scholarly journals Nectar and Pollen Production and Insect Visitation on Ornamentals from the Genus Hosta Tratt. (Asparagaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek ◽  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek ◽  
Bożena Denisow
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Perianth Tube

Abstract Properly arranged ornamental gardens in both urban and agricultural landscapes can be of a benefit to bees. In this study, we observed the flowering phenology, nectar, and pollen production of the ornamental Hosta species and varieties (H. sieboldiana Engler, H. capitata Nakai, H. crispula Maekawa, H. fluctuans Maekawa, syn. H. sieboldiana var. fluctuans hort., H. undulata var. univittata Miquel (Hylander), syn. H. univittata). Our experiment was conducted in the 2012 - 2014 time period, at the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, Poland (51° 14’ N, 21° 34’ E). The total sugar yield varied almost 5-fold among Hosta ornamentals; the lowest amount was calculated for H. fluctuans (2.31 g per 10 m2) and the highest for H. capitata (11.80 g per 10 m2). The average pollen yield was from 0.24 g per 10 m2 (H. undulata var. univittata) to 9.53 g per 10 m2 (H. capitata). Pollen grains were bilaterally symmetrical, and large-sized. In polar view, they were prolatum (shape index 1.33 - 1.61), while in equatorial view, oblatum (shape index 0.5 - 0.7). Hosta species can complete the summer pasture mainly for bumblebees. In four of the five Hosta representatives, bumblebees accounted for 60 - 70% of the total visits. The honeybee predominated only on the flowers of H. capitata (54 - 71%). Solitary bees were rarely observed (3 - 9% of visits). The phenotypic traits of Hosta flowers (the accumulation of nectar in the deep and narrow perianth tube) reduced the access to nectar reward and restricted an array of insect visitors.

scholarly journals Ornamental Representatives of the Genus Centaurea L. as a Pollen Source for Bee Friendly Gardens

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek ◽  
Małgorzata Bożek ◽  
Anna Jeżak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Bumblebee Species ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Total Pollen ◽  
Frequent Visitor

Abstract The flowering phenology and pollen production of three ornamental Centaurea species were investigated in the years 2009 and 2012-2013. The study objects, Centaurea montana L. = Cyanus montanus (L.) Hill, Centaurea mollis Waldst & Kit, and Centaurea dealbata Willd. were cultivated within an area of the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, Poland (51° 14’ N, 22° 34’ E). Under the environmental conditions of SE Poland, the Centaurea species flowered continuously from mid-May to the first week of June. The mass of pollen in anthers was found to be species-related: 3.70 mg (C. montana), 4.02 mg (C. mollis), and 6.01 mg (C. dealbata) per 100 anthers. The total pollen yield was related to the mass of pollen produced in flowers and the abundance of blooming. Pollen grains were medium-sized, spheroid (C. dealbata) or prolato-spheroid (C. mollis and C. montana) in shape, and characterized by high viability (over 80% on average). The pollen provided by the plants of ornamental Centaurea species amounted to 6.0 - 7.9 g per m2 on average. The honeybee was the most frequent visitor of C. dealbata, accounting for 55.2% of the total pollinators, and bumblebee species predominated on the flowers of both C. montana (77.7%) and C. mollis (85.6%). Solitary bees and dipterans were also observed on the flowers of all species studied, but C. mollis was avoided by lepidopterans. Ornamental Centaurea species provide pollen reserves that could support communities of invertebrate pollinators, although the period of effective supply fluctuates annually due to changeable periods of blooming.

