From Conflict to Socio-Emotional Well-Being. Application of the GIAM Model through Traditional Sporting Games

The education of pleasant interpersonal relationships is one of the great challenges of modern physical education. Learning to live together sustainably is also learning to transform conflicts and the negative emotions elicited by them. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the GIAM pedagogical model (of the Motor Action Research Group) through cooperation-opposition traditional sporting games with competition in the presence of motor conflicts (conflict transformation; relational well-being) and on emotional regulation (management of negative emotions; emotional well-being). Empirical research was carried out using an associative strategy (explanatory study) involving 222 secondary school students (Mage = 14.86; SD = 0.65). A seven-session pedagogical intervention was carried out based on a championship using the Marro (Prisoner’s Bar) game. The students answered two validated questionnaires of socio-emotional well-being, the Games and Emotions Scale (GES-II) and the Motor Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), at three phases during the experience (beginning, middle, and end). The findings showed that, through the GIAM model, motor conflicts and the intensity of negative emotions were reduced. It was found that conflicts and negative emotions are part of the same phenomenon and that through an appropriate pedagogical program it is possible to turn them into experiences of socio-emotional well-being.

The Transformation of Conflicts into Relational Well-Being in Physical Education: GIAM Model

To educate the relational well-being in order to learn to live together in society is one of the main needs of modern physical education (PE). Teachers are in need of pedagogical models to instruct peaceful coexistence and transform possible conflicts into PE. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of a pedagogical model (GIAM model) designed for conflict transformation on the relational well-being of students in obligatory secondary school (ESO in Spain). This study was an empirical research (associative strategy, comparative study using mixed methods). A number of 287 valid students (M = 14.90; SD = 0.66) participated in this study from 4 different secondary schools (SSs): third ESO (SS1 (n = 75); SS3 (n = 45); SS4 (n = 86)) and fourth ESO (SS2 (n = 81)). A sequence of seven learning sessions was conducted, the intervention of the teachers on the GIAM model and the student’s motivational climate perception caused by this learning sequence was analyzed. The teachers who best adapted their intervention to the GIAM model obtained greater significant changes (p < 0.005) in favor of the relational well-being of their students. This research provides scientific evidence and intervention strategies for students to learn how to transform the conflicts, adopting a collaborating style based on reflection-for, -in- and on-motor action.

ANALISIS PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, POLA KOMUNIKASI DAN MANAJEMEN KONFLIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh gaya keemimpinan ransformasional, pola komunikasi, dan manajemen konflik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan. Strategi penelitian ini adalah strategi asosiatif.Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei sampel, dimana peneliti membagikan kuesioner untuk mengumpulkan data. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT Bank Maybank Indonesia Tbk Cabang Area Juanda Jakarta berjumlah 60. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan rumus slovin dengan tingkat eror (e) = 5%, Dengan demikian jumlah sampel yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini berjumlah 52 karyawan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan, pengaruh positif gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 0,294 atau 29,4% dan signifikan, pengaruh positif pola komunikasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 0,343 atau 34,3% dan signifikan, pengaruh positif manajemen konflik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 0,334 atau 33,4 % dan signifikan. This study aims to determine how much influence the informational leadership style, communication patterns, and conflict management on employee job satisfaction. This research strategy is an associative strategy. The data collection method used in this study is a sample survey, where researchers distribute questionnaires to collect data. The population in this study were employees of PT Bank Maybank Indonesia Tbk Juanda Area Jakarta Branch totaling 60. The sample in this study was taken using the Slovin formula with an error rate (e) = 5%, Thus the number of samples used for this study amounted to 52 employees. The results showed, the positive influence of transformational leadership style on employee job satisfaction of 0.294 or 29.4% and significant, positive influence of communication patterns on employee job satisfaction of 0.343 or 34.3% and significant, positive effect of conflict management on employee job satisfaction of 0.334 or 33.4% and significant.

