scholarly journals Nectar and pollen production in Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. and Iberis sempervirens L. (Brassicaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek ◽  
Karolina Tymoszuk ◽  
Jacek Jachuła ◽  
Małgorzata Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Insect Visitors

Ecological environment in urban areas is specific in many aspects. There are evidences that ornamental plants cultivated in local urban gardens may help in conservation of pollinators. In this study, the flowering pattern, the abundance of flowering, nectar and pollen production as well as insect visitation in <em>Arabis procurrens</em> Waldst. &amp; Kit. and <em>Iberis sempervirens</em> L. were investigated. The species were grown in the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, southeastern Poland. <em>Arabis procurrens</em> bloomed from the middle of April until middle of May and <em>I. sempervirens</em> from the end of April until middle of June. In both species, most flowers opened in the morning hours (40–45% of total were opened by 8:00 h GMT + 2 h). The average sugar yield of <em>A. procurrens</em> was ca. 53% lower compared to <em>I. sempervirens</em> (mean = 1.08 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 2.32 g/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively). In both species, considerable differences in the amount of produced sugars were noted between years. The mass of pollen produced in the flowers of <em>A. procurrens</em> was approx. 35% lower compared to that of <em>I. sempervirens</em> (mean = 0.06 mg and 0.09 mg per flower, respectively). Pollen produced per unit area was correlated with the number of flowers. On average, the species produced 1.46 g (<em>A. procurrens</em>) and 2.54 g (<em>I. sempervirens</em>) of pollen per 1 m<sup>2</sup>. The flowers of <em>A. procurrens</em> attracted mainly dipterans (56.3% of total visitors), while <em>I. sempervirens</em> lured chiefly solitary bees (47.4% of total visitors), however in both cases, honeybees, bumblebees and lepidopterans were also recorded. The <em>A. procurrens</em> and <em>I. sempervirens</em> due to flowering in early spring period may be promoted for use in small gardens (rock or pot gardens) for both aesthetic value and as plants that support insect visitors in nectar and pollen rewards.

scholarly journals The Flowering, Pollen Production, and Insect Visitors in the Ornamental Shrub Potentilla Fruticosa L. (Rosaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Sebastian Antoń ◽  
Grażyna Szymczak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Potentilla Fruticosa ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Pollen Productivity ◽  
Ornamental Shrub ◽  
Insect Visitors

Summary Urban areas have a specific ecological environment and may help to sustain local pollinator populations by the cultivation of different ornamental plants with entomophilous flowers. This yearlong study examined the flowering pattern, abundance of flowering, pollen production as well as insect visitation of two cultivars of the ornamental shrub Potentilla fruticosa L. (‘Maanleys’ and ‘Blink’), grown in Lublin; a city in south-eastern Poland. P. fruticosa ‘Maanleys’ bloomed from the middle of May to the first decade of September and P. fruticosa ‘Blink’ from June until October. The pattern of diurnal flowering was similar for both cultivars and showed plasticity in the season. Flowers opened most intensively in the morning hours, and 80 - 90% of the daily installment of newly opened flowers expanded by 8.00 h GMT +2h. A delay in the peak of diurnal flowering was noted between the spring/summer and summer/autumn periods. The most intense blooming fell in the 2nd month of flowering. The mass of pollen produced per flower depended on both the number of anthers and the efficiency of archesporial tissues. The pollen output varied from 1.4 to 7.2 mg per 10 flowers (‘Maanleys’) and from 2.6 to 4.5 mg per 10 flowers (‘Blink’). The mass of pollen produced per individual shrub was substantially related to the abundance of blooming. The average estimated pollen productivity in the full flowering phase was low; 1 g (‘Maanleys’) and 1.5 g (‘Blink’) per 10 m2 of shrub crown. The flowers of Potentilla fruticosa attracted numerous insects, mainly solitary bees (33 - 43%), dipterans (31 - 42%), lepidopterans (4 - 14%), bumblebees (3 - 15%), and honey bees (3 - 4%). The Potentilla fruticosa ‘Maanleys’ and ‘Blink’ are propagated for specific ornamental arrangements and due to a long flowering period may be used in small urban courtyards for both decorative value and as a pollen delivering plants.

scholarly journals Quantifying the attractiveness of garden flowers for pollinators

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 803-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosi Rollings ◽  
Dave Goulson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Solitary Bees ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Myosotis Arvensis ◽  
A Site

