scholarly journals Silvicultural Potential of Handroanthus heptaphyllus Under Doses of Controlled Release Fertilizer and Container Volume, in Nursery and in the Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Jessé C. Mezzomo ◽  
Maristela M. Araujo ◽  
Felipe Turchetto ◽  
Daniele G. Rorato ◽  
Adriana M. Griebeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Fluorescence Of Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The present study aimed to characterize the growth of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seedlings in a nursery, planted under different container volumes and doses of controlled release fertilizer (CRF), and to verify whether the responses obtained in the nursery are confirmed in the field. For the production of seedlings in the nursery, three volumes of container (180 and 280 cm3 polypropylene tubes and 500 cm3 polyethylene bags) and four CRF doses (0, 4, 8, and 12 g L-1 of substrate) were used. At 180 d after emergence, height (H), stem diameter (SD), H:SD ratio, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, Dickson Quality Index, leaf area, root length, and fluorescence of chlorophyll a were evaluated. The same treatments were evaluated again in the field 540 d after planting, and the survival, increase in H and SD, as well as shoot dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll index (a, b and total) were measured. In the nursery, seedlings of H. heptaphyllus responded positively to the volume of the container, as well as the base fertilization using CRF. However, when planted in the field, the plants that received the best nutritional conditions in the nursery showed good performance and was favored in the field. Thus, in the production of quality seedlings, the use of containers of the type polypropylene tubes with 180 cm3, and basic fertilization with 12 g L-1 of CRF conditions that enable growth of H. heptaphyllus in the field are recommended.

scholarly journals Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak (Salacca Zallaca) terhadap Dosis Spora Endomikoriza pada Media Pembawa Pasir Kuarsa dan Zeolit

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
NI KADEK ARYANI ◽  
I NYOMAN RAI ◽  
NI NYOMAN ARI MAYADEWI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf P

Response of Salak Seedlings (Salacca Zallaca) Growth to Dosage of Endomycorrhizal Spore in Quartz Sand and Zeolite Carrier Media. This study aimed to study the effect of endomycorrhizal spore dosage and carrier media that were applied directly to the roots of salak plants. The research designed as factorisl by using Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was number of endomycorrhiza spores consists of 4 levels i.e 0, 75, 150, and 225 spores per 500 g carrier media per polybag, while the second factor was the type of carrier media consist of 2 levels i.e zeolite and quartz sand. The results showed that interaction between endomycorrhizal spore dosage with   carrier   media   did   not   significantly   influence   the   growth   of   salak   seedlings. Endomycorrhizal spores in doses of 75, 150 and 225 spores per polybag increased root infection and leaf P nutrient content compared to control, but seed height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of seedlings not significantly difference. The zeolite carrier media caused root infection by mycorrhizal was higher than quartz sand media, but the P nutrient uptake and seedling growth were not significantly different. Based on the results of this study it is necessary to make a longer observation of the effect of endomycorrhizal spore doses and carrier media on the growth of salak seedlings.

scholarly journals Use of Species-specific Controlled-release Fertilizer Rates to Manage Growth and Quality of Container Nursery Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Clark ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Species Specific

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) application rates or ranges for the production of five 2-gal nursery crops. Plants were evaluated following fertilization with 19N–2.6P–10.8K plus minors, 8–9 month CRF incorporated at 0.15, 0.45, 0.75, 1.05, 1.35, and 1.65 kg·m−3 nitrogen (N). The five crops tested were bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus ×), ‘Magic Carpet’ spirea (Spiraea japonica), ‘Palace Purple’ coral bells (Heuchera micrantha), and rose of sharon (Hibiscus syriacus). Most plant growth characteristics (i.e., growth index, plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight) were greater in high vs. low CRF treatments at the final harvest. Low CRF rates negatively impacted overall appearance and marketability. The species-specific CRF range recommendations were 1.05 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N for rose of sharon, 0.75 to 1.05 kg·m−3 N for ‘Magic Carpet’ spirea, and 0.75 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N for bigleaf hydrangea and ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood, whereas the recommended CRF rate for ‘Palace Purple’ coral bells was 0.75 kg·m−3 N. Overall, species-specific CRF application rates can be used to manage growth and quality of containerized nursery crops during production in a temperate climate.

