Evaluation of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Productivity in Relation to Termite Attacks in Rural Area in Tivaouane (Senegal)

In Senegal, the cassava harvest, produced mainly in the department of Tivaouane (Thies), is 7.5 t/ha on average for a potential of 40 t/ha. The main variety produced in Tivaouane is Soya. The objective of this study is to evaluate the productivity of the soya variety farmed in Tivaouane in relation to termite damage. Specifically, it is intended to i) evaluate losses caused by termites and missing plants ii) evaluate the average number of tubers per plant, the average weight of a tuber and iii) calculate the yield of cassava production of the Soya variety farmed in Tivaouane. The methodology is based on sampling in order to evaluate parameters such as losses due to termites and missing plants, evaluation of the number of tubers per plant, the average weight of a tuber and the productivity of this variety of cassava. The average loss due to termite attack on dead feet is 1.2 t/ha and the loss due to missing feet is estimated at 3.4 t/ha. The average number of tubers per stand is 2.8 with an average weight of 1.1 kg per tuber. The theoretical yield obtained is 11 t/ha. The low average number of tubers is related to the variety, the quality of the soil and the crop conditions. However, the productivity of this variety of cassava cropped in Tivaouane is still low considering the potential of Senegal in terms of annual cassava production. An improvement in crop conditions, such as the way cuttings are planted, would be an advantage in increasing the productivity of the Soya variety.

Improve potato seeds in potato seed farming: practical account

The technological process of growing potato seed material begins with the acquisition of the source material and its accelerated reproduction to the required volumes. To include new perspective varieties and hybrids in seed programs, they must be released from a viral infection. Exemption from viruses is a responsible, time-consuming and costly process that requires professionalism, but in the absence of this stage, promising varieties cannot participate in the implementation of seed programs. Only in vitro, a material thoroughly assessed with regard to the presence of pathogens, the varietal typicality and severity of the main variety distinctive features can ensure the high quality of seed potatoes in basic seed production.

Variety Characterization and Influence of Olive Maturity in Virgin Olive Oils from the Area Assigned to the Protected Designation of Origin “Aceite de la Alcarria” (Spain)

In this first contribution to the study of virgin olive oils from the area assigned to the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) “Aceite de la Alcarria” (Spain), both monovarietal oils obtained under ideal conditions in a pilot plant, as well as blend oils made in the oil mills located in the study area, were characterized. Special interest was focused on the influence of the ripening state of the fruits. The oils from the Castellana variety, the main variety found in the study area, were characterized by a high content of tocopherols, medium oxidative stability and high content in palmitic, palmitoleic and linolenic acids. As the ripening process progresses, the oils lose fruitiness, bitterness, pungency, stability, and some organoleptic defects appear, to the point of lowering the category (from extra virgin to virgin) in some of the Castellana samples. Thus, early collection of olives of this variety is recommended.

The new common tomato accessions of the strain test nursery

Goal. To evaluate breeding accessions of common tomato for major economically valuable traits, to select the most valuable ones for further breeding. Results and discussion. The article presents the results of studying common tomato accessions in the main variety trial nursery at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture in 2011 – 2015, which were used in breeding to create new high-yielding common tomato varieties. Lines L 348 (82.5 t/ha), L 394 (77.1 t/ha), L 396 (75.3 t/ha), L 352 (75.3 t/ha), L 86 (76.5 t/ha) were the best in terms of the total yield, which exceeded those of varieties Naddniprianskyi 1 and Lahidnyi (standards) by 10 – 21 % and 19 – 30 %, respectively. The evenness of ripening in these accessions was 81 – 87 %; the fruit marketability - 83 – 93 %. New intensive variety Yuvileinyi and promising lines Preliudiia and Kometa were characterized. Conclusions. Promising common tomato lines created at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture have a high potential performance and are adapted to the southern steppe of Ukraine, which allows using them in breeding to create new varieties of this crop, which would not be inferior to the world analogues.

