2017/1 Early retirement pension cannot justify age discrimination (AU)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Peter C. Schöffmann ◽  
Andreas Tinhofer
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Retirement Pension

Socio-economic disparity in risk of undergoing emergency laparotomy and postoperative mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Sanne Pagh Møller ◽  
Maja Mønster Jeppesen ◽  
Ismail Gögenur ◽  
Lau Caspar Thygesen
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Elementary School Education ◽  
One Year

Aims: Socio-economic disparities in health and access to care are well documented, but socio-economic disparities in surgical care and outcomes have received less attention. The aim of the study was to determine if there are socio-economic disparities in the risk of undergoing emergency laparotomy and postoperative mortality in a universal health-care system with free and equal access to care. Methods: This was a nationwide case-control study including patients undergoing non-malignant emergency laparotomy involving resection, ostomy or open drainage between 2003 and 2014 and population references matched 1:1 on age and sex. Socio-economic disparities in one-year postoperative mortality were explored through a cohort study including all patients. Exposure measures were register-based household disposable income, educational level and employment status. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, country of origin, marital status and co-morbidity. Results: A total of 11,962 cases and 11,962 population references were included. The highest odds ratios (OR) for undergoing surgery were found among those with the lowest income (OR=1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–1.63), those with elementary school education (OR=1.33; 95% CI 1.22–1.46) and those on early-retirement pension (OR=3.49; 95% CI 3.07–3.98). One-year postoperative mortality was highest among those with lowest income (hazard ratio (HR)=1.51; 95% CI 1.35–1.69), those with elementary school education (HR=1.39; 95% CI 1.22–1.59) and those on early-retirement pension (HR=2.12; 95% CI 1.73–2.61). Conclusions: Socio-economic disparities in health exist in relation to non-malignant emergency laparotomies and still exist after adjustment for confounders, including co-morbidity, indicating that mechanisms other than differences in disease burden are involved. There is a substantial need for exploration of mechanisms and preventive measures.

Was sind die richtigen Rentenabschläge? – neue Perspektiven

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gasche
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Relevant Alternative ◽  
Adjustment Factor ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Implicit Taxation ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
Continue Work

SummaryThe correct adjustment of pension benefits when postponing retirement is calculated by three „income-oriented“ approaches: the incentive-neutral approach, the budget-neutral approach and as an innovation the return-neutral approach. It turns out, that the three approaches differ just in their underlying discount rate but not in their method of calculation. In addition it can be shown, that the incentive-neutral approach leads to incentive neutrality when the implicit taxation of contributions is equal to the implicit taxation of the early retirement pension. The correct adjustment factors were also calculated for those cases, where the relevant alternative for early retirement is unemployment or not to continue work.As an alternative to the income-oriented approaches the utility-based approach is presented. In this case the results strongly depend on the underlying utility function and the parametric values. Overall, the statutory adjustment factor of 3,6 % per year tends to be too low applying the income-oriented approaches. Using the utility-based approach, the calculated adjustment rates can be seen as too high or too low, depending on the assumptions on the utility function and the parameter constellation.

Overview of recent cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union (October 2019-January 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Pauline Melin
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Retroactive Effect ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
Pension Benefits

During the period of reporting (1 October 2019-31 January 2020), six judgments are worth noting in the area of EU social security law. In Safeway, the Court had to decide whether Article 119 of the EC Treaty on equal treatment precluded a measure ending discrimination through the fixing, with retroactive effect, of a uniform normal pension age equal to that of the members within the previously disadvantaged category. In Bocero Torrico, the question related to the obligation on Member States, under Regulation 883/2004, to take into account equivalent benefits acquired in other Member States for the purpose of calculating an early retirement pension. WA concerned a discriminatory law that granted a pension supplement solely to women. UB was about a discriminatory law that granted additional benefits for sportspersons based on their citizenship. In ZP, the question concerned Article 62 of Regulation 883/2004 dealing with the calculation of unemployment benefits. Finally, in Pensions-Sicherungs-Verein, the Court had to interpret Article 8 of Directive 2008/94 in the context of a reduction of pension benefits following the insolvency of the employer.

Introduction: Themed section on Age, Employment and Policy

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Platman ◽  
Philip Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
The Usa

Older workers have moved up the policy agenda within the industrialised nations. In the 1980s and first half of the 1990s, policy-making in much of the European Union emphasised the virtues of early retirement, partly as a response to high levels of unemployment. Since the late 1990s, there has been an increasing emphasis on overcoming age barriers in the labour market and on extending working life. This has been driven by concerns over ageing and shrinking labour forces, the sustainability of public pension systems, evidence of age discrimination in the labour market and the potential influence of the ‘grey’ voter. By contrast in the USA, the pronounced trend towards ‘early exit’ which has characterised Europe never existed. This is even more the case in Japan.

Cancer and the risk for taking early retirement pension: A Danish cohort study

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine Carlsen ◽  
Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton ◽  
Kirsten Frederiksen ◽  
Finn Diderichsen ◽  
Christoffer Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Danish Cohort

Age: a dubious criterion in legislation

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEF BREDA ◽  
DAVID SCHOENMAEKERS
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Objective Standard ◽  
Flemish Community ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Statutory Regulation

Policymakers like to make use of age criteria, because they provide a transparent and seemingly objective standard. In reality, however, age limits are not as innocent as they appear: distinctions on the basis of age are often irrelevant and the actual age thresholds tend to be arbitrary. Age limits can also be criticised from a theoretical perspective: how can the heterogeneity of today's older people be reconciled with uniform age-defined classes? In response to a European Union Directive of 2000, Belgium implemented strict anti-discrimination legislation. This provides all the more reason to ascertain the prevalence and justification of the use of age criteria in legislation. Belgium is a federal state with three communities and three regions, and the scrutiny has been restricted to the Flemish community and region. All legislation has been screened for the use of 50 or more years as an age criterion, and all occurrences have been critically examined. The paper focuses on three fields of statutory regulation: early retirement, concessionary public transport fares, and the different care entitlements of people with disabilities and of older people. Evidence of age discrimination was found, although often in a form that benefits older people. The justification of the age criterion was often inadequate, so the adoption often appears no more than convenient standard practice. The paper concludes that policy makers should consider the systematic replacement of age thresholds by other criteria.

scholarly journals Age Discrimination and Early Retirement Policies: A Comparison of Labor Market Regulation in Canada and the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C T Gillin ◽  
Thomas R Klassen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Labor Market Regulation ◽  
Retirement Policies

Age Discrimination and Early Retirement Policies: A Comparison of Labor Market Regulation in Canada and the United States

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