Overview of retrospective and modern data on arrival fodder organisms in lake Balkhash

The article analyzes the acclimatization work carried out, the current state of the food supply and the feasibility of introducing new food items. Lake Balkhash, in the first years of commercial development, was characterized by extreme poverty of the food base, especially the bottom fauna. During the period of planned acclimatization work, 1958–1965, 10 species of valuable food items were introduced into the reservoir. Many species, as expected, settled in the western part of the lake, where they not only expanded the species composition of bentonts, but also increased the feeding capacity of the reservoir — from 1.3 to 20 times. However, with an increase in salinity from west to east, the composition of benthos became poorer and its biomass decreased due to the gradual loss of mysids, corophiids, polychaetes and monodacnae from its composition. At the present stage, the biomass of zoobenthos in the eastern part of Lake Balkhash is 20–40 times lower than the indicators of the western part. To increase feed in Eastern Balkhash in 2012–2014. Experimental work was carried out on the survival in the Balkhash water of euryhaline invertebrates from the Aral Sea — polychaetes and bivalve molluscs. Based on the positive result, a biological justification was developed for the acclimatization of these invertebrates in the lake. Balkhash, but due to lack of funding, the work itself was not carried out. Within the framework of the above program, it is necessary to continue work on the introduction of brackish-water benthic organisms from the Aral Sea, as well as to ensure the feeding needs of juvenile fish throughout the growing season, there is a proposal for the introduction of Calanipeda aquae-dulcis Kritsch into the reservoir. Research on the issues raised in the article is funded by the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. BR10264205,).

Trends and Inequalities in Extending Working Lives: Late-Life Employment Trajectories between 1990-2019 in Seven Countries

Public policies encourage later retirement, but they often do not account for discrepancies in the capacity for extending working lives. This paper studies trends and inequalities in extending working lives over the last three decades in a gender-specific and comparative perspective of seven countries (Australia, Germany, Russia, South Korea, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States). We apply latent class growth analysis to identify employment trajectories between 60 and 69 from 1990 to 2019. In particular, we focus on people who continue work till later ages and compare them with those who exit early and remain inactive through their 60s. Latent class regression models serve to measure gender differences, educational inequalities, and time trends. We find five universal trajectories: Late Employment, Standard, Early and Late Exit, and Non-Employment. Non-Employment dominated the 1990s, but it significantly declined, giving space to Late Employment as one of the major employment pathways. Gender and educational inequalities are considerable and stable. Progress toward later employment is universal for contemporary societies, however, we find vital differences between countries, which warns against generalizations of one-country findings. This study also contributes methodologically by exploring the trajectory-oriented perspective on late careers.

Study on the effect of providing learning opportunities on the formation of intention to continue work for non-regular professionals

In Japan, almost 40 per cent of employees are so-called 'non-regular employees'. That is to say, employees with a limited duration of employment. This is in opposition to their 'regular employee' counterparts who are full-time workers without a limited duration of employment. Non-regular employees include both part-time and full-time workers with a short- or intermediate-term of employment. The percentage of non-regular employees is on the rise in Japan and this is bringing with it decreased morale and productivity due to factors such as lack of job security. In addition, motivation is negatively affected by non-regular employees receiving fewer opportunities, such as training, for example, than regular employees. Naturally, a lack of training and education opportunities would have an adverse effect on motivation and morale. Professor Takao Maeda is based in the Faculty of Business, Marketing and Distribution, Nakamura Gakuen University in Japan, and is working alongside collaborators Professors Tomofumi Tohara and Shigeaki Mishima, who are both based in the Faculty of Business Administration, Osaka University of Economics in Japan. The team is focused on research that looks at how closing disparities between regular and non-regular employment could increase the motivation of non-regular employees.

GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

The purpose of this work is to show the prospects and the need to continue work in Ukraine on the creation of anti-aircraft systems and astronomical geodetic leveling (a combination of astronomical and high-precision geometric leveling), using GNSS and instruments that provide accurate measurements of deviations of the temple 0.1 geodynamic landfills and man-made, which create for the construction of a height foundation for the construction and operation of extremely important facilities. The method of achieving the goal is provided by theoretical studies of existing methods of astronomical and geodetic leveling, modern methods of forecasting neotectonic processes, GNSS accuracy and geometric leveling. The main results - the possibility of using astronomical and geodetic leveling in the forecast of catastrophic deformations of the earth's surface, including earthquakes, control of the results of geometric and GNSS leveling.Scientific novelty: recommendations for the use of astronomical and geodetic leveling of specially created profiles on geodynamic landfills for forecasting neotectonic processes, GNSS control and geometric leveling using the geoidal component, the idea of synchronous observations using zenith systems in astronomical and geodetic leveling.

Water Infrastructures

Water infrastructures have been central to anthropological theory and practice for many decades. Early research tended to focus on infrastructures related to agriculture, such as irrigation systems, and often emphasized their consequences for social and political organization. While these and other studies (e.g., on hydroelectric dams) continue, work since the early 2000s considers household and community plumbing networks for both potable water and wastewater (sanitation). These studies conceive of water infrastructures broadly—as social and technical assemblages of materials and matter as well as people and their behaviors—and examine them from sociotechnical, technopolitical, and phenomenological perspectives. Sociotechnical approaches emphasize the ways in which water infrastructures mediate the relationships between people and social institutions, and between people and the biophysical environment more generally. Technopolitical perspectives often focus on the bureaucratic and governance implications of water infrastructures, especially how states strategically deploy or withhold certain infrastructures to craft citizenship, for instance. Phenomenological approaches are widely varied, but tend to give the most agency, and sometimes animacy, to water infrastructures, and to consider the sensorial and emotional implications of human-nonhuman interactions. Future research will be facilitated by decolonizing studies of water infrastructure, incorporating other disciplinary approaches and perspectives such as engineering, and better articulating the policy implications of research findings.

Person-centred care in osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis: a scoping review of people’s needs outside of healthcare

Background Arthritis, regardless of cause, has significant physical, social and psychological impacts on patients. We aimed to identify the non-healthcare needs perceived by patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) and osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine if these differ. Methods We electronically searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL (1990–2020) systematically to identify non-healthcare-related needs of people with IA or OA. All citations were screened and quality appraised by two reviewers. Data was extracted by a single reviewer. Results The search identified 7853 citations, with 31 studies included (12 for OA, 20 for IA). Six areas of need emerged and these were similar in both group These were: 1) Assistance with activities of daily living especially related to a lack of independence; 2) Social connectedness: need for social participation; 3) Financial security: worry about financial security and increased costs of health-seeking behaviours; 4) Occupational needs: desire to continue work for financial and social reasons, facilitated by flexibility of workplace conditions/environment; 5) Exercise and leisure: including limitation due to pain; 6) Transportation: limitations in ability to drive and take public transport due to mobility concerns. Many areas of need were linked; e.g. loss of employment and requiring support from family was associated with a sense of “failure” and loss of identity, as social isolation. Conclusions This review highlights the pervasive impact of arthritis on peoples’ lives, regardless of aetiology, albeit with a limited evidence base. Improved identification and targeting of non-healthcare needs of people with arthritis is likely to improve person-centred care.

