scholarly journals Autumnal Cultivation of Energetic Plants in Agroecological No-tillage System in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Vagner Antonio Mazeto ◽  
Maurício Ursi Ventura ◽  
Helder Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Francisco Skora Neto ◽  
Ricardo Ralisch
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Tillage System

Cropping energetic plants could provide soil protection, additional incomes to farmers and suppress weed development without loss of food production. It also contributes to the development of no-tillage cultivation in agroecological farming system. Energetic plants such as: sunflower, crambe, canola and safflower were evaluated in no-tillage agroecological farming in autumnal planting, after soybean crop. Higher plant heights were observed in sunflower, flowering [46 days after emergency (dae)] and harvest (108 dae) was first observed in crambe plants. Intermediate earliness was observed in the sunflower (61 and 136 dae, respectively). Biomass was found greater in the sunflower compared to safflower or canola. Intermediate values were obtained for crambe plants. Greater grain and oil yields were found in descending order in sunflower, crambe, canola and cartamo. Despite the drought period occurred during crop development, sunflower and crambe yields were similar or even higher to means, than yields of these same crops in conventional fields in Brazil. Sunflower and crambe were the best options to take part in succession/rotation system after soybean spring/summer crop.

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento do Sistema de Plantio Direto no Brasil: Histórico, Implantação e Culturas Utilizadas

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Dos Santos Fernandes ◽  
Débora Perdigão Tejo ◽  
Klever Márcio Antunes Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Farming System ◽  
The United States ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agriculture Soil ◽  
De Se ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Agricultural Areas

O Sistema de Plantio Direto foi introduzido no Brasil no final da década de 1960, contudo, esse já vinha sendo empregado nos Estados Unidos desde 1950, demonstrando grandes benefícios. O objetivo do trabalho foi abordar o plantio direto no Brasil, expondo suas características e seus benefícios para a conservação do solo. É imprescindível o conhecimento técnico para obter sucesso na implantação deste sistema, e se destacam cuidados com o solo, como identificação do tipo de solo, eliminação de camadas compactadas, nivelamento, correção de acidez, entre outros. A utilização de plantas de cobertura merece atenção, pois proporciona proteção das camadas superiores do solo, evitando a erosão. Dessa forma, devem ser priorizadas as plantas de rápido desenvolvimento, visto que quanto mais rápido o desenvolvimento da espécie, mais rápido serão proporcionados os benefícios físicos ao solo. Além disso, trata-se de uma prática viável de se empregar em áreas de cultivo agrícola. Em conjunto com a adoção do método do plantio direto se pode empregar a prática de rotação de cultura, que também se mostra eficiente no processo de conservação dos recursos naturais, com destaque para o solo. Conclui-se que desde sua implantação, o sistema de plantio direto vem trazendo inúmeras vantagens para a conservação do solo, melhorando a qualidade, aumentando a rentabilidade das áreas de exploração agrícola. Palavras-chave: Agricultura Conservacionista. Conservação do Solo. Manejo do Solo. AbstractThe No-tillage Farming System was introduced in Brazil in the late 1960s, but it had been used in the United States since 1950, showing great benefits. The objective of this work was to address no - tillage in Brazil, exposing its characteristics and its benefits to soil conservation. It is essential the technical knowledge to be successful in the implementation of this system, among them stand out soil care, such as identification of soil type, elimination of compacted layers, leveling, acidity correction, among others. The use of cover plants deserves attention, as it provides protection of the soil upper layers, avoiding erosion. Therefore, fast-growing plants should be prioritized, since the faster the development of the species, the faster the physical benefits will be provided to the soil. In addition, it is a viable practice to employ in agricultural areas. In conjunction with the adoption of the no-tillage method, it is possible to use the crop rotation practice, which is also efficient in the conservation process of natural resources, especially soil. It is concluded that since its implementation, the no-tillage system has brought innumerable advantages to soil conservation, improving its quality, increasing the farm areas profitability. Keywords: Conservationist Agriculture. Soil Conservation. Management. 