The Bee Community of Cannabis sativa and Corresponding Effects of Landscape Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Ryan Flicker ◽  
Katja Poveda ◽  
Heather Grab
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Pollination Services

Abstract Industrial hemp, Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae), is a newly introduced and rapidly expanding crop in the American agricultural landscape. As an exclusively wind-pollinated crop, hemp lacks nectar but produces an abundance of pollen during a period of floral dearth in agricultural landscapes. These pollen resources are attractive to a range of bee species but the diversity of floral visitors and their use of hemp across a range of agricultural contexts remains unclear. We made repeated sweep net collections of bees visiting hemp flowers on farms in New York, which varied in both landscape context and phenotypic traits of hemp varieties. We identified all bee visitors to the species level and found that hemp supported 16 different bee species. Landscape simplification negatively impacted the abundance of bees visiting hemp flowers but did not affect the species richness of the community. Plant height, on the other hand, was strongly correlated with bee species richness and abundance for hemp plots with taller varieties attracting a broader diversity of bee species. Because of its temporally unique flowering phenology, hemp has the potential to provide a critical nutritional resource to a diverse community of bees during a period of floral scarcity and thereby may help to sustain agroecosystem-wide pollination services for other crops in the landscape. As cultivation of hemp increases, growers, land managers, and policy makers should consider its value in supporting bee communities and take its attractiveness to bees into account when developing pest management strategies.

scholarly journals Pollen production and characteristics of pollen grains in two species of Camassia Lindl. (Hyacinthaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Beata Żuraw
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Pollen Production

In the years 1999-2001 the study was carried out in the area of UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin. Plants of <i>Camassia cusickii</i> S.Wats. and <i>Camassia leichtlinii</i> (Bak.) S.Wats. bloomed in May. During a day peak, of flowering occurred at 17.00 h. All anthers shed pollen simultaneously, just after tepals were expanded. Ten flowers produce 10.6-12.8 mg of pollen. The pollen viability ranged from 58 to 92%. The length of longitudinal equatorial axis (E) in <i>Camassia</i> Lindl. pollen grains reached 57,7 µm.

scholarly journals Nectar and pollen production in Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. and Iberis sempervirens L. (Brassicaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek ◽  
Karolina Tymoszuk ◽  
Jacek Jachuła ◽  
Małgorzata Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Insect Visitors

Ecological environment in urban areas is specific in many aspects. There are evidences that ornamental plants cultivated in local urban gardens may help in conservation of pollinators. In this study, the flowering pattern, the abundance of flowering, nectar and pollen production as well as insect visitation in <em>Arabis procurrens</em> Waldst. &amp; Kit. and <em>Iberis sempervirens</em> L. were investigated. The species were grown in the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, southeastern Poland. <em>Arabis procurrens</em> bloomed from the middle of April until middle of May and <em>I. sempervirens</em> from the end of April until middle of June. In both species, most flowers opened in the morning hours (40–45% of total were opened by 8:00 h GMT + 2 h). The average sugar yield of <em>A. procurrens</em> was ca. 53% lower compared to <em>I. sempervirens</em> (mean = 1.08 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 2.32 g/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively). In both species, considerable differences in the amount of produced sugars were noted between years. The mass of pollen produced in the flowers of <em>A. procurrens</em> was approx. 35% lower compared to that of <em>I. sempervirens</em> (mean = 0.06 mg and 0.09 mg per flower, respectively). Pollen produced per unit area was correlated with the number of flowers. On average, the species produced 1.46 g (<em>A. procurrens</em>) and 2.54 g (<em>I. sempervirens</em>) of pollen per 1 m<sup>2</sup>. The flowers of <em>A. procurrens</em> attracted mainly dipterans (56.3% of total visitors), while <em>I. sempervirens</em> lured chiefly solitary bees (47.4% of total visitors), however in both cases, honeybees, bumblebees and lepidopterans were also recorded. The <em>A. procurrens</em> and <em>I. sempervirens</em> due to flowering in early spring period may be promoted for use in small gardens (rock or pot gardens) for both aesthetic value and as plants that support insect visitors in nectar and pollen rewards.

scholarly journals Nutritive for insects attractantsin Asphodelus albus Miller flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Transverse Axis ◽  
Single Flower