scholarly journals Growth of Bedding Plants in Substrates Amended with Compost and Fertilized with Three Different Release Rates of a Controlled-release Fertilizer Product

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Standard Application ◽  
Impatiens Wallerana

Growth of `Aladdin Peach Morn' petunia (Petunia × hybrida) and `Accent White' impatiens (Impatiens wallerana) was compared in substrates containing 0%, 30%, 60%, or 100% compost made from biosolids and yard trimmings and fertilized with Nutricote Total 13-13-13 (13N-5.7P-10.8K) Types 70, 100, and 140 incorporated at rates of 0.5x, 1x, 2x, or 3x (x = standard application rate for a medium-feeding crop). Petunia shoot dry weight of plants fertilized with Type 70 incorporated at 0.5x increased as the percentage of compost in the substrate increased from 0% to 60% and then decreased, while shoot dry weight of plants fertilized with Type 70 incorporated at 1x, 2x, or 3x increased as the percentage of compost increased from 0% to 30% and then decreased. Impatiens shoot dry weight of plants fertilized with Type 70 incorporated at 0.5x and 1x also increased as the percentage of compost increased from 0% to 30% and then decreased, while shoot dry weight of plants fertilized at 2x and 3x decreased as the percentage of compost increased from 0% to 100%. Both petunia and impatiens shoot dry weight of plants fertilized with Type 100 and Type 140 incorporated at 0.5x, 1x, 2x, or 3x increased as the percentage of compost increased from 0% to 60% and then decreased.

scholarly journals Controlled-Release Fertiliser and Substrates on Seedling Growth and Quality in Agonandra brasiliensis in Roraima

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline das Graças Souza ◽  
Oscar José Smiderle ◽  
Raiovane Araújo Montenegro ◽  
Thiago Komuro Moriyama ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of different substrates, in the presence and absence of controlled-release fertiliser, on the growth and morphological quality of seedlings of Agonandra brasiliensis Miers ex Benth. & Hook.f., in the state of Roraima, Brazil. The experimental design was a 2 * 5 factorial scheme, with and without the addition of 1.0 g L-1 NPK 18-05-09 formulation controlled-release encapsulated fertiliser (Forth CoteR) and five substrates. The following were evaluated: shoot height (H), collar diameter (CD), increase in shoot length (IncH) and collar diameter (IncCD), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), total dry weight (TDW) and Dickson quality index (DQI). The use of NPK 18-05-09 formulation controlled-release fertiliser (Forth CoteR) in a medium-sand substrate is recommended for obtaining plants of Agonandra brasiliensis of greater robustness, balance of biomass distribution, and a high standard of quality. In the substrate composed of soil from the cerrado + carbonised rice husks - CRH + organic substrate (2:1:1), the addition of NPK 18-05-09 formulation Forth CoteR is not necessary to obtain Agonandra brasiliensis plants of good morphological quality. Substrate 3, composed of soil + CRH (3:1), with or without the addition of NPK 18-05-09 formulation Forth CoteR, is not recommended for producing plants of Agonandra brasiliensis, due to the slow development and reduced morphological quality of the plants.

scholarly journals Container-grown Shrubs Respond Differently to Controlled-release Fertilizer Rates in a Temperate Climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Clark ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Species Specific

To determine the response of container-grown shrubs to controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rate when grown in a temperate climate, Polyon® 19–04–10 + Minors, an 8–9 month CRF, was incorporated into growing substrates for ‘Gro-Low’ fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica Aiton), ‘Goldmound’ spirea (Spiraea × bumalda Burv.) and ‘Bloomerang’® purple lilac (Syringa × ‘Penda’) transplants. Also, a 15–06–11 + Micros, a 10–12 month CRF, was incorporated into growing substrates for ‘Green Mound’ boxwood (Buxus × ‘Green Mound’), ‘Runyan’ yew (Taxus × media) and ‘Emerald’ white-cedar (arborvitae) (Thuja occidentalis L.) transplants, at six rates (0.15, 0.45, 0.75, 1.05, 1.35 and 1.65 kg·m−3 N; 0.25, 0.76, 1.26, 1.77, 2.28 and 2.78 lb·yd−3 N). We observed greater growth index, leaf area, and shoot dry weight at high vs. low CRF rates for the majority of species. Nutrient deficiency symptoms such as light green leaves were observed at low CRF rates for some species, including fragrant sumac, lilac and white-cedar. Optimal species-specific CRF application rates were 1.05 kg·m−3 N (1.77 lb·yd−3 N) for lilac and yew and 0.45 kg·m−3 N (0.76 lb·yd−3 N) for boxwood and white-cedar, while the optimal CRF ranges were 0.75 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N (1.26 to 2.28 lb·yd−3 N) for fragrant sumac and 0.75 to 1.05 kg·m−3 N (1.26 to 1.77 lb·yd−3 N) for spirea. Adjusting CRF application rates based on plant response may provide nursery growers with an efficient tool for managing nursery crop growth and production timing in the temperate climate.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Production of Jatropha, a Potential Biofuel Crop

