scholarly journals Characteristics of the flora of fallow lands on rendzina soils on the Twardowice Plateau (Silesian Upland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Babczyńska-Sendek ◽  
Agnieszka Błońska ◽  
Joanna Hejdysz
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Constant Component ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Meadow Species

The paper presents the results of investigations on the flora of fallow lands on rendzina soils. The research was carried out in the area of the Twardowice Plateau (the Silesian Upland) within 9 areas adjacent to xerothermic grasslands. The investigated flora consisted of 220 vascular plant species with the dominance of native taxa. Plants of xerothermic grasslands and thermophilous edges were the most numerous (32%). The dominance of <em>Libanotis pyrenaica </em>in 4 of the examined areas should be emphasized. The percentage of meadow species was also considerable (25%). Anthropophytes comprised 18% of the flora of fallow lands and archaeophytes prevailed among them (9%). <em>Solidago canadensis</em>, an invasive species, was the constant component of the investigated fallows and sometimes its coverage was remarkable. <br />As a result of the high proportion of xerothermic and thermophilous plants, plants associated with dry soils and soils having an intermediate character between dry and fresh, as well as plants preferring slightly acidic to alkaline soils poor in nitrogen compounds predominated in the investigated fallows. Perennial plants prevailed (65%) in the studied flora and slightly more than half of the species reproduced only by seeds. Competitive plant species (C strategists) had the highest proportion (39%) and species with intermediate strategies CSR, CR and CS were also numerous. <br />The investigations have shown that there are favourable conditions for settling and growth of many xerothermic species in the investigated fallow lands. Moreover, the neighbouring grasslands are the seed source for these areas.

scholarly journals Flora of the Trans-siberian railway and its correlation with the characteristics of natural biomes on the Eastern European plain

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Юлия Константиновна Виноградова ◽  
Валерий Константинович Тохтарь ◽  
Виктория Николаевна Зеленкова ◽  
Мария Андреевна Галкина ◽  
Андрей Юрьевич Курской ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
East European ◽  
Erigeron Canadensis ◽  
Railroad Embankment

Проведена инвентаризация чужеродных и аборигенных растений на участках Транссибирской магистрали, проходящих по территории Восточно-Европейской равнины. Изучены северная ветка (Киров - Кострома - Ярославль - Москва) и центральная ветка (Киров - Нижний Новгород - Владимир - Москва). Выявляли корреляцию между характеристиками естественных биомов и основными флористическими показателями. Исследовано 15 железнодорожных станций в 5 областях, расположенных в трех естественных биомах. На каждом участке закладывали площадки размером 100 м2 в трех различных экотопах: на железнодорожном полотне, на откосах и на подошве железнодорожной насыпи в начале полосы отчуждения (в основном, это были дренажные канавы), всего составлено 61 геоботаническое описание. Выявлено 265 видов сосудистых растений (28 древесных растений, 135 поликарпических трав и 102 вида монокарпических трав). Объем флоры участков Транссибирской магистрали положительно коррелирует с общим числом видов сосудистых растений, зарегистрированных в биоме: самое высокое число как древесных, так и травянистых видов, причем и на полотне железной дороги, и по откосам, отмечено на участках, проходящих через Смоленско-Приволжский широколиственно-хвойнолесной биом. По снижению числа зарегистрированных видов растений экотопы железной дороги располагаются в ряду: откосы железной дороги → полотно железной дороги → дренажные канавы. Согласно коэффициенту Съеренсена, наиболее высокое сходство наблюдается между флорой откосов (53%), ниже сходство локальных флор железнодорожного полотна (44%), и очень низкое (20%) сходство флор дренажных канав. Только 6 видов встречаются во всех трех биомах, причем все они являются чужеродными инвазионными видами, а 4 из них (Acer negundo, Amaranthus retroflexus, Erigeron canadensis, Epilobium adenocaulon) входят в ТОР-100 самых опасных инвазионных видов России. Транссибирская магистраль служит как реципиентом чужеродных видов, «сбегающих» на нее из населенных пунктов, так и основным вектором их дальнейшего расселения по транспортному коридору. Inventory of alien and native plants was carried out on the segments of the Trans-Siberian Railway, passing through the territory of the East European Plain. The Northern Branch of the Railway (Kirov - Kostroma - Yaroslavl - Moscow) and the Central Branch of the Railway (Kirov - Nizhny Novgorod - Vladimir - Moscow) were studied. We revealed a correlation between the characteristics of natural biomes and the main floristic indices. We studied 15 railway stations in five regions located in three natural biomes. At each site, we laid 100 m2 plots in three different ecotopes: on the railroad bed, on slopes and in the railroad embankment outsole (mainly infiltration ditch). A total of 61 geobotanical descriptions were compiled. 265 species of vascular plants were detected (28 woody plants, 135 polycarpical herbs and 102 species of monocarpical herbs). Plant’s number in the Trans-Siberian Railway positively correlates with the total number of vascular plant species recorded in the biomes: the highest number of both woody and herbaceous species, and both on the railroad bed and on the slopes, is noted in segments passing through the Smolensk-Privolzhsky biome. In terms of reducing the number of plant species, the ecotopes of the railway located in the following range: slopes of the railway → railroad bed → infiltration ditch. According to the Sørensen's similarity coefficient, the highest similarity is observed between the flora of slopes (53%), similarity of local flora of the railway bed is lower (44%), and very low (20%) similarity of flora is noted for infiltration ditch. Only 6 species are found in all three biomes, all of them being alien invasive species, and 4 of them (Acer negundo, Amaranthus retroflexus, Erigeron canadensis, Epilobium adenocaulon) are among the TOP-100 the most dangerous invasive species in Russia. The Trans-Siberian Railway serves both as a recipient of alien species "escaping" from settlements and as a main vector for their further dispersal along the transport corridor.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITY OF INVASIVE SPECIES SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS L.

