Impacts of urbanization on plant and bird communities in forest ecosystems

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Edge Zone ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Suburban Forests

Development is now a major cause of landscape-scale variation in ecosystems and it is imperative to know more precisely the nature of its impacts if we wish to preserve affected species and their habitats. Recent studies suggest that human impacts in suburban forests are "edge effects" analogous to microclimatic and vegetational edge zone phenomena although they exceed natural edge effects both in severity and spatial extent of damage. Studies of forest bird communities in California and Ontario indicate that some species are urban avoiders that decline or disappear as development levels increase. Research is urgently needed to better understand the mechanisms by which development undermines natural areas in order to prevent or minimize its adverse impacts.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Variability of Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability in the Largest Water Tower Region Globally

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7529
Author(s):  
Siqi Sun ◽  
Yihe Lü ◽  
Da Lü ◽  
Cong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
Restoration Planning ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Forests are critical ecosystems for environmental regulation and ecological security maintenance, especially at high altitudes that exhibit sensitivity to climate change and human activities. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—the world’s largest water tower region—has been breeding many large rivers in Asia where forests play important roles in water regulation and water quality improvement. However, the vulnerability of these forest ecosystems at the regional scale is still largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this research is to quantitatively assess the temporal–spatial variability of forest vulnerability on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to illustrate the capacity of forests to withstand disturbances. Geographic information system (GIS) and the spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) were used to develop a forest vulnerable index (FVI) to assess the vulnerability of forest ecosystems. This research incorporates 15 factors covering the natural context, environmental disturbances, and socioeconomic impact. Results indicate that the measure of vulnerability was unevenly distributed spatially across the study area, and the whole trend has intensified since 2000. The three factors that contribute the most to the vulnerability of natural contexts, environmental disturbances, and human impacts are slope aspect, landslides, and the distance to the farmland, respectively. The vulnerability is higher in forest areas with lower altitudes, steeper slopes, and southerly directions. These evaluation results can be helpful for forest management in high altitude water tower regions in the forms of forest conservation or restoration planning and implementation towards sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals Tentative Investigations on Reducing the Edge Effects in Pre-Polishing the Optics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5286
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Ke ◽  
Lei Qiu ◽  
Chunjin Wang ◽  
Zhenzhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Edge Zone ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis

The material removal depth in the pre-polishing stage of the precision optics is usually tens of microns to remove the subsurface damage and grinding marks left by the previous grinding process. This processing of the upstand edge takes a large part of the time at this stage. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method that can reduce the edge effect and largely shorten the processing time of the pre-polishing stage adopting the semirigid (SR) bonnet. The generation of the edge effect is presented based on the finite element analysis of the contact pressure at the edge zone firstly. Then, some experimentations on the edge effect are conducted, and the results proved that the SR bonnet tool can overhang the workpiece edge in the pre-polishing stage to reduce the width and height of the upstand edge to largely shorten the subsequent processing time of it. In addition, there exists a perfect overhang ratio, which generates the upstand edge with the smallest width and height, with no damage to the bonnet tool in the meantime. In addition, one combination of the pre-polishing parameters is concluded according to this method, which can be safely adopted in practical process.

Geomorphic edge effects in response to abiotic and anthropogenic disturbances in forest ecosystems of the Gorce Mountains, Western Carpathians

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 134-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Pawlik ◽  
Pavel Šamonil ◽  
Ireneusz Malik ◽  
Paweł Kroh ◽  
Albert Ślęzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Western Carpathians

scholarly journals Arthropod functional traits shaped by landscape-scale field size, local agri-environment schemes and edge effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róbert Gallé ◽  
Costanza Geppert ◽  
Rita Földesi ◽  
Teja Tscharntke ◽  
Péter Batáry
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Scale Field

Local and landscape scale factors influencing edge effects on woodland salamanders

2008 ◽  
Vol 151 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurtis R. Moseley ◽  
W. Mark Ford ◽  
John W. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Scale Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals DINÂMICA DA VEGETAÇÃO COLONIZADORA EM TRÊS ÁREAS DEGRADADAS PELO GARIMPO NA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO MERIDIONAL

