Mortalité du bois laissé sur pied à la suite d'une coupe par bandes dans trois régions du Québec

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Strip Layout ◽  
Initial Volume ◽  
Stand Height

This paper presents the results of a three-year study of mortality in black spruce leave strips. The effects of various stand and strip layout characteristics are considered and recommendations for reducing blowdown are also provided.Mortality over the three years was highest in the Abitibi region of Quebec (20.2% of initial stand volume) and lowest in the Lac-Saint-Jean area (8.8% of initial stand volume). The Mauricie region was intermediate (17.4% of initial stand volumes). Most of the mortality occurred during the second year.In the Abitibi region, losses tended to increase in the leave strips when stand height was higher than 17 m and when leave strips were oriented SE to NW. In the Mauricie region, mortality increased with stand height and initial volume. In the Lac-Saint-Jean area, losses also increased with stand height but mortality remained relatively low. Key words: Black spruce, strip cutting, windthrow.

Critical period of interspecific competition for four northern conifers: 10-year growth response and associated vegetation dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2474-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Wagner ◽  
Andrew P Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Vegetation Control

The influence of the timing and duration of interspecific competition on planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) was assessed using 10-year growth responses in a northern Ontario experiment. Stand volume was 117%, 208%, 224%, and 343% higher for jack pine, red pine, white pine, and black spruce, respectively, with 5 years of vegetation control than with no vegetation control. Stand volume increased linearly with number of years of vegetation control, and the slope of the relationship varied among conifer species. Change-point regression analysis was used to derive segmented weed-free and weed-infested curves, and to simultaneously estimate key critical-period parameters. Weed-free and weed-infested curves in the 10th year were similar to those derived in year 5, indicating that the patterns established during the first few years after planting were relatively robust for the first decade. The critical-period was 2 and 3 years after planting for jack pine and red pine, respectively, and occupied most of the 5-year period for white pine and black spruce. Principal components analysis of the vegetation community indicated that repeated herbicide applications caused differential shifts in the relative abundance of shrub, fern, and moss species through the 10th year. Species richness, however, was not substantially different between the untreated control and the most intensive treatments. Difference modeling was used to quantify how annual volume increment during the first decade varied with time, conifer species, cover of woody and herbaceous vegetation, and stage of development.

Survival and Growth of Planted Black Spruce, Alder, Aspen and Willow After Fire on Black Spruce/Feather Moss Sites in Interior Alaska

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Zasada ◽  
Rodney A. Norum ◽  
Christian E. Teutsch ◽  
Roseann Densmore
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Feather Moss ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

Seedlings of black spruce, aspen, green alder, and grayleaf willow planted on black spruce/feather moss sites in the boreal forest in interior Alaska survived and grew relatively well over a 6-year period after prescribed burning. Survival of black spruce was significantly greater than that of the broad-leaved species, but height growth was significantly less. Development of feltleaf willow and balsam poplar from unrooted cuttings was poor. Severity of burn appeared to have an important effect on height growth of all species but not on seedling survival. Key words: Planting, Picea, Alnus, Populus, Salix, microsite.

scholarly journals Strip Thinning and Spacing Increases Tree Growth of Young Black Spruce

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanie Burns ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann ◽  
Don Perala
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Increased Growth Response

Abstract Two different thinning methods were applied to three 6- or 7-yr-old black spruce stands in northern Minnesota which were measured after 20 yr. Overall, thinning improved the growing conditions for crop trees. Strip thinning with a 0.6 m leave strip and three widths of cleared strips (1.5 m, 2.1 m, and 2.7 m), and spacing to 1.5 m, 2.1 m, and 2.7 m resulted in reduced numbers of crop trees, but with larger diameters and, in the spacing thinned plots, greater heights. Because of these contradicting trends, stand volume was unaffected by thinning. Crop tree growth was not affected by the width of the cleared strip, but the distances between the leave trees in the square spacing were positively related to the increased growth response after thinning. The study is still too young to evaluate the economic feasibility of both thinning treatments, but shorter rotations or substantially increased volume seem possible by early thinnings of black spruce. North. J. Appl. For. 13(2):68-72.

