37% with significant p-value 0.034. Conclusion: The fourth-year students had the highest rate of drug usage. During the evaluation, the majority of students were drug users; there was no sign of physical dependency. The topic of non-prescribed drug usage among medical students is examined in this study. More research is needed to investigate national trends of drug addiction among medical students, as well as to find and reinforce protective variables. Supporting children with a non-prescription usage necessitates the development of strategies. Keywords:Nonmedical prescription drug use; Nonmedical prescription stimulant use; Nonmedical prescription tranquilizer use; Trends.

Maintaining Normative Functioning Alongside Drug Use: The Recognition of Harms and Adoption of Change Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110491
Author(s):  
Moran Chassid-Segin ◽  
Keren Gueta ◽  
Natti Ronel
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Recovery Management

The current study examined drug users’ perspectives on strategies that helped them to maintain normative functioning or resolve impaired functioning. We interviewed 29 drug users who described themselves as functioning normatively while using drugs on a regular basis until they experienced harms or raised concerns of future harms. The content analysis showed that the users maintain their normative functioning through diverse strategies that can be located on a continuum. This continuum was conceptualized as “normative functioning management” based on White et al.’s concept of “recovery management.” This study found an ongoing continuum through self-management and social interaction consisting of three regions: the management of normative functioning, the recognition of the harm of drug use to functioning, and the subsequent adoption of change strategies for maintaining normative functioning. This continuum may provide a more nuanced theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of drug users with normative functioning and is therefore relevant for counselors encountering such users in their practice. This study highlights inner resources such as self-awareness and social interaction that help functioning users to maintain their normative functioning and fulfill basic obligations in their normal routines, that is, preserving their professional status, family lives, and relationships.

scholarly journals Swedish high-school pupils’ attitudes towards drugs in relation to drug usage, impulsiveness and other risk factors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Mousavi ◽  
Danilo Garcia ◽  
Trevor Archer ◽  
Béatrice Ewalds-Kvist
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
School Students ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Background: Illicit drug use influences people’s lives and elicits unwanted behaviour. Current research shows that there is an increase in young people’s drug use in Sweden. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating high-school students’ attitudes, impulsiveness and gender differences linked to drug use. Also risk and protective factors relative to drug use were in focus of interest. Method: High school pupils (n = 146), aged 17- 21 years, responded to the Adolescent Health and Development Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Knowledge, and the Attitudes and Beliefs (KAB). Direct logistic, multiple regression analyses, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance were used to analyse the data. Results: Positive Attitudes towards drugs was predicted by risk factors, odds ratio = 37.31. Risk factors, odds ratio = 46.89, and positive attitudes towards drugs, odds ratio = 4.63, predicted drug usage. Family, friends and individual as risk factors was positively related to impulsiveness among drug users. Moreover, although males reported using drugs to a greater extent, but female expressed more positive attitude towards drugs and even reported more impulsiveness than male students. Conclusion: Positive attitudes towards drugs among adolescents seem to be part of a vicious circle including risk factors, such as friendly drug environments (e.g., friends who use drugs) and unsupportive family environments, and impulsiveness. Even pro-drug attitudes were interpreted as a sign of a social change defined as altered norms, values and symbols of the society. This study reinforces the idea that research must focus on gender differences relative to pro-drug attitudes along with testing for differences in the predictors of girls’ and boys’ delinquency and impulsiveness.

Trends in Drug Use and Crime among Arrestees

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
W. Kenneth Poole ◽  
William C. Eckerman ◽  
J. Valley Rachal ◽  
J. Donald Bates
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Arrest Rates ◽  
Time Period

The results in this paper relate to drug usage among males arrested in 1971 in six metropolitan areas of the country. Multivariate analysis of variance techniques are used to analyze the crime rate patterns within cohorts of drug users (i.e., those beginning drug use during the same time period) and also to analyze the differences in crime patterns across cohorts of drug users. The analysis compares drug users versus nonusers with regard to their overall arrest rates and also compares them with respect to “Serious Crimes Against The Person.”

Types of Stressors on Nonprofessional Against-Suicide and Pro-Suicide Message Boards

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Niederkrotenthaler ◽  
Benedikt Till
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Presenting Problems ◽  
Message Boards ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Abstract. Background: Little is known about presenting problems of primary posters (i.e., posters opening the thread) and their responders in nonprofessional against-suicide and pro-suicide message boards. Aims: We aimed to compare problems described in suicide message boards between different types of users (primary posters and respondents) and between against-suicide, neutral, and pro-suicide message boards. Method: In all, 1,182 archival threads with 20,499 individual postings from seven nonprofessional suicide message boards supporting an against-suicide, neutral, or pro-suicide attitude were randomly selected. Problems mentioned by primary posters and their respondents were coded with content analysis. Differences between pro-suicide, neutral, and against suicide boards, as well as correlations between primary posters and respondents, were calculated. Results: Interpersonal problems were most frequently mentioned by primary posters in against-suicide threads (40.9%) and less frequently in pro-suicide threads (11.8%; p < .001). In pro-suicide boards, the most frequent stressors were suicide method-related (e.g., how to identify a safe method: 26.2% vs. 2.5% in against-suicide boards, p < .001). Primary posters resembled respondents in terms of presenting problems in pro-suicide boards, but not in against-suicide boards. Limitations: Only self-reported problems were assessed. Conclusion: The results confirm a stronger focus on death than on life among users in pro-suicide message boards, and posters with similar problems meet in pro-suicide boards. The posters appear to clearly emphasize social strains over psychiatric problems compared with some professional settings.

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