Effect of Limited Irrigation and Nitrogen on Ecological Index and Water Use of Arabica Coffee

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 746-749
Author(s):  
Xiao Gang Liu ◽  
Yuan Zhong ◽  
Xin Le Wang ◽  
Qi Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mass Accumulation

The objective of this study was to explore the water and nitrogen coupling use efficiency and optimal control of water and nitrogen environment, Pot experiment was conducted in intelligent greenhouse, and the interactive impact of water and nitrogen on ecological characteristics and water use of arabica coffee was investigated. Using four irrigation levels, i.e. sufficient irrigation (SI, soil moisture content was 75%~85% of soil field capacity), light deficit irrigation (DI1, soil moisture content was 65%~75% of soil field capacity), medium deficit irrigation (DI2, soil moisture content was 55%~65% of soil field capacity) and serious deficit irrigation (DI3, soil moisture content was 45%~55% of soil field capacity), and four fertilizer levels of N, i.e. high nitrogen (NH), medium nitrogen (NM ), low nitrogen (NL), non-nitrogen (NN). The results showed that increase of irrigation or N rate was helpful to improve the ecological and morphological index of arabica coffee (plant height, basal stem, leaf area and shoot length). Compared to the NN treatment, N application could increase dry mass accumulation and water use efficiency (WUE) by 10.88%~37.49% and 24.73%~33.01% respectively. Compared to the DI3 treatment, increase of irrigation could increase dry mass accumulation and WUE by 82.54%~163.27% and 34.40%~39.66% respectively. Low nitrogen combined sufficient irrigation treatment could promote morphological characteristics of arabica coffee seedling and ensure higher dry mass accumulation and WUE simultaneously.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Moisture Content and Animal Manure Application on the Growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Yaya Sunarya ◽  
Enok Sumarsih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of the research was to study the interaction between soil moisture content and animal manure application on the growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt). The experiment was conducted in May until September 2016 in Kampung Lembur Sawah, Kamulyan Village, Manonjaya Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency. A pot experiment was performed using a factorial design consisting of two factors and three replicates. The factors were soil moisture content (K) consisting of four levels i.e. k1 (100% field capacity (FC)), k2 (150% FC), k3 (200% FC), and k4 (250% FC); and animal manure application (P) consisting of p1 (cattle manure), p2 (broiler chicken manure), and p3 (sheep manure). The indicators of plant growth, i.e. plant height, number of tiller, fresh weight and dry weight of plant biomass, shoot/root ratio, percentage of  the >75cm-long stems, water consumption, and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured.  The results showed that  there was an interaction effect between the soil moisture content and animal manure application on the number of tiller at 45 days after planting (DAP), the percentage of the >75 cm-long stems, and the water consumption. The sheep manure application at any levels of soil moisture content resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, water use efficiency, and quality of stem (the percentage of the >75cm-long stems). The soil moisture content above the field capacity resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, indicating that Mendong is more suitable to grow on the land with the soil moisture content above the field capacity or saturated soil during the whole growing period. Keywords: Manure, Mendong, soil moisture content

scholarly journals Physiological responses to drought of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl in semi-arid conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Antonio Lucineudo Oliveira Freire
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) plants grown in the field, in Caatinga, during wet and dry seasons. Adult plants were selected for evaluation in March and April (wet season) and May and June (dry season), during 2016. We evaluated the soil water content, water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψπ), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), photosynthetic rate (A), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci). The reduction in water availability in the soil promoted a marked decrease in soil water potential, which was more affected than the relative water content. The opening of the stomata was affected by the decrease in soil moisture content, reducing the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. The photosynthesis was more affected than transpiration by the reduction in soil moisture content.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Residues on Soil Properties and Sesame Water Use Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Anguria ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Richard N. Onwonga ◽  
Michael A. Ugen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Short Rains

A study was conducted at the National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute-Serere, Uganda for three seasons (2013 short rains, 2014 long rains and 2014 short rains) to investigate the effect of crop residues and animal manure on soil bulk density (SBD), soil moisture content (SMC) and water use efficiency (WUE) of sesame. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised: control, 4 crop residues, 2 animal manures and combinations of 2 animal manures and 4 crop residues all applied at two rates of 3 and 6 t/ha. Plots treated with 6 t/ha of millet husks produced the highest SMC (37.46%) and lowest SBD (1.1717 g/cm3) across seasons; while plots treated with 3 t/ha of millet husks produced the highest WUE of sesame (9.92 kg ha-1 mm-1) across seasons compared with other crop residue and animal manure treatments applied singly. Soil moisture content was highest (38.09%) and SBD lowest (1.0520 g/cm3) across seasons in plots treated with 6 t/ha of poultry manure plus millet husks; while plots amended with 3 t/ha of poultry manure plus millet husks produced the highest WUE of sesame (9.40 g/cm3) across seasons compared with other treatments. Crop residues influenced SMC and SBD in the order; millet husks > cowpea husks > sorghum husks > groundnut shells. Crop residues affected WUE of sesame in the order; millet husks > sorghum husks > groundnut shells > cowpea husks. This study has demonstrated that poultry manure plus millet husks have a potential to enhance WUE of sesame.

scholarly journals Effect of deficit irrigation and in situ moisture conservation on soil moisture content and frequency of irrigation in kiwifruit cultivar Allison