scholarly journals Harvesting peatland black spruce: Impacts on advance growth and site disturbance

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc R. MacDonell ◽  
Arthur Groot
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Site Disturbance ◽  
Tree Harvesting

A project was established in the Lake Abitibi Model Forest to study the effects of several harvesting systems on advance growth protection and site disturbance. Tree-length and cut-to-length harvesting systems were compared to a full-tree system on peatland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) sites. The impacts of the various harvesting systems were compared by summarizing the structural and mensurational properties of the stands before and after harvest, by evaluating damage to residual trees, and by assessing site disturbance. The tree-length and full-tree systems, which were compared in winter harvesting, produced similar results. The cut-to-length system was compared to the full-tree system in both winter and summer harvesting, and protected substantially more advance growth, especially in the summer. Additionally, the cut-to-length system produced less damage to residual trees and lesser amounts of site disturbance. All harvesting systems resulted in or maintained residual stands with an uneven-size structure. Key words: black spruce, advanced regweneration, tree harvesting, systems

scholarly journals Northeastern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification as a tool for managing marten habitat

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bowman ◽  
J.-F. Robitaille ◽  
W. R. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Ecosystem Classification ◽  
Site Types ◽  
American Martens

In northeastern Ontario, the Forest Ecosystem Classification (NE-FEC) system has been used in a Habitat Suitability Matrix (NE-HSM) for forest wildlife. This paper examines whether American martens (Martes americana) responded significantly to different NE-FEC Site Types, and compares this response with suitability values in the NE-HSM. Use of Site Types by martens deviated significantly from availability; Site Type 5 (black spruce) was preferred and Site Type 7 (hardwood) was avoided. In general, the NE-HSM was consistent with field results; but it was concluded that some adjustments should be made to the suitability values for martens in the Northeastern Ontario Forest Habitat Suitability Matrix. Key words: Forest ecosystem classification, habitat suitability matrix, marten, Martes americana

Isolation of fungal endophytes from black spruce (Picea mariana) dormant buds and needles from New Brunswick, Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1754-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Johnson ◽  
N. J. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age

Endophytic fungi were isolated from black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) dormant buds and needles of four age-classes. Only one isolate was obtained from 400 buds. A total of 914 isolates were obtained from the needles. With increasing needle age the rate of colonization increased between current-year and 3-year-old needles from 4 to 90%, respectively. The needle segment attached to the twig was colonized more often (p < 0.05) than other segments overall and for 6 of the 11 taxa isolated. The first endophyte from current-year needles was isolated on July 14, 1988, but endophytes were obtained from needles of the other age-classes (1, 2, and 3 years) on all sampling dates between June 10 and September 16, 1988. Key words: endophyte, Picea mariana, dormand buds, needles.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF STAND HEIGHT AND FOREST VOLUME USING HIGH RESOLUTION STEREO PHOTOGRAPHY AND FOREST TYPE MAP

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
K. M. Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Surface Model ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Crown Density ◽  
Stand Height ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Traditional field methods for measuring tree heights are often too costly and time consuming. An alternative remote sensing approach is to measure tree heights from digital stereo photographs which is more practical for forest managers and less expensive than LiDAR or synthetic aperture radar. This work proposes an estimation of stand height and forest volume(m<sup>3</sup>/ha) using normalized digital surface model (nDSM) from high resolution stereo photography (25cm resolution) and forest type map. The study area was located in Mt. Maehwa model forest in Hong Chun-Gun, South Korea. The forest type map has four attributes such as major species, age class, DBH class and crown density class by stand. Overlapping aerial photos were taken in September 2013 and digital surface model (DSM) was created by photogrammetric methods(aerial triangulation, digital image matching). Then, digital terrain model (DTM) was created by filtering DSM and subtracted DTM from DSM pixel by pixel, resulting in nDSM which represents object heights (buildings, trees, etc.). Two independent variables from nDSM were used to estimate forest stand volume: crown density (%) and stand height (m). First, crown density was calculated using canopy segmentation method considering live crown ratio. Next, stand height was produced by averaging individual tree heights in a stand using Esri’s ArcGIS and the USDA Forest Service’s FUSION software. Finally, stand volume was estimated and mapped using aerial photo stand volume equations by species which have two independent variables, crown density and stand height. South Korea has a historical imagery archive which can show forest change in 40 years of successful forest rehabilitation. For a future study, forest volume change map (1970s&ndash;present) will be produced using this stand volume estimation method and a historical imagery archive.