Strategies of Meaning Formation as a Component of Informational Behavior with Regard to the Verbal Tasks Solving in Situations of Personal Meaning Initiation

The paper is devoted to investigation of the psychological characteristics associated with the verbal tasks solving in a situation of personal meaning initiation. The study involved 128 people aged 18 to 25 years. As psychological predictors of informational behavior, we investigated features of thinking, reflection, motivation and semantic sphere. The results of psychological diagnosis were processed using cluster analysis (K-means clustering) and Spearman's rank order correlation. Selected participants were visually presented with five open-type experimental tasks designed to model the situation of the initiation of personal meanings. As the result we were able to identify two strategies of personal meaning formation: 1) reflexive strategy – the answer builds up with a systemic comprehension of personal experience; understanding and operating with the meaning of information is based on the type of analysis of experience and selection of the answer that reflects the most deeply the meaning; and 2) associative strategy – the solution to the task occurs spontaneously, based on the current state by associating internal experiences with an abstract objects with the help of imagination.

PENGARUH TRANSAKSI ELECTRONIC BANKING TERHADAP FEE BASED INCOME PADA PT BANK CIMB NIAGA, Tbk PERIODE 2014 – 2017

<p><em>This study aimed to knowing the effect of electronic banking transactions to fee based income PT. Bank CIMB Niaga, Tbk. The strategy that was used in this research was associative strategy or relations effect. The method was used in this research was ex post de facto. The subject in this research is PT. Bank CIMB Niaga, Tbk from the merger company that is between Bank Niaga with the Lippo Bank until now. Sample that was used is the e-banking transactions and fee based income of PT. Bank CIMB Niaga, Tbk for 4 years (year 2014-2017). The variable that was researched covered the free variable that is the e-banking transactions. Whereas the variable was tied was fee based income. This study was carried out by using the analysis technique of simple linear regression and for the data processing used spss the version 16,0. Were based on results of the testing of the hypothesis α = 5% df = n-k =2 was received t _table is 4.302 and t_counted is 11,855 (t _counted &gt; t _table) so the conclution H₀ was refused and H_a was accepted, that means there is positive and significant influence the e-banking transactions to fee based income PT. Bank CIMB Niaga, Tbk.</em></p>

Work-family Interfase and Job Performance: Job Satisfaction as Mediator

The objective of the study was to examine the relationships between work-family interfase, job satisfaction and job performance in an Argentinian workers sample. A cross-sectional empirical study, based on explicative-associative strategy, was designed. An availability sample of 383 workers (195 male) from different kinds of organizations was conformed. Based on past evidence, it was hypothesized the mediator role of job satisfaction. Structural equation analysis showed that the indirect effects of work-family interfase dimensions (conflict and enrichment) on job performance through job satisfaction were statically significant, which indicated partial mediation. All variables explained 72% of job performance variance. Empirical findings and practical implications of the study are discussed.

Logical reasoning by a Grey parrot? A case study of the disjunctive syllogism

In Call’s (2004) 2-cups task, widely used to explore logical and causal reasoning across species and early human development, a reward is hidden in one of two cups, one is shown to be empty, and successful subjects search for the reward in the other cup. Infants as young as 17-months and some individuals of almost all species tested succeed. Success may reflect logical, propositional thought and working through a disjunctive syllogism (A or B; not A, therefore B). It may also reflect appreciation of the modal concepts “necessity” and “possibility”, and the epistemic concept “certainty”. Mody & Carey’s (2016) results on 2-year-old children with 3- and 4-cups versions of this task converge with studies on apes in undermining this rich interpretation of success. In the 3-cups version, one reward is hidden in a single cup, another in one of two other cups, and the participant is given one choice, thereby tracking the ability to distinguish a certain from an uncertain outcome. In the 4-cups procedure, a reward is hidden in one cup of each pair (e.g., A, C); one cup (e.g., B) is then shown to be empty. Successful subjects should conclude that the reward is 100% likely in A, only 50% likely in either C or D, and accordingly choose A, thereby demonstrating modal and logical concepts in addition to epistemic ones. Children 2 1/2 years of age fail the 4-cups task, and apes fail related tasks tapping the same constructs. Here we tested a Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), Griffin, on the 3- and 4-cups procedures. Griffin succeeded on both tasks, outperforming even 5-year-old children. Controls ruled out that his success on the 4-cups task was due to a learned associative strategy of choosing the cup next to the demonstrated empty one. These data show that both the 3- and 4-cups tasks do not require representational abilities unique to humans. We discuss the competences on which these tasks are likely to draw, and what it is about parrots, or Griffin in particular, that explains his better performance than either great apes or linguistically competent preschool children on these and conceptually related tasks.

