scholarly journals Effects of Organic Residues on Soil Properties and Sesame Water Use Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Anguria ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Richard N. Onwonga ◽  
Michael A. Ugen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Short Rains

A study was conducted at the National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute-Serere, Uganda for three seasons (2013 short rains, 2014 long rains and 2014 short rains) to investigate the effect of crop residues and animal manure on soil bulk density (SBD), soil moisture content (SMC) and water use efficiency (WUE) of sesame. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised: control, 4 crop residues, 2 animal manures and combinations of 2 animal manures and 4 crop residues all applied at two rates of 3 and 6 t/ha. Plots treated with 6 t/ha of millet husks produced the highest SMC (37.46%) and lowest SBD (1.1717 g/cm3) across seasons; while plots treated with 3 t/ha of millet husks produced the highest WUE of sesame (9.92 kg ha-1 mm-1) across seasons compared with other crop residue and animal manure treatments applied singly. Soil moisture content was highest (38.09%) and SBD lowest (1.0520 g/cm3) across seasons in plots treated with 6 t/ha of poultry manure plus millet husks; while plots amended with 3 t/ha of poultry manure plus millet husks produced the highest WUE of sesame (9.40 g/cm3) across seasons compared with other treatments. Crop residues influenced SMC and SBD in the order; millet husks > cowpea husks > sorghum husks > groundnut shells. Crop residues affected WUE of sesame in the order; millet husks > sorghum husks > groundnut shells > cowpea husks. This study has demonstrated that poultry manure plus millet husks have a potential to enhance WUE of sesame.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Moisture Content and Animal Manure Application on the Growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Yaya Sunarya ◽  
Enok Sumarsih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of the research was to study the interaction between soil moisture content and animal manure application on the growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt). The experiment was conducted in May until September 2016 in Kampung Lembur Sawah, Kamulyan Village, Manonjaya Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency. A pot experiment was performed using a factorial design consisting of two factors and three replicates. The factors were soil moisture content (K) consisting of four levels i.e. k1 (100% field capacity (FC)), k2 (150% FC), k3 (200% FC), and k4 (250% FC); and animal manure application (P) consisting of p1 (cattle manure), p2 (broiler chicken manure), and p3 (sheep manure). The indicators of plant growth, i.e. plant height, number of tiller, fresh weight and dry weight of plant biomass, shoot/root ratio, percentage of  the >75cm-long stems, water consumption, and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured.  The results showed that  there was an interaction effect between the soil moisture content and animal manure application on the number of tiller at 45 days after planting (DAP), the percentage of the >75 cm-long stems, and the water consumption. The sheep manure application at any levels of soil moisture content resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, water use efficiency, and quality of stem (the percentage of the >75cm-long stems). The soil moisture content above the field capacity resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, indicating that Mendong is more suitable to grow on the land with the soil moisture content above the field capacity or saturated soil during the whole growing period. Keywords: Manure, Mendong, soil moisture content

scholarly journals Physiological responses to drought of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl in semi-arid conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Antonio Lucineudo Oliveira Freire
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) plants grown in the field, in Caatinga, during wet and dry seasons. Adult plants were selected for evaluation in March and April (wet season) and May and June (dry season), during 2016. We evaluated the soil water content, water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψπ), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), photosynthetic rate (A), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci). The reduction in water availability in the soil promoted a marked decrease in soil water potential, which was more affected than the relative water content. The opening of the stomata was affected by the decrease in soil moisture content, reducing the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. The photosynthesis was more affected than transpiration by the reduction in soil moisture content.

scholarly journals Quantifying Effects of Selected Soil Fertility Management Techniques on Water Use Efficiency in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Beryl Etemesi ◽  
Felix K. Ngetich ◽  
Milka N. Kiboi ◽  
Abdi Zeila ◽  
Noah Adamtey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Techniques