The studies on <i>Asphodelus albus</i> Miller flowers were conducted in the Botanical Garden of the UMCS in Lublin in the years 2004-2005. The flower nectaries location was determined in a stereoscopic microscope. The nectaring abundance was studied with a pipette method described by Jabłoński and Szklanowska (1979), while pollen efficiency determined after Warakomska`s ether method (1972). Pollen viability was computed in a sample of 400 grains after acetocarmine staining. The following measurements of pollen grains were made: the length of polar axis (P), equatorial longitudinal axis (EL) and equatorial transverse axis (ET). In <i>Asphodelus albus</i> flowers, there are three nectary glands located in the ovary septa whose outlets are situated in the upper part of the ovary. The nectar secretion starts in a dehiscing bud and persists until the withering stage of perianth leaves. Considering the size of monocolpate pollen grains of <i>Asphodelus albus</i>, they are ranked among great, whereas their shape assumed flattened and circular at the polar view. In the Poland climatic conditions, a pollen showed high vitality (98%). The <i>Asphodelus albus</i> plants constitute a valuable source of nutrition for the pollinators as a single flower generated on average 4,22 mg sugars and 0,2 mg of pollen grains.

scholarly journals Flowering, pollen production and insect visitation in two Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Antoń ◽  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Karol Milaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Floral Reward ◽  
Diurnal Dynamics ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
June July ◽  
Aconitum Carmichaelii

Flowering phenology, diurnal dynamics of blooming, insect visitation and pollen production in <em>Aconitum lycoctonum </em>L. and <em>Aconitum carmichaelii </em>Debeaux were investigated in 2012–2013 in the Lublin area, SE Poland. Flowering of <em>A. lycoctonum </em>occurred in June/July, whereas <em>A. carmichaelii </em>bloomed in September/October. Both <em>Aconitum </em>species differed in terms of the diurnal pattern of flowering. The flowers of <em>A. lycoctonum </em>started opening at 5.00, whereas those of <em>A. carmichaelii </em>started blooming at 8.00 (GMT+2h). The species differed in the number of anthers per flower, the size of anthers, and the mass of pollen produced in anthers. As a result, the flowers of <em>A. lycoctonum </em>produced less pollen (mean = 1.0 mg per 10 flowers) than the flowers of <em>A. carmichaelii </em>(mean = 8.2 mg per 10 flowers). The estimated pollen yield was 0.2 g per m<sup>2</sup> for <em>A. lycoctonum </em>and 1.6 g per m<sup>2</sup> for <em>A. carmichaelii</em>. The flowers of both <em>Aconitum </em>species were foraged exclusively by bumblebees with the predominance of the long-tongued <em>Bombus hortorum</em>. Nectar was a more attractive floral reward than pollen. The propagation of <em>Aconitum lycoctonum </em>and <em>A. carmichaelii</em> in ornamental gardens may support the conservation of bumblebees whose populations are steadily declining.

POLLEN PRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATING PROPERTIES OF TRITICALE RELATIVE TO WHEAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. YEUNG ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Anther Extrusion ◽  
Wide Range

A study of the pollen production properties of three hexaploid triticale strains (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) showed that their anther length was significantly greater than that of wheat anthers (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and the estimated number of pollen grains per anther ranged from 15,000 to 21,000. In comparison, a total of 8000 grains per anther was estimated for wheat, cult Manitou. Eighty-nine percent anther extrusion occurred in triticale cult Rosner, while Manitou averaged 70% anther extrusion. The period of anthesis of triticale varied according to strain but generally was of longer duration than in Manitou and thereby promoted outcrossing. Using a triticale strain carrying a dominant marker gene, 50% seed-set was obtained at a distance of 12 m leeward of the pollen source; however, a small percentage was still obtained at a distance of 30 m. It would appear from the limited number of triticales used in this study that a wide range of variability exists within this species in its pollen production and disseminating properties. With appropriate selection pressures, strains with an outbreeding habit could be developed for the purpose of hybrid seed production.