Mechanical stability of black spruce in the clay belt region of northern Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Smith ◽  
M. Watts ◽  
D. F. James
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Static Force ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Stand Height ◽  
The Stability

Black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) is an important pulpwood species that grows on peatland sites in the clay belt region of northern Ontario. The mechanical stability of spruce found on these sites is crucial in determining how tall a stand can grow before losses due to windthrow become excessive. In this study, the stability of a sample of 58 black spruce trees, in stands of various height and density classes, was measured by winching them over and determining their critical turning moment. Regression analysis was used to express critical turning moment as a function of tree height, dominant stand height, and stand stocking. An analysis was carried out to estimate turning moments due to static wind action on the sample trees and predicting the wind speeds required to produce the static force needed to cause windthrow. A comparison of the measured critical turning moments to the estimated wind-generated critical turning moments was used to identify the wind speeds that have enough static force to cause windthrow. A table of critical wind speeds, based on a reference wind, is given for black spruce stands of various heights and densities. Based on these wind speeds and winds associated with periodic storms, black spruce stands can be expected to become susceptible to windthrow once dominant stand height reaches 20 to 21 m. Stand stability increases with stand density owing to the greater ability of dense stands to dissipate incoming winds and the added stability of interlocking root systems. These results suggest that the black spruce stands growing on peatland sites in the clay belt should be harvested before dominant stand height reaches a maximum of 20 to 21 m to avoid excessive losses due to windthrow.

La loi d'Eichhorn et les tables de production pour l'épinette noire de l'est du Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Zarnovican
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Empirical Law ◽  
The Law

Baur and Eichhorn recognized mean height as the best site index, and many yield tables were established on the assumption of Eichhorn's empirical law. Nevertheless, many other yield tables invalidate the law. This paper examines the application of Eichhorn's empirical law on black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) yield tables data from Plonsky, Ker, and Vézina and Linteau. Key words: Yield tables.

An assessment of the structural method of deriving a black spruce site equation

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1181-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G. Smith ◽  
Martin Watts
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Stochastic Error ◽  
Stand Height

To date, methods of deriving site index (S) equations assume that stochastic error is only present in the regressor. This paper develops a method, termed the "structural method," which recognizes that both dominant stand height (H) and S measurements contain stochastic error. To achieve this, the structural method utilizes the structural relationship that exists between H and S to derive an S equation. S equations are derived for black spruce, Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P., using the structural method and various other methods, with linear and nonlinear models that are currently in use. Data used in the study consist of 56 black spruce permanent sample plots, containing a total of 382 observations, from north central Ontario and the Clay Belt Region of northern Ontario. This data set is split into 36 plots (260 observations) for deriving S equations and 20 plots (122 observations) for testing the equations for accuracy in predicting H, S, and future H. The equations are also examined for bias over stand age. Results show that height development of black spruce is not asymptotic and is best described by a linear model. Overall, the structural method provides the most accurate S equation within the range of the data. It predicted 90% of the H test observations with an error of 0.4 m or less, 89% of the S test observations with an error of 0.4 m or less, and 90% of the future H test observations with an error of 0.7 m or less. The structural method also has the advantage of producing only one equation for predicting both H and S. This enables estimates of both H and S to be made from one graph of H over age by S classes.

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