Degradation processes in tungsten filaments at high temperatures

Degradation processes in tungsten filaments of lighting lamps under normal operating conditions are experimentally studied. The duration of each measurement in continuous mode is about 18 hours. To increase the measurement accuracy, subtraction (compensation) of the constant component of the voltage is used. To compensate for the constant component of the voltage, a low noise reference DC voltage source is used. Using this scheme allowed decreasing the influence of the inherent noise of power supplies without suppressing degradation processes. It is shown that the relative change in resistance during the measurement does not exceed 2.8·10−3. It is also shown that the joint influence of voltage fluctuations of power supplies and low noise reference voltage source on the measurement results corresponds to a relative change in a resistance equal to 2.8·10−4. The study of degradation processes can be used to assess the reliability (and durability) of products in electrical engineering and radio electronics.

Track Model with Nonlinear Elastic Characteristic of the Rubber Rail Pad

This paper presents a new basic nonlinear track model consisting of an infinite Euler-Bernoulli beam (rail) resting on continuous foundation with two elastic layers (rail pad and ballast bed) and intermediate inertial layer (sleepers). The two elastic layers have bilinear elastic characteristic obtained from the load-displacement characteristic of the rail pad and ballast. A time-varying load with two components - time-constant one and harmonic other, representing the wheel/rail contact force is considered as the track model input. Rail deflection due to the time-constant component of the load is obtained solving the nonlinear equations of the balance position. Subsequently, the structure of the nonhomogeneous foundation is determined. Dynamic rail response in terms of receptance due to the harmonic component of the load is calculated using the linearised track model with nonhomogeneous elastic characteristic. Influence of the time-constant component and the reflected waves due to the nonhomogeneous foundation are presented.

Features of Adaptation of English Borrowings in Chinese (Using of Word ‘Hacker’)

The peculiarities of adaptation of anglicisms in the Chinese language are considered. It is shown that the penetration of English linguistic units into the Chinese language is a modern trend, especially in the field of computer technology. It is noted that the morphemes of borrowed words, penetrating into the Chinese language, take part in word formation in the role of classifiers, becoming a constant component of a complex word, which ensures the productivity of a certain model in the Chinese language. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the semantic scope of the term hacker. It has been established that the word hacker has developed different meanings over the past decades. It is pointed out that as the role of the hacker in life changed, the word acquired new interpretations, from neutral ‘specialist’ to negative ‘miscreant’. It is shown that the most active way of borrowing anglicisms is transliteration: the word hacker functions in the Chinese language in the form of two hieroglyphs 黑客, where the second component is included in the “X + 客” model, according to which other neologisms are created. It was revealed that the model is the most productive for the formation of words with the meaning of a person engaged in a certain activity, which is largely due to the active use of the word hacker in the Chinese language.

Modeling and Measurements of Properties of Coupled Inductors

This paper proposes a model of a coupled inductor which takes into account the influence of frequency, temperature, and a constant component, IDC, of currents in the windings on the parameters of the considered element. A description of the model and methods of measuring parameters of the inductor using an impedance analyzer and a chamber for thermal measurements is given. The obtained results of measurements are compared with the results of calculations proving a satisfactory match.

ASTATIC IDENTIFIER IN THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE GYROTHEODOLITE’S SENSITIVE ELEMENT

The basic features of working conditions of means of ground orientation are considered. It is shown that in the presence of external vibration the appearance of additional measurement error is possible. The main characteristics of external vibration are given. A new feedback controller structure has been proposed, which includes an astatic state identifier. The mathematical model of the device in the form of space of states taking into account external vibration is considered. It is proposed to control the position of the sensitive element by the method of modal control by an incomplete state vector. It is assumed that the measured parameter for identifying the state vector is the angle of deviation of the sensitive element of the gyrotheodolite in azimuth. The analysis of observability at the set structure of matrices of a condition and measurements is carried out. To reduce the estimation error that occurs due to the presence of uncontrolled vibration, the state identifier uses both proportional and integrated feedback channels. The coefficients of an observer with an astatic component in the equation of state are determined under the assumption that the evaluation process should be aperiodic. Simulation of the work of the astatic identifier on the basis of the developed software model is carried out. The coefficients of the software model are selected on the basis of constructive solutions used at the present stage of development of systems for determining azimuthal directions based on gyrotheodolites. The coefficients of the observer for the given parameters of the device are calculated. The simulation results showed that the application of the proposed method can significantly reduce the impact of the constant component of external vibration. The error of estimating the angular coordinates and velocities used in the control system of the position of the sensing element, the astatic status identifier goes to zero, while the static system has a constant component of the error. In further research it is planned to build a generalized system, which includes control of the motion of the sensing element both in the azimuth and in the non-gyrostabilized plane.