Incompatibility, stamen movement and pollen economy in a heterostyled tropical forest tree, Cratoxylum formosum (Guttiferae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 214 (1195) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Level ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Incompatible Pollen ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Small Pollen ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Compatible Pollinations ◽  
Compatible Pollen

Cratoxylum formosum shows all the classical features of a distylic species. The two types are: long-styled plants with short stamens and small pollen grains and short-styled plants with long stamens and large pollen grains. Compatible pollinations are only between the two types; incompatible pollen tubes are inhibited in the style. A significant morphological feature distinguishes Cratoxylum from distylic plants in other families. Instead of having a small number of anthers making well separated narrow discs in the two types, Cratoxylum has many anthers (144) and they are arranged on staminal bundles that produce long cylinders of anthers that partially occupy similar height zones in the two types of flower. A novel method of separation of the two height zones is achieved by the bending of the stamens of the long-styled type when the flower opens, which converts the cylinder to a narrow disc of anthers at the same height as the ‘short’ stigma. The bending coincides with anther dehiscence and is slightly later than the first daily insect visitation. The anthers return to the upright position later in the day, when the pollination is complete. There was a 20-fold difference between the amounts of pollen deposited on the two types of stigmas. The ‘long’ stigmas received 1200 pollen grains per flower, in the ratio of 46 ‘long’ to 54 ‘short’, which is close to the ratio of two types of pollen produced in the population. This random deposition of pollen on ‘long’ stigmas is, however, more than adequate for the 36 seeds produced per flower. ‘Short’ stigmas received only 64 pollen grains per flower, in the ratio of 90 ‘long’ to 10 ‘short’, and several flowers had below the critical level of 36 compatible pollen grains for full seed production. Pollen loads of the pollinating bee, Apis javana , consisted of ‘long’ and ‘short’ pollen on the thorax in the ratio found on the ‘long’ stigma, and on the head of the bee in a ratio close to the 9:1 found on the ‘short ’ stigma. The corbicular loads reflected accurately the pollen of the tree in which the bee was caught. For Cratoxylum the accurate positioning of the anthers of the long-styled plant in relation to the visiting bees head was an important evolutionary step in the effective pollination of the short-styled form, which, at least in this species, is one critical and highly selected feature of the system.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Iranian Dracocephalum L. (Lamiaceae) and its taxonomic significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Naderifar ◽  
Ali Sonboli ◽  
Abbas Gholipour
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pollen morphology of 11 Iranian Dracocephalum L. species was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate their taxonomic significance for the infrageneric classification of the genus. Pollen grains of all examined taxa were isopolar, hexacolpate, circular in polar view and spheroidal to prolate in equatorial view (P/E = 1.0?2.0). The smallest pollen grains were observed in D. aucheri (P = 29.7 ?m, E = 22.6 ?m), while the largest pollen was found in D. lindbergii (P = 45.1 ?m, E = 33.7 ?m). The highest and lowest apocolpium index (AI) were measured in D. aucheri (AI = 0.27) and D. surmandinum (AI = 0.08), respectively. Colpus membrane was egranulate in all examined species except for D. multicaule and D. ghahremanii. The main exine ornamentation type was characterized as bireticulate including five different subtypes. The results revealed that the exine ornamentation is a diagnostic character useful for the classification of Dracocephalum.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(2): 99-110, 2015 (December)

scholarly journals The reproductive biology of Calligonum L. in relation to ex situ conservation in a botanical garden

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Xiaoshan ◽  
Pan Borong ◽  
Duan Shimin ◽  
Shi Wei ◽  
Zhang Yongzhi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Germplasm Resource

In this study, we observed the flowering phenology, breeding system, pollination and seed germination of four species of Calligonum (C. calliphysa, C. rubicundum, C. densum and C. ebinuricum) in the Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden, China. Our results showed that the species had overlapping flowering phenologies and were pollinated by similar pollination agents. Their breeding systems were self-compatible, and with signs of outbreeding, but not of hybridization with each other; the main isolation mechanism was post-zygotic isolation and they also had high seed germination rates. Therefore, they are suited to ex situ conservation in the Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden, and can supply sufficient seeds for renewal populations and the conservation of germplasm resources. Furthermore, these results provide theoretical support for the construction of a national germplasm resource garden of Calligonum, and for the introduction to the garden of other eremophyteplants and their conservation.

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