scholarly journals Evaluation of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Productivity in Relation to Termite Attacks in Rural Area in Tivaouane (Senegal)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Arfang Mafoudji Sonko ◽  
Dienaba Sall ◽  
Mouhamadou Moustapha Ndiaye ◽  
Abdoulaye Baïla Ndiaye

In Senegal, the cassava harvest, produced mainly in the department of Tivaouane (Thies), is 7.5 t/ha on average for a potential of 40 t/ha. The main variety produced in Tivaouane is Soya. The objective of this study is to evaluate the productivity of the soya variety farmed in Tivaouane in relation to termite damage. Specifically, it is intended to i) evaluate losses caused by termites and missing plants ii) evaluate the average number of tubers per plant, the average weight of a tuber and iii) calculate the yield of cassava production of the Soya variety farmed in Tivaouane. The methodology is based on sampling in order to evaluate parameters such as losses due to termites and missing plants, evaluation of the number of tubers per plant, the average weight of a tuber and the productivity of this variety of cassava. The average loss due to termite attack on dead feet is 1.2 t/ha and the loss due to missing feet is estimated at 3.4 t/ha. The average number of tubers per stand is 2.8 with an average weight of 1.1 kg per tuber. The theoretical yield obtained is 11 t/ha. The low average number of tubers is related to the variety, the quality of the soil and the crop conditions. However, the productivity of this variety of cassava cropped in Tivaouane is still low considering the potential of Senegal in terms of annual cassava production. An improvement in crop conditions, such as the way cuttings are planted, would be an advantage in increasing the productivity of the Soya variety.

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Sengsoulichan Dethvongsa ◽  
Vu Nguyen Anh ◽  
Van Tran Khanh

RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) is an indicator for high and stable polymorphism, widely used in the study of the diversity of cassava. In this paper, the results of using 20 polymorphic primers OPK combined with the establishment of the phylogenetic tree to analyze the genetic diversity of 26 cassava varieties with different responses to waterlogging conditions by using the RAPD-PCR technique were presented. The purpose of this experiment was to show the genetic relevance of the studied cassava varieties. The results showed that the flood tolerance of cassava was not related to the polymorphism and branching characteristics of the stem. This information may be use as a basis for selecting flood-tolerant cassava varieties for cassava production, as well as the basis for selecting genetically different parents for breeding.


2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Vandegeer ◽  
Rebecca E. Miller ◽  
Melissa Bain ◽  
Roslyn M. Gleadow ◽  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the staple food source for over 850 million people worldwide. Cassava contains cyanogenic glucosides and can be toxic to humans, causing paralysing diseases such as konzo, and even death if not properly processed. Konzo epidemics are often associated with times of drought. This may be due to a greater reliance on cassava as it is drought tolerant, but it may also be due to an increase in cyanogenic glucosides. Episodic droughts are forecast to become more common in many cassava-growing regions. We therefore sought to quantify the effect of water-stress on both yield and cyanogenic glucoside concentration (CNc) in the developing tubers of cassava. Five-month-old plants were grown in a glasshouse and either well watered or droughted for 28 days. A subset of droughted plants was re-watered half way through the experiment. Droughted plants had 45% fewer leaves and lower tuber yield, by 83%, compared with well-watered plants. CNc was 2.9-fold higher in the young leaves of droughted plants, whereas CNc in tubers from droughted plants was 4-fold greater than in tubers from well-watered plants. Re-watered plants had a similar biomass to control plants, and lower CNc than droughted plants. These findings highlight the important link between food quality and episodic drought.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mapiemfu Lamare ◽  
A.F Ngome ◽  
E.F Eyenga ◽  
J.E.G Mbassi ◽  
C Suh

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Alberto Kazushi Nagaoka ◽  
Fernando César Bauer ◽  
Guinther Hugo Grudtner ◽  
Aldir Carpes Marques Filho ◽  
Nuno de Campos Filho

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE UMA PLANTADORA DE MANDIOCA SOB SISTEMA DE PLANTIO DIRETO TRACIONADA POR TRATOR DE RABIÇAS   ALBERTO KASUSHI NAGAOKA1, FERNANDO CÉSAR BAUER2, GUINTHER HUGO GRUDTNER3, ALDIR CARPES MARQUES FILHO4, NUNO CAMPOS FILHO5   1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSC, (Rua Admar Gonzaga, 1346 –Itacorubi, Florianópolis, 88034-000), [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSC, (Rua Admar Gonzaga, 1346 –Itacorubi, Florianópolis, 88034-000), [email protected] 3 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSC, (Rua Admar Gonzaga, 1346 –Itacorubi, Florianópolis-SC, 88034-000), [email protected] 4  Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, (Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Jd. Paraíso- Botucatu-SP, 18610-034), [email protected] 5 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSC, (Rua Admar Gonzaga, 1346 –Itacorubi, Florianópolis, 88034-000), [email protected]   RESUMO: A produção de mandioca possui grande importância nas regiões onde predomina a agricultura familiar em pequenas propriedades rurais, assim a mecanização do cultivo pode promover o incremento de produtividade e otimizar o rendimento operacional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de uma plantadora de mandioca em sistema de plantio direto, tracionada por um trator de rabiças, através de dois ensaios de campo. No primeiro ensaio a plantadora foi avaliada em função de três velocidades distintas, obtendo dados de potência exigida pelo conjunto trator-plantadora e por cada parte constituinte da máquina. No segundo ensaio, avaliou-se a plantadora sob duas velocidades, dois modelos de discos de corte, dois modelos de rodas compactadoras e a potência exigida para tracioná-la, além da distribuição longitudinal das plantas de mandioca. Os resultados do primeiro ensaio mostraram que a marcha de menor velocidade exigiu menor potência do trator. Já os resultados do segundo ensaio, demonstraram que a potência exigida do trator variou em função do tipo de disco de corte e de roda compactadora da plantadora. Para a avaliação da distribuição longitudinal, a plantadora avaliada não apresentou diferenças estatísticas na percentagem de espaçamentos aceitáveis, falhos e duplos entre as linhas de plantio.   Palavras-chave: manihot esculenta crantz, mecanização, máquina.   EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF CASSAVA IN NO TILLAGE, WITH TRACTOR OF HANDLEBARS   ABSTRACT: Cassava production is one of the greatest important in regions where family agriculture and small farms are predominant. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of a no-till cassava planter traced by a tractor of handlebar, through two field trials. In the first trial the planter was evaluated according to three speeds, obtaining data of power required by the tractor-planter assembly and each constituent part of the planter. In the second test, the planter was evaluated under two speeds, two models of cutting discs, two models of compacting wheels and the power required drawing it, besides the longitudinal distribution of cassava. The results of the first test showed that lower speed gear required less tractor power. The results of the second test, however, showed that the required power of the tractor varied according to the type of cutting disc and the compactor wheel of the planter. For the evaluation of longitudinal distribution, the planter evaluated did not present statistical differences in the percentage of acceptable, faulty and double spacing between the planting lines.   Keywords: manihot esculenta crantz, mechanization, machine.


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