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2093-2098
Author(s):  
Preet Pratima ◽  
N. Sharma ◽  
Rajesh Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The effect of deficit irrigation and in situ moisture conservation in kiwifruit cv. Allison vines was studied during the years 2011 and 2012 in the Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, HP, India. Soil moisture content and frequency of irrigation were investigated in kiwifruit in response to deficit irrigation and in situ moisture conservation techniques. Seven treatments viz., irrigation at 80 per cent Field Capacity (T1), 60 per cent Field Capacity (T2) and 40 per cent Field Capacity (T3), 60 per cent Field Capacity (FC) plus grass mulch (T4) or black polythene (T5) and 40 per cent FC plus grass mulch (T6) or black polythene (T7) were applied from March to October with three replications in Randomized Block Design (RBD). During the year 2011, the soil moisture content under kiwifruit vines was highest under the treatment T1 (15.3, 16.9) , followed by T5 (15.2, 16.8) and T4 (14.9, 16.6) at 30 cm and at 60 cm soil depth, respectively. Whereas, during the year 2012, the soil moisture content under kiwifruit vines was highest under the treatment T1 (14.9, 16.4), followed by T5 (15.0, 16.3) and T4 (14.6, 16.1) at 30 cm and at 60 cm soil depth, respectively. However,the least soil moisture content was, however, observed under T3 (11.0, 12.8) at 30 cm and 60 cm soil depth , respectively, during the year 2011, similarly, during the year 2012, the least soil moisture content was also observed under T3 (10.6, 12.7) at 30 cm and 60 cm soil depth, respectively. The frequency of irrigation was highest under T1 (16 irrigations) followed T2 (10 irrigations) while the least was recorded under T6 and T7 (7irrigations). Total numbers of irrigations applied were reduced from 16 (under T1) to 8 (under T5). The use of black plastic mulch may be beneficial as it helped to conserve moistureunder DI regime which is comparable to those in well irrigated vines. It may also reduce the high irrigation requirement of kiwifruit in areas where sufficient water is not available.

Water-Fertilizer Coupling Effects and Efficient Utilization under Peanut-Millet Interplanting Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Liang Shan Feng ◽  
Zhan Xiang Sun ◽  
Jia Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Factor Interactions ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In this study, the results showed that water is the most important factor to affect crop yields and optimum soil moisture is lower under the conditions of peanut-and-millet interplanting. Thus, peanut-and-millet interplanting is generally able to fit most of the semi-arid region. In the interaction of various factors, the coupling effect of water and phosphorus was stronger than the coupling effect of fertilizers, following by the coupling effect of water and nitrogen. Among peanuts factors of water, nitrogen, and multi-factorial interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus, water and nitrogen showed a negative effect, whereas the two-factor interactions had a positive effect. There were some differences between peanut and millet in the need for water and fertilizer, in which peanut required more nitrogen and millet needed slightly higher soil moisture and phosphorus. When other factors were in rich level, both of the optimal value for single factors of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus and the optimal value for two-factor interactions of water-nitrogen, water-phosphorus, and nitrogen-phosphorus, were higher than the optimal value for the interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The tiny demand difference on moisture in peanut-millet interplanting could be compromised by configuring a reasonable interplanting population structure and the corresponding demand difference on fertilizer could be resolved by uneven crop planting strips. Under the condition of water-nitrogen-phosphorus interaction, the soil moisture content optimal for peanut accounted for 57.3% of the field capacity, and the related appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.98 g/pot (81.18 kg/hm2) and 0.39g/pot (32.18 kg/hm2), respectively. Likewise, the soil moisture content optimal for millet was 59.1% of the field capacity, and the counterpart appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.57 g/pot (47.03 kg/hm2) and 0.45g / pot (37.13 kg/hm2), respectively.

TIME OF SAMPLING AFTER AN IRRIGATION TO DETERMINE FIELD CAPACITY OF SOIL

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation

Drainage curves following irrigation were determined at six depths in eight soils having unrestricted drainage but varying widely in soil texture. The field capacities were determined under relatively high rates of evapotranspiration. The time after irrigation that it was necessary to wait before sampling the soil, to determine field capacity, was also determined. A high positive correlation was obtained between the log of field capacity in inches and the log of time after irrigation at which to sample the soil. The time varied from about 0.5 day with 1.5 in. field capacity to 4.0 days with 35 in. From the curves of soil moisture content versus time, the errors caused by sampling too soon or too late were determined. The percentage error (i.e. percent of field capacity) increased with an increase in the error in time of sampling; it decreased with an increase in field capacity in inches; and it was greater when sampling was too soon than when it was too late.

scholarly journals Root Regeneration of Fall-Lifted White Spruce Nursery Stock in Relation to Soil Moisture Content

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Day ◽  
G. R. MacGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Nursery Stock

The root regenerating potential of fall-lifted 2+0 white spruce nursery stock is described after transplanting into soil-maintained at 8, 10 and 15% soil moisture content (SMC) in glass fronted root boxes. At 15% SMC (0.1 bar soil moisture tension), which is close to field capacity, root regeneration began 10 days after transplanting and root elongation continued at a high rate for the remainder of a 40-day study period. At 10% SMC (0.6 bar SMT) root regeneration was delayed until 20 days after transplanting and root elongation was at a slower rate. At 8% SMC (1.5 bars) root regeneration and elongation was negligible. Plant moisture stress measured at 40 days was least when root regeneration was most and vice versa. The results suggest that field planting of white spruce in soils with moisture tensions of over 0.6 bar will be hazardous.

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