Declining rainfall distribution and variability lead to low soil moisture amounts and high evapotranspiration rates reducing water use efficiency that negatively affects crop productivity. Various soil fertility management techniques have been put in place to improve soil fertility status, but there is little attempt to asses their effects on water use efficiency and grain yields. The overall objective of the study was to quantify the effects of soil fertility management techniques on water use efficiency in the Central Highlands of Kenya. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with fourteen treatments replicated four times. Treatments were sole mineral fertilizer (Rf), crop residues + mineral fertilizer (RMf), crop residues + mineral fertilizer + animal manure (RMfM), crop residue + Tithonia diversifolia + animal manure (RTiM), crop residue + Tithonia diversifolia + rock phosphate (RTiP). Data on yield and water use efficiency was analysed using statistical analysis systems software version 9.2 at P=0.05. We observed significant (P<.0001) effect of the treatment on biomass water use efficiency during the short rains 2017, however, there was no significant effect of the treatments on grain water use efficiency because of the frequent dry spells that occurred during the study period. Soil fertility management techniques had a significant effect on grain yield at P<.0001 during the study period. Yields increased significantly (P<0001) under Rf, RMf, RMfM RTiM and RTiP by 90, 110, 120, and 176%, respectively. Water use efficiency also increased significantly under Rf, RMf, RMfM RTiM and RTiP by 200, 140, 180, 129, and 176%, respectively compared to the control. From the study, the combination of organic inputs and mineral fertilisers enhanced water use efficiency and yield hence provides a preferred practise for improved water use efficiency and yield increase.

Effect of Limited Irrigation and Nitrogen on Ecological Index and Water Use of Arabica Coffee

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 746-749
Author(s):  
Xiao Gang Liu ◽  
Yuan Zhong ◽  
Xin Le Wang ◽  
Qi Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mass Accumulation

The objective of this study was to explore the water and nitrogen coupling use efficiency and optimal control of water and nitrogen environment, Pot experiment was conducted in intelligent greenhouse, and the interactive impact of water and nitrogen on ecological characteristics and water use of arabica coffee was investigated. Using four irrigation levels, i.e. sufficient irrigation (SI, soil moisture content was 75%~85% of soil field capacity), light deficit irrigation (DI1, soil moisture content was 65%~75% of soil field capacity), medium deficit irrigation (DI2, soil moisture content was 55%~65% of soil field capacity) and serious deficit irrigation (DI3, soil moisture content was 45%~55% of soil field capacity), and four fertilizer levels of N, i.e. high nitrogen (NH), medium nitrogen (NM ), low nitrogen (NL), non-nitrogen (NN). The results showed that increase of irrigation or N rate was helpful to improve the ecological and morphological index of arabica coffee (plant height, basal stem, leaf area and shoot length). Compared to the NN treatment, N application could increase dry mass accumulation and water use efficiency (WUE) by 10.88%~37.49% and 24.73%~33.01% respectively. Compared to the DI3 treatment, increase of irrigation could increase dry mass accumulation and WUE by 82.54%~163.27% and 34.40%~39.66% respectively. Low nitrogen combined sufficient irrigation treatment could promote morphological characteristics of arabica coffee seedling and ensure higher dry mass accumulation and WUE simultaneously.

Water demand and water use efficiency of winter barley in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Z. Varga-Haszonits ◽  
E. Enzsölné Gerencsér ◽  
Z. Lantos ◽  
Z. Varga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Use Efficiency

The temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and water use were investigated for winter barley. Evaluations were carried out on a database containing meteorological and yield data from 15 stations. The spatial distribution of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency (WUE) was evaluated from 1951 to 2000 and the moisture conditions during the growth period of winter barley were investigated. The water supply was found to be favourable, since the average values of soil moisture remained above the lower limit of favourable water content throughout the growth period, except for September–December and May–June. The actual evapotranspiration tended to be close to the potential evapotranspiration, so the water supplies were favourable throughout the vegetation period. The calculated values of WUE showed an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990, but the lower level of agricultural inputs caused a decline after 1990. The average values of WUE varied between 0.87 and 1.09 g/kg in different counties, with higher values in the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain. The potential yield of winter barley can be calculated from the maximum value of WUE. Except in the cooler northern and western parts of the country, the potential yield of winter barley, based on the water supply, could exceed 10 t/ha.

Studies of the Drip Method of Irrigation

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Abrol ◽  
S. P. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Surface Evaporation ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Reduced Surface

SUMMARYA comparison has been made of drip and conventional check basin methods of irrigation, using onions and ladies finger as test crops. Significant increases in yield and water use efficiency in drip irrigated over conventionally irrigated plots resulted from increased availability of soil moisture at low tensions and reduced surface evaporation losses. Reduced soil strength in drip irrigated plots was also a factor resulting in increased yield of onions.

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