Locating variation in the dative alternation

This paper investigates the structure of the dative alternation in dialects of Northwest British English. This includes theme passivization of apparent Double Object Constructions (It was given her). Detailed investigation shows that different dialects use distinct licensing strategies to derive the Theme passive structure. The main variety discussed is Liverpool English, where Theme passivisation is shown to derive from a prepositional dative with a null preposition. In contrast, Manchester English, a neighbouring variety, derives Theme passives of the Double Object Construction, via an Applicative configuration (Haddican 2010, Haddican and Holmberg 2012). The study shows that a range of syntactic properties and restrictions on a structure can be traced back to variation in the functional lexicon.

Types of Informants

This chapter introduces a typology of confidential informants. Through assessing the motivation/reason that informants become such and whether law enforcement adopts a passive or active role in soliciting information from such person we construct a four category typology of confidential informants. By examining whether informants are coerced or volunteers and whether police simply receive information or actively work on and with individuals to attain desired information the varieties of cooperating sources, civic-minded sources, indentured informants and entrepreneurs are defined and discussed. How each main variety of informant interacts with law enforcement and the structure of such relationships is prioritized.

The Ilha Anchieta Quartz Monzonite: the southernmost expression of ca. 500 Ma post-collisional magmatism in the Ribeira Belt

The Ilha Anchieta Quartz Monzonite (IAQM) occupies most of the homonymous island in the coast of the state of São Paulo, and is intrusive into foliated rocks of the ~565 Ma Ubatuba Charnockite. The main petrographic variety is a porphyritic biotite-hornblende quartz monzonite with 2-4 cm tabular microcline megacrysts set in a medium-grained groundmass and magmatic foliation. Outcrop-scale structures indicate cumulative processes (modal and grain-size magmatic banding) and interaction with basic magmas (mafic microgranular enclaves). Lithogeochemical data indicates that the main variety is intermediate to acid (S1O2 = 63-67%), alkali-calcic, metaluminous and magnesian (mg# ~30), showing moderate Sr (300-400 ppm) and Ba (~1500 ppm) contents and relatively high HFSE (Nb = 40 ppm; Zr = 550-700 ppm). The older charnockites are more silicic (S1O2 = 71-78%), ferroan(mg# = 12-16), and have very low Sr (13-80 ppm) contents, resulting in Ba/Sr ratios remarkably higher than the IAQM (10 versus 4). LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating of the IAQM yielded 499.7 ± 5.9 Ma. This is the youngest magmatic age identified so far in the crystalline basement of the state of São Paulo, and indicates that the pluton is the southernmost expression of the post-collisional "G5" magmatism in the Ribeira Belt.

Are `Oblonga' and `Frantoio' Olives the Same Cultivar?

The cultivar Oblonga may have originated from a volunteer seedling at an orchard near Corning, Calif., about 1940. Its main virtue is its high degree of resistance to Verticillium dahliae. `Frantoio' is the main variety in Italy and has been planted worldwide because of its high content of top-quality oil. In the present study, we show that both cultivars have the same fifteen morphological and eight agronomical traits and both have amplified the same patterns for 22 RAPD primers and five SSRs. This indicates that `Oblonga' and `Frantoio' are probably the same cultivar.

Comparison of thein vitrorumen fermentation of forage legumes sesbania rostrata and sesbania aculeata

Sesbania is a rapidly growing leguminous shrub mainly used for improving soil fertility in Bangladesh. Recently farmers have shown growing interest in the use this plant as an animal feed. The main variety of Sesbania grown in Bangladesh isSesbania aculeata(SA), however, recently a new variety has been introduced,Sesbania rostrata(SR)which has become popular with farmers due to its high production characteristics, the robust nature of the plants and the fact that it can be propagated vegetatively. A recent study has shown that the use of Sesbania leaf as a supplement to lactating cows given a urea treated straw based diet has a beneficial effect on performance (Khan et al.1989). When used as a suitable protein supplement, particularly for straws, browse legume must have a high protein content to supply both fermentable and undegradable protein and also should contain other critical nutrients & micronutrients (Preston, 1986). Since the new variety shows improved production and growth characteristics compared to SA, a comparative study was undertaken to assess their nutrient contents and the effect of time of cutting and drying method on digestibilityin vitro.