Features of Establishment of Legal Foundations for Private Education in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the problems of legal regulation of the functioning of private universities in Ukraine on the example of one of the first such educational institutions – Kharkov Humanitarian University "People's Ukrainian Academy". The article presents a historical retrospective of the main legal conflicts in the activities of the PUA, which were not only resolved in its favor, but also formed the basis for the correction of the current legislation by amending the regulations governing the activities of educational institutions in Ukraine. The relevance of this topic is mainly due to the need to amend the current legislation in order to ensure the equality of the legal status of educational institutions based on various forms of ownership and which are still in a state of intense competition for consumers of educational services. The analysis of the current educational legislation presented in the article testifies to the continuing normative consolidation of preferences for state educational institutions, which leads to legal discrimination of private universities. This, in turn, not only contributes to a decrease in the quality of educational activities of private educational institutions, but can also lead to their self-liquidation. The article also emphasizes the need to continue work on the correlation of educational and civil legislation. For this purpose, as well as to improve the overall qualitative characteristics of the functioning of the Ukrainian educational industry, the emphasis is placed on the need to systematize the norms of educational legislation as one of the forms for its improvement. At the same time, one of the main means of conceptual renewal of the system of educational legislation of Ukraine is its early codification, which should lead to the creation of a single systematized act – the Code of Ukraine on Education.

COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of People with Visual Impairment

Objective. To understand changes in daily life emerging from the COVID-19 Pandemic in people with visual impairment from four cities of Colombia. Methods. Exploratory-type, descriptive qualitative study. The study conducted 26 semi-structured interviews via telephone. The analysis process used the methodological design from the approach proposed by Taylor and Bogdan: following the discovery process, coding and relativizing of data. Results. Three categories emerge: 1) Transformations in daily dynamics, 2) Barriers to mobility, and 3) Use of technology. Conclusion. People with visual impairment report barriers to mobility to take public transportation, which can affect maintenance of their autonomy and independence. Using technological tools is identified as facilitators for the continuity of educational and work activities; however, some did not have computer literacy or the basic inputs for connectivity. Difficulties were identified to continue work activities and maintain income.

Homogenization of the historical series from the Coimbra Magnetic Observatory, Portugal

The Coimbra Magnetic Observatory (COI), Portugal, established in 1866, has provided nearly continuous records of the geomagnetic field elements for more than 150 years. However, during its long lifetime inevitable changes to the instruments and measurement procedures and even the relocation of the observatory have taken place. In our previous work (Morozova et al., 2014) we performed homogenization – elimination of the artificial changes – of the measured declination series (D) for the period from 1866 to 2006. In this paper we continue work on applying homogenization procedures to the measured series of the absolute monthly values of the horizontal (H, 1866–2006), vertical (Z, 1951–2006) and inclination components (I, 1866–1941). After homogenization of all measured series for the 1866–2006 time interval, we performed the homogenization of the series of all geomagnetic field elements (X, Y, Z, H, D, I and F) to the level of the 2015 epoch. Since all series except D have a gap of about 10 years in the middle of the 20th century, splitting each of them into two, the homogenization to the level of 2015 was done only for the series available after 1951 (with the D series homogenized for the whole time interval of 1866–2015). The COI geomagnetic field elements are available via the following addresses: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4308022 (Ribeiro et al., 2020) for the original COI data (ASCII and XLSX formats) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4308036 (Morozova et al., 2020) for the homogenized COI data (ASCII and XLSX formats).

Study on the effect of providing learning opportunities on the formation of intention to continue work for non-regular professionals

In Japan, almost 40 per cent of employees are so-called 'non-regular employees'. That is to say, employees with a limited duration of employment. This is in opposition to their 'regular employee' counterparts who are full-time workers without a limited duration of employment. Non-regular employees include both part-time and full-time workers with a short- or intermediate-term of employment. The percentage of non-regular employees is on the rise in Japan and this is bringing with it decreased morale and productivity due to factors such as lack of job security. In addition, motivation is negatively affected by non-regular employees receiving fewer opportunities, such as training, for example, than regular employees. Naturally, a lack of training and education opportunities would have an adverse effect on motivation and morale. Professor Takao Maeda is based in the Faculty of Business, Marketing and Distribution, Nakamura Gakuen University in Japan, and is working alongside collaborators Professors Tomofumi Tohara and Shigeaki Mishima, who are both based in the Faculty of Business Administration, Osaka University of Economics in Japan. The team is focused on research that looks at how closing disparities between regular and non-regular employment could increase the motivation of non-regular employees.