Different Roles of p62 (SQSTM1) Isoforms in Keratin-Related Protein Aggregation

p62/Sequestosome-1 (p62) is a multifunctional adaptor protein and is also a constant component of disease-associated protein aggregates, including Mallory–Denk bodies (MDBs), in steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We investigated the interaction of the two human p62 isoforms, p62-H1 (full-length isoform) and p62-H2 (partly devoid of PB1 domain), with keratins 8 and 18, the major components of MDBs. In human liver, p62-H2 is expressed two-fold higher compared to p62-H1 at the mRNA level and is present in slightly but not significantly higher concentrations at the protein level. Co-transfection studies in CHO-K1 cells, PLC/PRF/5 cells as well as p62− total-knockout and wild-type mouse fibroblasts revealed marked differences in the cytoplasmic distribution and aggregation behavior of the two p62 isoforms. Transfection-induced overexpression of p62-H2 generated large cytoplasmic aggregates in PLC/PRF/5 and CHO-K1 cells that mostly co-localized with transfected keratins resembling MDBs or (transfection without keratins) intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies. In fibroblasts, however, transfected p62-H2 was predominantly diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. Aggregation of p62-H2 and p62ΔSH2 as well as the interaction with K8 (but not with K18) involves acquisition of cross-β-sheet conformation as revealed by staining with luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes. These results indicate the importance of considering p62 isoforms in protein aggregation disease.

Acceptable Residual Stresses Value Criteria for Rail Stress State

According to simulating and experimental research, the negative linear relation between the level of residual stresses, assessed by the method of acoustic tensometry, and the divergence of the notch in the rail cut in accordance with clause 7.14 of GOST 51685-2013, was found. The correlation coefficient is 0.94. It was determined by the method of regression analysis that the sensitivity of inclination of the notch is the same for different rail casts with account of the measuring errors and it is minus 0.032, but the constant component of the expression is different for different casts of the rail. The constant component should be assessed according to the results of the tests of residual stresses by destructive methods (cutting the rail) in accordance with 7.14 GOST 51685-2013. After evaluating the constant component for each of the rail casts, the dependence can be obtained that describes the notch divergence depending on the level of the measured residual stresses. When the descrepancy of the notch does not exceed 2 mm, the stress state of the rail is acceptable by GOST 51685-2013; the predicted notch discrepancy of the notch is calculated according to the dependence given in the paper. Experimental evaluation of residual stresses was carried out using the EMA method of wave input-reception and the acoustoelasticity effect. Mathematical modeling was carried out by the finite element method using the Comsol Multiphysics environment. The size of the finite elements is adaptive, the size of the element ranges from 0.2 mm to 3 mm. To simulate residual stresses, distributed loads with a gradient character were applied to the rail, selected so that at a given level of stress across the rail elements, the stress transition had a smooth character.

Condemned to victory. The novel Star Man by Aleksander Prokhanov

Alexander Prokhanov is one of the most significant figures in the patriotic-conservative circles in Russia. What makes him extraordinary is his versatility – he is a political activist, journalist, media personality and a writer. The idea of special historical destiny of Russia is a constant component of his political views which have a strong mystical background. The novel Star Man is a typical example of the literary expansion of his political concepts by referring to the poetics of myth.

Extended Multi WLS Method for Lossless Image Coding

In this paper, the most efficient (from data compaction point of view) and current image lossless coding method is presented. Being computationally complex, the algorithm is still more time efficient than its main competitors. The presented cascaded method is based on the Weighted Least Square (WLS) technique, with many improvements introduced, e.g., its main stage is followed by a two-step NLMS predictor ended with Context-Dependent Constant Component Removing. The prediction error is coded by a highly efficient binary context arithmetic coder. The performance of the new algorithm is compared to that of other coders for a set of widely used benchmark images.