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Moore ◽  
Scott Greenhut ◽  
Wagner Vendrame
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Biofuel Crop ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The objective of this study was to evaluate greenhouse techniques for the production of jatropha (Jatropha curcas). Jatropha seedlings were transplanted into 1-gal containers filled with bark mix, coir, or peat-based substrate and fertilized with 0, 4.1, 5.9, or 8.3 oz/ft3 of a 15N–4.05P–9.96K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Plants were watered every 2, 3, or 4 days for 80 days in the greenhouse. Jatropha plants grown in peat-based substrate had greater stem diameter and shoot dry weight (SDW) than plants grown in bark mix. For each growing substrate, plants fertilized with 8.3 and 5.9 oz/ft3 of CRF had greater SDW than plants fertilized with 4.1 and 0 oz/ft3 of CRF. Similarly, for all three substrates, plants irrigated every 2 or 3 days had greater SDW than plants irrigated every 4 days. Although jatropha has been classified as a low–nutrient and water requiring plant, the results of this study suggest that increased inputs of fertilizer and water produce larger plants. Further research needs to be conducted on the benefit of larger plants from the greenhouse on subsequent oil production in the field.

scholarly journals Growth of Capillary-Irrigated Andorra Juniper and Sarcoxie Euonymus as Affected by Controlled Release Fertilizer Type and Placement

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Peter R. Hicklenton
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei ◽  
Capillary Bed

Abstract Juniperus horizontalis Moench. ‘Plumosa compacata’ and Euonymus fortunei Turcz. ‘Sarcoxie’ were grown on a sand capillary bed with two types of controlled release fertilizer (3:1 Type 100:Type 40 Nutricote 16N-4.4P-8.1K (16-10-10),and Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.7K (18-6-12) either medium-incorporated, surface-applied or dibbled below the roots. Throughout the growing season, neither leaf area, root or shoot dry weight of euonymus was affected by fertilizer type or placement. Branch length growth and dry weight of juniper was not affected by fertilizer type when fertilizer was surface-applied or medium incorporated. Dibbled Osmocote produced similar results, but dibbled Nutricote resulted in poor root and shoot development in juniper throughout the season. Medium soluble salt concentration (determined on container leachate) was 2800 dS/m in the dibbled Nutricote treatments in June (approximately 2.5 times higher than that in the other treatments). Soluble salts decreased between June 21 and August 16 in all treatments and then remained quite constant until the end of the season (September 13).

scholarly journals Effects of Controlled-Release Fertilizer Placement on Nutrient Leaching and Growth of Bedding Impatiens

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
G.A. Andiru ◽  
C.C. Pasian ◽  
J.M. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Bedding impatiens plants were grown with a 16N-3.9P-10K controlled-release-fertilizer (CRF) of 5–6 or 8–9 month longevities placed at four positions in the container: top-dressed, incorporated, top-one-third, and bottom. These were compared to plants grown with a 20N-4.4P-16.6 water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) at a rate of 150 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N) (150 ppm N). All treatments received the same volume of tap water (CRF treatments) or fertilizer solution (WSF treatment), which was enough to achieve a 20 to 30% leaching fraction. Leachates were collected and measured at each irrigation and the concentrations of N, phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) were measured. Shoot dry weight (SDW) and canopy cover (CC) were also determined. Fertilizing with WSF produced plants of similar size as CRF treatments. CRF applied at the bottom of the substrate leached the highest amount of N among all treatments. Higher concentrations for most nutrients were measured in the leachates from containers treated with 5–6 month CRF during the first 20 d after planting than the next 23 to 34 days. The higher levels of nutrients in the leachates observed within two weeks after planting does not support the use of 5–6 month CRF at the application rates used in this experiment with short-cycle plants such as bedding plants in compared to use of WSF. Except for the bottom placement treatment, the use of 8–9 month CRF resulted in generally less nutrients leached than WSF.