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Wander Gladson Amaral ◽  
Israel Marinho Pereira ◽  
Danielle Piuzana Mucida ◽  
Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado ◽  
Michele Aparecida Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Structural Indicators ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A avaliação do processo de sucessão vegetal em locais degradados constitui uma importante ferramenta para se definirem estratégias de recuperação. Assim, considerando-se o quadro atual de degradação nos ecossistemas florestais, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar a dinâmica da composição florística da vegetação colonizadora, em três áreas degradadas em processo de regeneração natural, na Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. No primeiro inventário, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreo-arbustivo com DAS30 ≥ 3 cm. No segundo inventário, foram registrados os indivíduos mortos, remensurados os sobreviventes e mensurados e identificados os indivíduos recrutados (DAS30 ≥ 3 cm). Foram calculadas as taxas de dinâmica: mortalidade, recrutamento, ganho e perda em área basal e número de indivíduos para cada área. Os valores de H’ obtidos para as áreas foram comparados aos pares pelo teste de t de Hutcheson. O padrão observado nas três áreas foi semelhante e as alterações mais expressivas durante os dois inventários foram o aumento significativo da densidade e o rápido aumento da área basal total. Todos os indicadores estruturais analisados mostraram que as áreas estão em processo de construção inicial, porém a área degradada pelo garimpo de ouro encontra-se em estágio sucessional mais avançado quando comparada à área degradada pelo processo de voçorocamento e à área degradada pelo garimpo de diamante.Palavras-chave: composição florística; impactos antrópicos; heterogeneidade temporal; sucessão ecológica. COLONIZING VEGETATION DYNAMICS IN THREE AREAS DEGRADED BY MININGIN SOUTHERN SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO ABSTRACT: The evaluation of the process of plant succession in degraded places is an important tool to define recovery strategies. Thus, considering the current situation of degradation in forest ecosystems, the present study aimed to study the dynamics of the floristic composition of the colonizing vegetation, in three degraded areas in the process of natural regeneration, in the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. In the first inventory, all tree-shrub individuals with DAS30 ≥ 3 cm were sampled. In the second inventory, dead individuals were recorded, survivors were remeasured and recruited individuals were measured and identified (DAS30 ≥ 3 cm). The dynamics rates were calculated: mortality, recruitment, gain and loss in the basal area and number of individuals for each area. The H 'values obtained for the areas were compared in pairs by the Hutcheson t test. The pattern observed in the three areas was similar and the most significant changes during the two inventories were the significant increase in density and the rapid increase in the total basal area. All the structural indicators analyzed showed that the areas are in the process of initial construction, but the area degraded by gold mining is in a more advanced successional stage when compared to the area degraded by the voçorocamento process and the area degraded by diamond mining.Keywords: floristic composition; human impacts; temporal heterogeneity; ecological succession.

scholarly journals Air pollution impact assessment and monitoring, its effects on the forest ecosystems in the territory of the Republic of Serbia in 2015

2015 ◽  
pp. 39-61
Author(s):  
Renata Gagić-Serdar ◽  
Tomislav Stefanović ◽  
Goran Češljar ◽  
Svetlana Bilibajkić ◽  
Radovan Nevenić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Experimental Plots

In 2015 research observations of permanent monitoring of forests in the Republic of Serbia on permanent experimental plots were carried out in accordance with the Instructions of the International Cooperative Programme on Forest Condition Monitoring and data were collected for the necessary analyses. Experimental fields (FSP) are systematically arranged in 16x16 km or 4 x 4 km grid systems. Basic parameters evaluated in the plots were: presence of pests, phytopathological changes, as well as of other types and causes of forest damage. The aim of this paper was to correlate these factors that affect the vitality of forests and analyses of adverse influences affecting the forest ecosystems, the degree of defoliation and color changes (chlorosis on forest vegetation), and above all, the extent of damage to forests in Serbia in 2015.

scholarly journals Dominance and Diversity of Bird Community in Floodplain Forest Ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-833
Author(s):  
Karel Poprach ◽  
Jana Vrbková
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Community Interest

The paper is aimed to assessment of diversity and structure of bird community in floodplain forest ecosystem. Authors present results of analyses data on bird communities obtained at two transects in the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic) in the period 1998–2012. Research of bird communities was carried out using the point-count method. The article deals with qualitative and quantitative representation of breeding bird species, including their relation to habitat type (closed floodplain forest, ecotone). Altogether 63 breeding species were recorded at the Vrapač transect and 67 at the Litovelské luhy transect, respectively. To be able to detect all recorded species, 11 out of 14 years of monitoring were needed at the Vrapač transect and all 8 years of monitoring at the Litovelské luhy transect, respectively. Authors show that the values in dominant bird species change significantly among the particular census dates within one season, mainly with respect to their activity and detectability. Results are discussed in the frame of sustainable forest management in floodplain forest ecosystems. The presented article can promote to discussion aimed to management strategy for floodplain forest ecosystems, which ranks among natural habitat types of Community interest protected under the Natura 2000 European network.

scholarly journals Bird Communities in Urban Riparian Areas: Response to the Local- and Landscape-Scale Environmental Variables

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Shiyi Guo ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Kaoru Saito ◽  
Jiexin Cheng ◽  
Toru Terada
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
The Impact

Understanding how environmental changes driven by urbanization impact the biodiversity in urban riparian areas has great importance for landscape planning and river ecosystem conservation. There have been many studies on the response of bird communities to different environmental variables in urban parks; however, although supporting some of the highest bird diversities, case studies in urban riparian areas remain limited. In existing research, few studies have considered the impact of both local waterfront characteristics and surrounding environmental variables at a larger scale. In this study, we selected birds as the indicator to clarify their response to both local- and landscape-scale environmental variables in riparian areas of Tsing river, Beijing, in terms of (a) vegetation composition, (b) human disturbance, (c) land cover, and (d) landscape connectivity. We hypothesized that birds with different biological characteristics may respond differently to environmental variables. Birds were then further grouped according to the habitat type, residential type, and feeding type. It turned out that the coverage of grass and the disturbance of pedestrians are the most influential variables. Besides, compared with the land cover and landscape connectivity, the total contribution of vegetation characteristics and human disturbance accounts for the main proportion of explained variance. Information pertaining to these environmental variables can provide evidence to support bird conservation efforts in urban areas, and the identified distance threshold provides a basis for future landscape connectivity assessments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document