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligita BALEŽENTIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Phenolics Content

Solidago canadensis L. (Asteraceae) spread throughout the world and also is enlisted in the National list of invasive species (2012). Here the allelopathic activity of the species was assessed in terms of further understanding of their distributions over the range of native spread. The invasion success of S. Canadensis was tried to base on the estimation of the total phenolics content (TPC) in the plant aqueous leachates at different growth stages. Allelopathic impacts (total phenolics content, total concentration and dynamic, conventional coumarine units, CCU) of S. canadensis were examined during 2012-2013 in Laboratory of raw materials, agro and zootechnics research, Aleksandras Stulginskis University. The plants were sampled in spring (May, rosette), summer (June, flowering) and autumn (September, seed maturity) for preparing the aqueous extracts. The biochemical (allelopathic) characteristics of S. canadensis aqueous extracts were examined at different plant growth stages. Principal (0–9) and secondary (0–9) growth stages as per universal BBCH scale description and coded using uniform two-digit code of phenologically similar growth stages of all mono- and dicotyledonous plant species. The TPC ranged between 0.968 mg ml-1 to 23.591 mg ml-1 depending on the plant ontogenetic stage, plant part and extract concentration (r = -0.7). Due to accumulated allelochemicals, the invasive S. canadensis, might acquire distribution advantage in new territories outside the native habitat range, through the inhibitory effects on germination of native plant species.

scholarly journals Spatial and evolutionary predictability of phytochemical diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. e2013344118
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Defossez ◽  
Camille Pitteloud ◽  
Patrice Descombes ◽  
Gaétan Glauser ◽  
Pierre-Marie Allard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Alpine Habitats ◽  
Topographical Factors ◽  
General Tool

To cope with environmental challenges, plants produce a wide diversity of phytochemicals, which are also the source of numerous medicines. Despite decades of research in chemical ecology, we still lack an understanding of the organization of plant chemical diversity across species and ecosystems. To address this challenge, we hypothesized that molecular diversity is not only related to species diversity, but also constrained by trophic, climatic, and topographical factors. We screened the metabolome of 416 vascular plant species encompassing the entire alpine elevation range and four alpine bioclimatic regions in order to characterize their phytochemical diversity. We show that by coupling phylogenetic information, topographic, edaphic, and climatic variables, we predict phytochemical diversity, and its inherent composition, of plant communities throughout landscape. Spatial mapping of phytochemical diversity further revealed that plant assemblages found in low to midelevation habitats, with more alkaline soils, possessed greater phytochemical diversity, whereas alpine habitats possessed higher phytochemical endemism. Altogether, we present a general tool that can be used for predicting hotspots of phytochemical diversity in the landscape, independently of plant species taxonomic identity. Such an approach offers promising perspectives in both drug discovery programs and conservation efforts worldwide.

Differentiation of new coenomorph in context of the Belgard’s ecomorph system development