Abstract There is great interest in planting urban areas to benefit pollinating insects, with the potential that urban areas and gardens could act as an extensive network of pollinator-friendly habitats. However, there are a great many different plant cultivars available to the gardener, and a paucity of evidence-based advice as to which plants are truly most attractive to flower-visiting insects. Here, we report insect visitation to metre square plots of 111 different ornamental plant cultivars at a site in central UK. Data were collected over 5 years, and comprise over 9000 insect observations, which were identified to species (for honeybees and bumblebees) or as ‘solitary bees’, Syrphidae, Lepidoptera and ‘others’. Unlike some previous studies, we found no difference in numbers of insects attracted to native or non-native species, or according to whether plants were annuals, biennials or perennials, but we did find that native plants attracted a significantly higher diversity of flower-visiting insects. Overall, the most-visited plants were Calamintha nepeta, Helenium autumnale and Geranium rozanne. However, patterns of visitation were quite different for every insect taxa examined. For example, different species of short-tongued bumblebees showed little overlap in their most-preferred plant cultivars. Interestingly, very similar plant cultivars often attracted different insect communities; for example, 72% of visitors to Aster novi belgii were honeybees or bumblebees, while the related Anthemis tinctoria, which also has daisy-like flowers, did not attract a single honeybee or bumblebee but was popular with solitary bees, hoverflies, and ‘other’ pollinators. Some plant cultivars such as Eryngium planum and Myosotis arvensis were attractive to a broad range of insects, while others attracted only a few species but sometimes in large numbers, such as Veronicastrum virginicum and Helenium autumnale which were both visited predominantly by honey bees. It is clear that we do not yet fully understand what factors drive insect flower preferences. Recommendations are made as to which flower cultivars could be combined to provide forage for a diversity of pollinator groups over the season from early spring to autumn, though it must be born in mind that some plants are likely to perform differently when grown in different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Nectar and Pollen Production and Insect Visitation on Ornamentals from the Genus Hosta Tratt. (Asparagaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek ◽  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek ◽  
Bożena Denisow
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Perianth Tube

Abstract Properly arranged ornamental gardens in both urban and agricultural landscapes can be of a benefit to bees. In this study, we observed the flowering phenology, nectar, and pollen production of the ornamental Hosta species and varieties (H. sieboldiana Engler, H. capitata Nakai, H. crispula Maekawa, H. fluctuans Maekawa, syn. H. sieboldiana var. fluctuans hort., H. undulata var. univittata Miquel (Hylander), syn. H. univittata). Our experiment was conducted in the 2012 - 2014 time period, at the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, Poland (51° 14’ N, 21° 34’ E). The total sugar yield varied almost 5-fold among Hosta ornamentals; the lowest amount was calculated for H. fluctuans (2.31 g per 10 m2) and the highest for H. capitata (11.80 g per 10 m2). The average pollen yield was from 0.24 g per 10 m2 (H. undulata var. univittata) to 9.53 g per 10 m2 (H. capitata). Pollen grains were bilaterally symmetrical, and large-sized. In polar view, they were prolatum (shape index 1.33 - 1.61), while in equatorial view, oblatum (shape index 0.5 - 0.7). Hosta species can complete the summer pasture mainly for bumblebees. In four of the five Hosta representatives, bumblebees accounted for 60 - 70% of the total visits. The honeybee predominated only on the flowers of H. capitata (54 - 71%). Solitary bees were rarely observed (3 - 9% of visits). The phenotypic traits of Hosta flowers (the accumulation of nectar in the deep and narrow perianth tube) reduced the access to nectar reward and restricted an array of insect visitors.

scholarly journals Characteristics of blooming, pollen production, and insect visitors of Polemonium caeruleum L. – a species with a potential to enrich pollinator-friendly urban habitats

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
White Flower ◽  
Blue Flower ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Flower Form ◽  
Insect Visitors

Mosaic structure of urban green areas is regarded as favorable for pollinating insects. Ornamental plants can provide food resources to pollinators and may thus be used to create pollinator-friendly habitats. However, detailed data on forage quantity and quality is required for the selection of the most valuable plant species. In this paper, blooming biology, pollen production, and insect visitors of two forms (blue-flower and white-flower) of <em>Polemonium caeruleum</em> were studied in the period of 2012–2014 in Lublin, SE Poland. Both forms bloomed from mid-May until mid-June. The average mass of pollen produced in a single flower was 1.57 mg and 1.39 mg in blue-flower and white-flower forms, respectively. On average, the blue-flower form produced 7.74 g of pollen/m<sup>2</sup>, while the white-flower form yielded 6.54 g of pollen/m<sup>2</sup>. Both forms attracted mainly honey bees and solitary bees. <em>Polemonium caeruleum</em> can be considered a good source of pollen for honey bees and wild insect pollinators and should be propagated in urban pollinator-friendly arrangements.

scholarly journals Identification of Disease and Efforts to Protect Natural Orchid Plants Against Fungi Infection in the Liwa Botanical Garden

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Mahfut Mahfut ◽  
Mitha Valentina Treesya Panjaitan ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayani ◽  
Sukimin Sukimin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
The Aesthetic