A Tale of Two Temporal Coding Strategies: Common and Dissociable Brain Regions Involved in Recency versus Associative Temporal Order Retrieval Strategies

Numerous studies indicate the importance of the hippocampus to temporal order retrieval. However, behavioral studies suggest that there are different ways to retrieve temporal order information from encoded sequences, one involving an associative strategy (retrieving associations using neighboring items in a list) and another involving a recency strategy (determining which of two items came first). It remains unresolved, however, whether both strategies recruit the hippocampus or only associative strategies, consistent with the hippocampus's role in relational processing. To address this, we developed a paradigm in which we dissociated associative versus recency-based retrieval, involving the same stimulus presentation during retrieval. Associative retrieval involved an increase in RT (and decrease in performance) with greater distances between intervals, consistent with the need to retrieve intervening associations. Recency-based retrieval involved an increase in RT (and decrease in performance) with shorter distances between intervals, suggesting the use of a strength-based coding mechanism to retrieve information. We employed fMRI to determine the neural basis of the different strategies. Both strategies showed significant levels of hippocampal activation and connectivity that did not differ between tasks. In contrast, both univariate and connectivity pattern analyses revealed differences in extrahippocampal areas such as parietal and frontal cortices. A covariate analysis suggested that differences could not be explained by task difficulty alone. Together, these findings suggest that the hippocampus plays a role in both forms of temporal order retrieval, with neocortical networks mediating the different cognitive demands for associative versus recency-based temporal order retrieval.

The Path to Memory Is Guided by Strategy: Distinct Networks Are Engaged in Associative Encoding under Visual and Verbal Strategy and Influence Memory Performance in Healthy and Impaired Individuals

Given the diversity of stimuli encountered in daily life, a variety of strategies must be used for learning new information. Relating and encoding visual and verbal stimuli into memory has been probed using various tasks and stimulus types. Engagement of specific subsequent memory and cortical processing regions depends on the stimulus modality of studied material; however, it remains unclear whether different encoding strategies similarly influence regional activity when stimulus type is held constant. In this study, participants encoded object pairs using a visual or verbal associative strategy during fMRI, and subsequent memory was assessed for pairs encoded under each strategy. Each strategy elicited distinct regional processing and subsequent memory effects: middle/superior frontal, lateral parietal, and lateral occipital for visually associated pairs and inferior frontal, medial frontal, and medial occipital for verbally associated pairs. This regional selectivity mimics the effects of stimulus modality, suggesting that cortical involvement in associative encoding is driven by strategy and not simply by stimulus type. The clinical relevance of these findings, probed in a patient with a recent aphasic stroke, suggest that training with strategies utilizing unaffected cortical regions might improve memory ability in patients with brain damage.

Can Associative and Dissociative Strategies Affect the Swimming Performance of Recreational Swimmers?

This study examined the effects of association and both internal and external dissociation on the performance, perceived fatigue, and rate of exertion of recreational swimmers during two swimming trials. Before the first swim, 69 participants completed a self-report questionnaire. After the first swim, participants were assigned to one of four groups equated with swim performance times: control, associative, internal dissociative, and external dissociative groups. After completing both the first and second swims, participants completed the Rate of Perceived Exertion, Perceived Fatigue Test, and Subjective Appraisal of Cognitive Strategies. Results showed that the group assigned to the associative strategy swam significantly faster (p < .05) than the control group. No changes were found in perceived fatigue and perceived rating of exertion among the groups between the first and second swim. These findings support the position that associative thinking is an important cognitive strategy in timed performances.