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
System Development ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, bioecological characteristics of species are the basis for flora and vegetation studying on the different levels. Bioecological characteristics of species is required in process of flora studying on the different levels such as biotopes or phytocenoses, floras of particular areas (floras of ecologically homogeneous habitats), and floras of certain territories. Ramensky scale is the one of first detailed ecological scales on plant species ordination in relation to various environmental factors; it developed in 1938 (Ramensky, 1971). A little later (1941), Pogrebnyak’s scale of forest stands was proposed. Ellenberg’s system developed in 1950 (Ellenberg, 1979) and Tsyganov’s system (Tsyganov, 1975) are best known as the systems of ecological scales on vascular plant species; these systems represent of habitat detection by ecotopic ecomorphs of plant species (phytoindication). Basically, the system proposed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard was the one of first system of plant species that identiified ectomorphs in relation to environmental factors. As early as 1950, Belgard developed the tabulated system of ecomorphs using the Latin ecomorphs abbreviation; he also used the terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), as well as terminology of other authors. The article analyzes the features of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs on vascular plants. It has certain significance and advantages over other systems of ecomorphs. The use of abbreviated Latin names of ecomorphs in tabular form enables the use shortened form of ones. In the working scheme of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs relation of species to environmental factors are represented in the abbreviated Latin alphabetic version (Belgard, 1950). Combined into table, the ecomorphic analysis of plant species within association (ecological certification of species), biotope or area site (water area) gives an explicit pattern on ecological structure of flora within surveyed community, biotope or landscape, and on environmental conditions. Development and application by Belgrard the cenomorphs as «species’ adaptation to phytocenosis as a whole» were completely new in the development of systems of ecomorphs and, in this connection, different coenomorphs were distinguished. Like any concept, the system of ecomorphs by Belgard has the possibility and necessity to be developed and added. Long-time researches and analysis of literature sources allow to propose a new coenomorph in the context of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs development: silvomargoant (species of forest margin, from the Latin words margo – edge, boundary (Dvoretsky, 1976), margo – margin, ad margins silvarum – along the deciduous forest margins). As an example of ecomorphic characterization of species according to the system of ecomorphs by Belgard (when the abbreviated Latin ecomorph names are used in tabular form and the proposed cenomorph is used), it was given the part of the table on vascular plants ecomorphs in the National Nature Park «Orelsky» (Baranovsky et al). The Belgard’s system of ecomorphs is particularly convenient and can be successfully applied to data processing in the ecological analysis of the flora on wide areas with significant species richness, and the proposed ecomorph will be another necessary element in the Belgard’s system of ecomorphs. 

Alkaline soil pH affects bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes of plants growing in a Sandhills ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dantas Lopes ◽  
Jingjie Hao ◽  
Daniel P Schachtman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

ABSTRACT Soil pH is a major factor shaping bulk soil microbial communities. However, it is unclear whether the belowground microbial habitats shaped by plants (e.g. rhizosphere and root endosphere) are also affected by soil pH. We investigated this question by comparing the microbial communities associated with plants growing in neutral and strongly alkaline soils in the Sandhills, which is the largest sand dune complex in the northern hemisphere. Bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere DNA were extracted from multiple plant species and analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that rhizosphere, root endosphere and bulk soil microbiomes were different in the contrasting soil pH ranges. The strongest impact of plant species on the belowground microbiomes was in alkaline soils, suggesting a greater selective effect under alkali stress. Evaluation of soil chemical components showed that in addition to soil pH, cation exchange capacity also had a strong impact on shaping bulk soil microbial communities. This study extends our knowledge regarding the importance of pH to microbial ecology showing that root endosphere and rhizosphere microbial communities were also influenced by this soil component, and highlights the important role that plants play particularly in shaping the belowground microbiomes in alkaline soils.

scholarly journals Improving the knowledge of plant potential biodiversity-ecosystem services links using maps at the regional level in Southern Patagonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamina Micaela Rosas ◽  
Pablo L. Peri ◽  
María Vanessa Lencinas ◽  
Romina Lasagno ◽  
Guillermo J. Martínez Pastur
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Southern Patagonia

Abstract Background Biodiversity supports multiple ecosystem services, whereas species loss endangers the provision of many services and affects ecosystem resilience and resistance capacity. The increase of remote sensing techniques allows to estimate biodiversity and ecosystem services supply at the landscape level in areas with low available data (e.g. Southern Patagonia). This paper evaluates the potential biodiversity and how it links with ecosystem services, based on vascular plant species across eight ecological areas. We also evaluated the habitat plant requirements and their relation with natural gradients. A total of 977 plots were used to develop habitat suitability maps based on an environmental niche factor analysis of 15 more important indicator species for each ecological area (n = 53 species) using 40 explanatory variables. Finally, these maps were combined into a single potential biodiversity map, which was linked with environmental variables and ecosystem services supply. For comparisons, data were extracted and compared through analyses of variance. Results The plant habitat requirements varied greatly among the different ecological areas, and it was possible to define groups according to its specialization and marginality indexes. The potential biodiversity map allowed us to detect coldspots in the western mountains and hotspots in southern and eastern areas. Higher biodiversity was associated to higher temperatures and normalized difference vegetation index, while lower biodiversity was related to elevation and rainfall. Potential biodiversity was closely associated with supporting and provisioning ecosystem services in shrublands and grasslands in the humid steppe, while the lowest values were related to cultural ecosystem services in Nothofagus forests. Conclusions The present study showed that plant species present remarkable differences in spatial distributions and ecological requirements, being a useful proxy for potential biodiversity modelling. Potential biodiversity values change across ecological areas allowing to identify hotspots and coldspots, a useful tool for landscape management and conservation strategies. In addition, links with ecosystem services detect potential synergies and trade-offs, where areas with the lowest potential biodiversity are related to cultural ecosystem services (e.g. aesthetic values) and areas with the greatest potential biodiversity showed threats related to productive activities (e.g. livestock).

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