Liwa Botanical Garden is located in West Lampung Regency which has an area of 86.6 hectares and is one of the conservation of ornamental plants that presents the flora of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. One of the flagship collections of this botanical garden is a native orchid. Disease infection is still a major obstacle in the cultivation and development of native orchid potential at Liwa Botanical Garden. Based on the results of previous studies, it is known that several individual natural orchid collections from Liwa Botanical Garden showed symptoms of fungal disease infections. Disease infections can inhibit plant growth and resistance and reduce the aesthetic value periodically. Symptoms of infection include necrotic patches on the upper surface of the leaf. This research was conducted to determine the identification of diseases and efforts to protect native orchids against fungal infections at Liwa Botanical Garden through a collection of samples that showed symptoms of infection, analysis of disease symptoms, and analysis of disease resistance levels. The results showed that the response of the native orchid at Liwa Botanical Garden to fungal infections was showed symptoms of wilting in the leaves, namely in the orchids Eria sp., Dendrobium sp., and Cymbidium sp. turns black on the edge of the leaf, Thrixspermum sp. The type of orchid most commonly infected with fungus is Cymbidium sp. a total of 8 samples, and Thrixspermum sp. 3 samples, Eria sp. as many as 4 samples, Dendrobium sp. and Calanthe triplicata as many as 6 samples. The type of native orchid that is most susceptible to fungal infections is Dendrobium sp. and Eria sp. with disease intensity of 74.11% and 22.3%. The results of this activity are expected to be basic information in efforts to protect plants against diseases to support the application of conservation of native orchids on Liwa Botanical Garden.

scholarly journals Early Spring Nectar and Pollen and Insect Visitor Behavior in Two Corydalis Species (Papaveraceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek ◽  
Małgorzata Bożek ◽  
Anna Jeżak
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Visitor Behavior ◽  
Pollen Presentation ◽  
Current Area ◽  
The Moment

Abstract This study, conducted in 2008 and 2012 - 2013, evaluated the flowering pattern (seasonal and diurnal), the abundance of flowering, nectar, and pollen yield, and insect visitor activity for Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. and C. cava Schweig. et Koerte. The populations occur in the ground layer of a deciduous forest (Fagetalia ordo, Querco-Fagetea class) in a natural gorge within the current area of the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, Poland (51° 16’ N, 22° 30’ E). The phenology of Corydalis species showed distinct year-to-year plasticity (e.g., blooming period in March - April or in April - May; duration 18 - 42 days). The most intensive flower opening was noted in the early morning hours (85 - 90% of daily openings occurred between 6.00 and 10.00 h, GMT +2 h). The average sugar yield was similar at 4.6 kg/ha (C. cava) and 5.2 kg/ha (C. solida), but the average pollen production differed and reached 2.1 kg/ha (C. cava) and 4.1 kg/ha (C. solida). The flower-visitor interaction in Corydalis species involved both biological (early pattern of diurnal flowering, protandry, pollen presentation at the moment of anthesis) and morphological (nectar hidden in deep spur) features. Apis mellifera foragers predominated on both Corydalis species (mean of total visitors, 68.0% to C. solida; 62.5% to C. cava) and foraged mainly for pollen (82% of foragers), while bumblebee queens (mean of total visitors, 32.0% to C. solida; 37.5% to C. cava) collected mainly nectar (68.0% of foragers).

scholarly journals THE PROSPECTS OFUSE ITOH GROUPIN THE CONDITIONS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN «PODILLYA» INVINNYTSIA NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-121
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Landscape Gardening