scholarly journals New Guinea Impatiens Growth Response and Nutrient Release from Controlled-release Fertilizer in a Recirculating Subirrigation and Top-watering System

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne L. Richards ◽  
David Wm. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Lower Bound ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri Bull.) `Illusion' were grown in a recirculating subirrigation system under various rates and placements of 14N-6.1P-11.6K (Osmocote; Scotts-Sierra, Marysville, Ohio) resin-coated, controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Four CRF placements (incorporated, top-dressed, bottom, and dibble) were tested. Incorporated placement yielded slightly greater dry weights than the other placements. A rate experiment tested incorporating from 0.5 to 2 times the fertilizer manufacturer's recommended rate of 7.11 kg·m-3. All shoot growth parameters (height, leaf number, shoot, and root fresh and dry weight) exhibited a significant quadratic response, as exemplified by shoot dry weight, where shoot dry weight increased up to the 1.5× rate, after which shoot dry weight decreased. A quadratic response surface model revealed that the optimum rate response ranged from 1.16× rate for height to 1.47× rate for shoot dry weight. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) would be the lowest rate at which one could expect maximum growth response. The lower bound of the 95% CI varied from 0.56× rate for height to 1.30× rate for shoot dry weight. Thus, the lowest rate that would be within the 95% CI for all growth parameters, and thus yield maximum growth response, would be the 1.30× rate. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the growing media increased significantly with increasing CRF rate. At all rates, EC was significantly greater in the top layer than in the middle and bottom layers. Only in the 1.75× and 2× rates did EC exceed the recommended EC levels in the middle and bottom layer. All rates >0.75× exceeded recommended EC in the top layer. Release characteristics and total nutrient balance of the CRF was compared in subirrigated and top-watered systems. There was no significant difference between top-watered and subirrigated treatments for the amount of K recovered in plant tops and released from prills. By day 84, in subirrigation, 46% of the K was still in the prills, 41% was recovered in the plant tops, and 22% was recovered in the medium. Similar results were obtained in the top-watering treatment, except that a lesser amount was recovered in the medium (9%) and a small amount (4%) was recovered in the leachate. The uptake of K by plants and release of K by the CRF were inversely proportional and linear with respect to time. Of the K released from the prills, 77% and 83% were recovered in the plant tops for subirrigation and top-watering, respectively, indicating very high fertilizer use efficiency.

scholarly journals (46) Response of Container-grown Cotoneaster dammeri to Rates of Dibbled and Pre-incorporated Controlled-release Fertilizer in Three Different Media

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054D-1055
Author(s):  
C. Chong ◽  
P. Purvis ◽  
G. Lumis ◽  
M.Z. Alam ◽  
E. Roesler
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Plug-rooted liners of cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid. `Coral Beauty') were grown in 6-L nursery containers filled with three different media: 73 pine bark: 22 peat: 5 pea gravel (Medium 1); 60 pine bark: 25 peat: 15 compost (Medium 2); and 50 pine bark: 50 compost (Medium 3). Plants were fertilized with Polyon (Nutryon) 17–5–12 (17N–2P–5K) 6-month controlled-release fertilizer at various rates (0, 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, and 8.5 kg·m-3 incorporated or dibbled (placed under the liner at potting). Shoot dry weight of cotoneaster increased with increasing fertilizer rates in all three media, and was consistently higher with dibble (calculated maximum ranges, 269-362 g/plant at 6.1–7.5 kg·m-3) than with pre-incorporated (127-263 g/plant at 6.4-8.5 kg·m-3) fertilizer. Trends for root dry weight were similar with dibbled fertilizer but nonsignificant with incorporation, while those for shoot: root ratio were reversed to those for shoot dry weight. Positive correlations were observed between foliar contents of N, P, and K and shoot dry weight from both dibbled and incorporated treatments, as well as root dry weight from dibbled treatments. With incorporation, however, only foliar K was correlated with root dry weight.

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