scholarly journals Rates of Agricultural Gypsum in Soil Under No-tillage System With Surface Lime in the Southern of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Elaine Damiani Conte ◽  
Leonardo Oliboni do Amaral ◽  
Charle Kramer Borges de Macedo ◽  
Taísa Dal Magro ◽  
Lucas de Ross Marchioretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Environmental Practice ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Chemical Conditions

At the no-tillage system, the surface liming is a good environmental practice, which aims to maintain the physical structure and stocks of carbon in the soil. However, the acidity amelioration is restricted to the surface layer and the use of the gypsum can be an alternative to improve the chemical conditions in subsurface without the soil revolving. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different rates of gypsum, estimated by different methods, in acid soils with application of superficial limestone since the beginning of the implementation of the no-tillage system. The experiment was conduct at a commercial cropping field located at the municipally of Muitos Capões, RS, Southern Brazil in a Red Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in randomized completely blocks design (RCBD), with six treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the superficial application of gypsum in the rates: 0, 3100, 6014, 7875, 9750 and 12400 kg ha-1. At this area, soybean and corn were cultivated and have their productivity evaluated. After 4 and 16 months of the experiment, Ca, Mg and K levels were evaluated at different depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). The results showed an increase in Ca contents to the depth of 10 cm at 4 months after application and at all depths evaluated at 16 months after their application. The application of gypsum decreases the Mg contents to the depth of 20 cm and of potassium at all the depths after 16 months of their application. The effects on soil chemical properties with increasing rate of applied gypsum resulted in higher maize grain yield. So, agricultural gypsum applied in the soil with surface liming is efficient in improving soil chemical conditions in deeper layers in a no-tillage system.

Lime effects in a no-tillage system on Inceptisols in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. e00206 ◽  
Author(s):  
André C. Auler ◽  
Eduardo F. Caires ◽  
Luiz F. Pires ◽  
Shivelly L. Galetto ◽  
Jucimare Romaniw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Tillage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Tillage System

scholarly journals Soil methane oxidation in a long-term no-tillage system in Southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Juliana Gomes ◽  
Frederico Costa Beber Vieira ◽  
Josiléia Accordi Zanatta ◽  
Marisa De Cássia Piccolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Methane Oxidation

scholarly journals INTERVALOS DE TEMPO ENTRE A DESSECAÇÃO DE PASTAGEM DE AZEVÉM E A SEMEADURA DE FEIJÃO, SOJA E MILHO

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio BALBINOT JR ◽  
Gilcimar Adriano VOGT ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell TREZZI ◽  
Milton da VEIGA
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Common ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Livestock System

Na região Sul do Brasil é comum o cultivo de feijão, soja e milho após pastagem anual de inverno, em sistema integração lavoura-pecuária. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de intervalos de tempo entre a dessecação de pastagem de azevém e a semeadura de feijão, soja e milho sobre o desempenho das culturas, em plantio direto. Foram conduzidos três experimentos, um para cada cultura, em Major Vieira, SC, na safra 2009/10, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Foram avaliados quatro intervalos de tempo entre a dessecação do azevém e a semeadura das culturas: 0, 10, 22 e 31 dias. Dessecações de azevém próximas à semeadura das três culturas conferiram maior quantidade de palha e cobertura do solo por esta no momento da semeadura, mas reduziram a cobertura do solo por plantas de feijão, soja e milho no início do ciclo de desenvolvimento. Contudo, a produtividade de grãos e os seus componentes (número de plantas por área, número de vagens/espigas por planta, número de grãos por vagem/espiga e massa do grão) não foram afetados pelos intervalos de tempo entre a dessecação do azevém e a semeadura de feijão, soja e milho. ABSTRACT In crop-livestock system in Southern Brazil is usual the common bean, soybean and corn cropping after annual winter pasture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of time intervals between ryegrass desiccation and the common bean, soybean and corn sowing on crop performance, in no-tillage system. Three experiments were carried out in Major Vieira, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2009/10 crop season. The experimental design was a completely randomized, with three replications. Were evaluated four time intervals between ryegrass desiccation and sowing crops: 0, 10, 22 and 31 days. Ryegrass desiccation near the common bean, soybean and corn sowing showed higher straw production and straw cover at sowing, but decreased the soil cover by crops plants in the beginning of their cycle. However, the grain yields and its components (number of plants per area, number of pods/ears per plant, number of grains per pod/ear and grains mass) were not affected by time intervals between ryegrass desiccation and crops sowing.