The most important challenge in the field of introduction and acclimatization should be accumulation collection funds as the main base for research. The mobilization and testing of varietal diversity of flower and decorative crops in this regard are important significance in the development of the scientific foundations of decorative gardening and landscaping. Peony is one of the most beautiful and common flower crops. With a large palette of colors and a variety of flower shapes, peonies form a bush that, thanks to carved leaves, is decorative from early spring to late fall. The article presents the results of the research of comparative-literary analysis of scientific sources with the study of foreign experience of growing Ito-peonies for the purpose of using them in landscape design. The main objective of the research was to replenish the peony culture collection on the basis of the architectural and exposition plot of the Podillya Botanical Garden of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University with new Itoh Group varieties, their introductory cultivation and identification of the most promising decorative and valuable cultivars, cultivation, and cultivation in breeding work. The systematized and generalized data on the historical aspects of cultivation of Ito-peonies of foreign breeding are presented. The new interspecific ITO hybrids have the advantages of both parents: they took winter hardiness from grassy peonies (the aerial part dies in winter), and the shape and color of the flowers and leaves are inherited from tree-like ones. This achievement allowed us to expand the color gamut of winter-hardy peonies. During the experimental study, the use of the studied Paeonia L. species for the greening of cities, towns and private houses was found to improve the aesthetic perception of the designed objects. The original characteristics of the varieties and hybrids of Ito-peonies claimed by the originator showed the complete coincidence of varietal characteristics in all the parameters that determine their decorative affiliation. It is proved that under Podillya conditions the studied plants are characterized as valuable objects for increasing the range of flower and ornamental perennials in order to improve the condition of gardens and parks of Ukraine. According to the results of the varietal study of the American Peony Society, originality, high decorative and flowering duration in the Podillya area were established. It is proved that in addition to the high decorative properties of this group, there are also significant prospects for use in landscape design. Ito-peonies are of considerable importance in the landscaping of populated cities, including parks, squares, boulevards, waterfronts and private plots. The study group is classified as one of the most beautifully flowering perennial flower and decorative crops. A wide range of colors, a variety of flower shapes are created, creating a bush with ornamental foliage that does not lose its decorative effect from early spring to late autumn. Thus, the Itoh Group's research for the modern landscape gardening will allow to significantly expand the range of flower and ornamental plants in order to enrich the cultivated flora of the Podillya region and Ukraine as a whole. The results of the experiment will be used to replenish the collection of the Ito group on the basis of the architectural and exposition section of the Vinnytsia NAU for the practical activity of students of specialty 206 «Landscape gardening» and scientific and pedagogical staff.

scholarly journals Early Floral Resources for Urban Bees From Ornamental Shrubs Ribes Aureum, Ribes Sanguineum and Staphylea Pinnata

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
Marzena Masierowska
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Ornamental Shrubs ◽  
Ribes Sanguineum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insect Visitors

AbstractThis research aims to assess ornamental shrubs Ribes aureum, R. sanguineum and Staphylea pinnata as an early food source for urban bees. In a two-year study, the abundance and flowering pattern, nectar and pollen production, and spectrum of urban insect visitors were investigated in Lublin, SE Poland. The apiarian value of S. pinnata was studied for the first time. The studied species exhibited abundant and extended flowering, skewed inflorescence flowering pattern, and persistent flowers and inflorescences. They bloomed from late March to late May and could be considered as valuable early foraging resources for urban bees, despite the substantial differences between the species. The highest mean sugar yield and pollen yield · plant−1 (92.9 g and 44.0 g, respectively) was estimated for S. pinnata whereas the lowest ones were found in R. sanguineum (4.3 g and 1.8 g, respectively). Hymenopterans were the principal flower visitors in the studied species accounting for more than 79% of all visits.

Pruning and training.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
And Training

Abstract Manipulation of plant growth via pruning and training methods has been carried out for as long as crops have been cultivated by man. These methods serve to not only improve the aesthetic value of ornamental plants, but also to increase yields, optimise fruit quality and prolong the productive life of horticultural crops. Pruning involves the selective removal of a diverse range of plant tissue. Branches, stems, roots, buds, flowers, leaves and young fruitlets may all be pruned depending on the purpose, species and growth form of the crop this is applied to. Training methods for horticultural applications are primarily used to support the plant and the weight of produce as it develops. Training structurally alters plant form, to alter the shape, size and direction of plant growth, it also allows optimal light interception and air flow and for ease of access for harvesting and other operations.

A PROMISING ASSORTMENT OF TREES AND SHRUBS FOR LANDSCAPING IN VOLGOGRAD CITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
E.N. Tyukhtina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The article deals with one of the most relevant topics of the modern city and ecology - the problem of landscaping in Volgograd. The city is characterized by an industrial urbanism, with a high concentration of population, saturation of production facilities and vehicles, which contributes to a high level of negative impact on the environment. The pace of greening of the city lags behind the pace of construction of the residential sector, and the existing green spaces do not meet the sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic requirements. The prospects of this problem are determined, the existing green spaces are considered, data on the climatic conditions of the city and the ecological situation are given. Improvement in the field of landscaping is associated with the scientifically sound placement of green spaces, taking into account all the factors that affect the growth and development of plants in the urban environment. Unfortunately, due to the uneven distribution of the assortment of trees and shrubs, the species composition of the central streets and squares of the city is extremely poor. The study focuses on the role of the botanical garden in urban landscaping and aims to create recommendations for the sorting of tree and shrub plants for urban landscaping. As a result of the analysis of the assortment of ornamental plants of the open ground of the botanical garden, the article proposed species and varieties of woody and shrubby plants that have passed the introduction tests for more than 5-10 years. Recommendations for sorting are aimed at improving the ecological situation of the city and greening the recreation areas of citizens. The proposed list of tree and shrub species cannot fully solve the problem of greening the city, but it will help to significantly enrich the composition of tree and shrub plants.

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