scholarly journals The Concept of Culpability in Criminal Law and AI Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Roman Dremliuga ◽  
Natalia Prisekina
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Artificial Intelligence System ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Current State

This article focuses on the problems of the application of AI as a tool of crime from the perspective of the norms and principles of Criminal law. The article discusses the question of how the legal framework in the area of culpability determination could be applied to offenses committed with the use of AI. The article presents an analysis of the current state in the sphere of criminal law for both intentional and negligent offenses as well as a comparative analysis of these two forms of culpability. Part of the work is devoted to culpability in intentional crimes. Results of analysis in the paper demonstrate that the law-enforcer and the legislator should reconsider the approach to determining culpability in the case of the application of artificial intelligence systems for committing intentional crimes. As an artificial intelligence system, in some sense, has its own designed cognition and will, courts could not rely on the traditional concept of culpability in intentional crimes, where the intent is clearly determined in accordance with the actions of the criminal. Criminal negligence is reviewed in the article from the perspective of a developer’s criminal liability. The developer is considered as a person who may influence on and anticipate harm caused by AI system that he/she created. If product developers are free from any form of criminal liability for harm caused by their products, it would lead to highly negative social consequences. The situation when a person developing AI system has to take into consideration all potential harm caused by the product also has negative social consequences. The authors conclude that the balance between these two extremums should be found. The authors conclude that the current legal framework does not conform to the goal of a culpability determination for the crime where AI is a tool.

scholarly journals Digital transformation and artificial intelligence in the activities of customs services in Russia and foreign countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04014
Author(s):  
Anna Aleksandrovna Chebotareva ◽  
Natalya Gennadievna Kazantseva ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Vologdina ◽  
Tatevik Vartanovna Grigorian ◽  
Irina Sergeevna Sukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Artificial Intelligence System ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal framework and generalize the practical experience of world powers in the application of artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of customs services. The methodological basis of the study was made up of universal methods and special research methods, which made it possible to draw general conclusions and conduct a qualitative assessment of the relations studied in this work. The result of the research was the author’s understanding of the concept of “artificial intelligence in the field of customs”. The study also substantiates the conclusion about the need to improve the efficiency of customs control and accelerate customs operations with goods through the introduction of artificial intelligence into the work of customs services. Scientific novelty is characterized by the following provisions: 1) the experience of using artificial intelligence in some foreign countries, made it possible to state that there are unconditional advantages of using the artificial intelligence system in customs activities; 2) from the modern standpoint of complex branches of law, a legal conceptual apparatus has been formulated, which is used in the regulation of social relations in the course of the application of artificial intelligence technologies; 3) the generalization of the world experience of the accumulated intelligent technological solutions allows us to speak about the model of an “intelligent” checkpoint that is promising for innovative Russia.

330 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM TO OPTIMIZE CLINICIAN REVIEW OF PATIENT RECORDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-64-S-65
Author(s):  
Ethan A. Chi ◽  
Gordon Chi ◽  
Cheuk To Tsui ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Karolin Jarr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Artificial Intelligence System ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals COVID-19-induced vascular angiopathy: CTPA signs in critically ill patients other than acute pulmonary embolism and high-lung opacity scores

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hossameldin khalifa ◽  
Ahmed Samir ◽  
Ayman Ibrahim Baess ◽  
Sara Samy Hendawi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Vascular Tree ◽  
Ct Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Artificial Intelligence System ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Severity Scores

Abstract Background Vascular angiopathy is suggested to be the major cause of silent hypoxia among COVID-19 patients without severe parenchymal involvement. However, pulmonologists and clinicians in intensive care units become confused when they encounter acute respiratory deterioration with neither severe parenchymal lung involvement nor acute pulmonary embolism. Other radiological vascular signs might solve this confusion. This study investigated other indirect vascular angiopathy signs on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and involved a novel statistical analysis that was performed to determine the significance of associations between these signs and the CT opacity score of the pathological lung volume, which is calculated by an artificial intelligence system. Results The study was conducted retrospectively, during September and October 2020, on 73 patients with critical COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU with progressive dyspnea and low O2 saturation on room air (PaO2 < 93%). They included 53 males and 20 females (73%:27%), and their age ranged from 18 to 88 years (mean ± SD=53.3 ± 13.5). CT-pulmonary angiography was performed for all patients, and an artificial intelligence system was utilized to quantitatively assess the diseased lung volume. The radiological data were analyzed by three expert consultant radiologists to reach consensus. A low CT opacity score (≤10) was found in 18 patients (24.7%), while a high CT opacity score (>10) was found in 55 patients (75.3%). Pulmonary embolism was found in 24 patients (32.9%); three of them had low CT opacity scores. Four other indirect vasculopathy CTPA signs were identified: (1) pulmonary vascular enlargement (57 patients—78.1%), (2) pulmonary hypertension (14 patients—19.2%), (3) vascular tree-in-bud pattern (10 patients—13.7%), and (4) pulmonary infarction (three patients—4.1%). There were no significant associations between these signs and the CT opacity score (0.3205–0.7551, all >0.05). Furthermore, both pulmonary vascular enlargement and the vascular tree-in-bud sign were found in patients without pulmonary embolism and low CT-severity scores (13/15–86.7% and 2/15–13.3%, respectively). Conclusion Pulmonary vascular enlargement or, less commonly, vascular tree-in-bud pattern are both indirect vascular angiopathy signs on CTPA that can explain the respiratory deterioration which complicates COVID-19 in the absence of severe parenchymal involvement or acute pulmonary embolism.

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