scholarly journals RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA EM NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA MORTA NO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO EM SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Franciana Sousa Pereira ◽  
Edson Eiji Matsura ◽  
Francisco Edinaldo Pinto Mousinho ◽  
Douglas Roberto Bizari
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
System 2

RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA EM NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA MORTA NO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO EM SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO  FRANCISCA FRANCIANA SOUSA PEREIRA1; EDSON EIJI MATSURA2; FRANCISCO EDINALDO PINTO MOUSINHO3 E DOUGLAS ROBERTO BIZARI4 1Eng. Agrônoma, Mestre em Engenharia Agrícolapela Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola/FEAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas - SP. E-mail autor principal: [email protected] 2Eng. agrônomo, Prof. Dr. Titular da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola/FEAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas – SP.3Eng. Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. da Universidade Federal do Piauí/UFPI, Teresina - PI.4Eng. Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. do Centro de Ciências Agrárias/CCA, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/UFSCar, São Carlos - SP.  1 RESUMO O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a retenção de água na cobertura morta de milho, crescimento e produção do feijoeiro irrigado em sistema plantio direto. O experimento constituiu-se de dois delineamentos, um para verificar a quantidade de água armazenada na cobertura morta de milho, em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial (3 x 2 x 3), três lâminas de irrigação (L1=0% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETC), L2=50% da ETC e L3=100% da ETC), duas coberturas (6 e 12 Mg ha-1) e três repetições. A retenção de água foi obtida pela pesagem da palhada antes da irrigação, 2 horas e 24 horas depois dos eventos de irrigação, durante o ciclo da cultura. O outro delineamento voltado para analisar o desenvolvimento do feijoeiro, em blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial (3 x 3 x 3), três lâminas (L1=0%, L2=50% e L3=100% da ETC), duas coberturas (6 e 12 Mg ha-1) e a testemunha (sem palha) em três repetições. O maior volume de água retida foi na quantidade de cobertura morta equivalente a 6,0 Mg ha-1. Concluiu-se que a utilização de 12 Mg ha-¹ de cobertura morta de milho proporciona melhor aproveitamento da água pela cultura do feijão irrigado e auxilia na relação solo-água-planta-atmosfera por diminuir a temperatura e a evaporação da água do solo e aumentar a permanência da umidade no perfil do solo e que o crescimento diferenciado do feijoeiro nas condições de cobertura morta avaliadas interfere na retenção de água pela palhada depositada na superfície do solo. Palavras-chave: Resíduos vegetais, armazenamento de água, plantas leguminosas.  PEREIRA, F. F. S.; MATSURA, E. E.; MOUSINHO, F. E.; PBIZARI, D. R.WATER RETENTION IN MULCHING FOR   IRRIGATED BEAN UNDER NO TILLAGE SYSTEM  2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate  water retention in corn mulching, bean growth and  yield in no tillage system. Two experimental designs were used, the first one to evaluate  water retention in  corn mulching using randomized blocks , factorial design (3 x 2 x 3), three irrigation depths (L1 = 0% crop evapotranspiration - Etc,  L2 = 50% Etc and L3 = 100% Etc), two levels of corn mulching (6 and 12 Mg ha-1) and three replicates.   Water retention was obtained by weighing the chaff   before irrigation, two hours and 24 hours after irrigation during the crop development stages. The second design aimed to analyze  bean crop growth using a factorial  randomized block design (3 x 3 x 3), three levels of irrigation  (L1=0%, L2=50% and  L3=100%  ETc), two levels of corn mulching (6 and 12 Mg ha-1) and the control (no mulching) in three replicates.   The highest water retention was found in the 6.0 Mg ha-1  corn mulching level. Therefore, the   use of 12 Mg ha-1  corn mulching level provides better water use by the bean irrigated crop and aids  the soil-plant-water-atmosphere  relationship as it lowers the temperature and evaporation of soil water. Also, it increases the  length of staying of humidity in the soil profile. Moreover, the differentiated growth of bean in the evaluated  mulching conditions interferes in water retention by the chaff on the soil surface.   Keywords: plant residues, water storage, phaseolus vulgaris 

ISSUES OF GREENING THE LAND USE SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
The Creation

Soil protection in agrolandscapes is especially necessary in conditions of intensification of production and increasing anthropogenic pressure on them. This complex should fit into the landscape farming system. The more intensive the load on the land in the farm, the higher the level of soil protection against destruction. The article notes that raising soil fertility, increasing crop yields and ecological environmental improvement are possible only on the basis of agrolandscape farming system, which allows to establish the correct ratio of arable land, meadows and forests. The transition to such a system of agriculture requires: development of a project for agrolandscape land management with a set of anti-erosion measures for each farm; adjusting the structure of sown areas taking into account market conditions, that is, increasing the area of productive crops in demand (winter and spring wheat, perennial grasses), which in combination with occupied and green manure pairs determine the structure of biologized crop rotation; widespread use of legumes (peas, vetch) as factors in the biologization of agriculture. The efficiency of expanding the area of perennial grasses to 25 % of arable land in some areas of the Non-Chernozem region and the Belgorod region is shown. Here, techniques that increase the efficiency of arable land are based on strict adherence to crop rotation with legumes, the use of adaptive varieties, and the use of biologized fertilizer and plant protection systems. It is noted that the creation of a system of shelterbelts makes it possible to reduce the cost of planting and growing them in comparison with single forest belts and what is very important for farmers is to sharply increase the return on their exploitation in the form of increased increases in crop yields. The creation of forest-sized landscapes will improve the environmental conditions for the cultivation of crops.

scholarly journals Improvement of Maize Productivity and N Use Efficiency in a No-Tillage Irrigated Farming System: Effect of Cropping Sequence and Fertilization Management

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Heba S. A. Salama ◽  
Ali I. Nawar ◽  
Hassan E. Khalil ◽  
Ahmed M. Shaalan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Farming System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Egyptian Clover ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
N Use

The sequence of the preceding crops in a no-tillage farming system, could interact with the integrated use of mineral and organic nitrogen (N) sources in a way that improves the growth and productivity of the terminal maize crop, meanwhile, enhancing its N use efficiency (NUE). In the current study, six legume-cereal crop sequences, including faba bean, soybean, Egyptian clover, wheat, and maize were evaluated along two experimental rotations that ended up by planting the terminal maize crop. In addition, the effects of applying variable mineral nitrogen (MN) rates with and without the incorporation of farmyard manure (FYM) on the productive performance of maize and its NUE were tested. The field experiments were conducted in a no-tillage irrigated farming system in Northern Egypt, a location that is characterized by its arid, Mediterranean climate. Results revealed that increasing the legume component in the evaluated crop sequences, up to 75%, resulted in improved maize ear leaf area, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index, thus, a higher final grain yield, with the inclusion of Egyptian clover was slightly better than faba bean. Comparing the crop sequences with 50% legume contribution uncovered the positive effects of soybean preceding crop on the terminal maize crop. Substituting 25% of the applied MN with FYM resulted in similar maize yields to the application of the equivalent 100% MN rates. The fertilizer treatments significantly interacted with the crop sequences in determining the maize grain yield, where the highest legume crop contribution in the crop sequence (75%) equalized the effects of the different fertilizer treatments on maize grain yield. The integrated use of FYM with MN in maize fertilization improved the NUE compared to the application of MN alone. Comparing fertilization treatments with similar MN content, with and without FYM, revealed that the difference in NUE was attributed to the additional amount of FYM. In similar conditions to the current study, it is recommended to grow faba bean two years before maize, while Egyptian clover could be grown directly preceding maize growth, with frequent inclusion of soybean in the sequence, this could be combined with the application of an average of 200 kg MN ha−1 in addition to FYM.

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