scholarly journals Flora of the Trans-siberian railway and its correlation with the characteristics of natural biomes on the Eastern European plain

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Юлия Константиновна Виноградова ◽  
Валерий Константинович Тохтарь ◽  
Виктория Николаевна Зеленкова ◽  
Мария Андреевна Галкина ◽  
Андрей Юрьевич Курской ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
East European ◽  
Erigeron Canadensis ◽  
Railroad Embankment

Проведена инвентаризация чужеродных и аборигенных растений на участках Транссибирской магистрали, проходящих по территории Восточно-Европейской равнины. Изучены северная ветка (Киров - Кострома - Ярославль - Москва) и центральная ветка (Киров - Нижний Новгород - Владимир - Москва). Выявляли корреляцию между характеристиками естественных биомов и основными флористическими показателями. Исследовано 15 железнодорожных станций в 5 областях, расположенных в трех естественных биомах. На каждом участке закладывали площадки размером 100 м2 в трех различных экотопах: на железнодорожном полотне, на откосах и на подошве железнодорожной насыпи в начале полосы отчуждения (в основном, это были дренажные канавы), всего составлено 61 геоботаническое описание. Выявлено 265 видов сосудистых растений (28 древесных растений, 135 поликарпических трав и 102 вида монокарпических трав). Объем флоры участков Транссибирской магистрали положительно коррелирует с общим числом видов сосудистых растений, зарегистрированных в биоме: самое высокое число как древесных, так и травянистых видов, причем и на полотне железной дороги, и по откосам, отмечено на участках, проходящих через Смоленско-Приволжский широколиственно-хвойнолесной биом. По снижению числа зарегистрированных видов растений экотопы железной дороги располагаются в ряду: откосы железной дороги → полотно железной дороги → дренажные канавы. Согласно коэффициенту Съеренсена, наиболее высокое сходство наблюдается между флорой откосов (53%), ниже сходство локальных флор железнодорожного полотна (44%), и очень низкое (20%) сходство флор дренажных канав. Только 6 видов встречаются во всех трех биомах, причем все они являются чужеродными инвазионными видами, а 4 из них (Acer negundo, Amaranthus retroflexus, Erigeron canadensis, Epilobium adenocaulon) входят в ТОР-100 самых опасных инвазионных видов России. Транссибирская магистраль служит как реципиентом чужеродных видов, «сбегающих» на нее из населенных пунктов, так и основным вектором их дальнейшего расселения по транспортному коридору. Inventory of alien and native plants was carried out on the segments of the Trans-Siberian Railway, passing through the territory of the East European Plain. The Northern Branch of the Railway (Kirov - Kostroma - Yaroslavl - Moscow) and the Central Branch of the Railway (Kirov - Nizhny Novgorod - Vladimir - Moscow) were studied. We revealed a correlation between the characteristics of natural biomes and the main floristic indices. We studied 15 railway stations in five regions located in three natural biomes. At each site, we laid 100 m2 plots in three different ecotopes: on the railroad bed, on slopes and in the railroad embankment outsole (mainly infiltration ditch). A total of 61 geobotanical descriptions were compiled. 265 species of vascular plants were detected (28 woody plants, 135 polycarpical herbs and 102 species of monocarpical herbs). Plant’s number in the Trans-Siberian Railway positively correlates with the total number of vascular plant species recorded in the biomes: the highest number of both woody and herbaceous species, and both on the railroad bed and on the slopes, is noted in segments passing through the Smolensk-Privolzhsky biome. In terms of reducing the number of plant species, the ecotopes of the railway located in the following range: slopes of the railway → railroad bed → infiltration ditch. According to the Sørensen's similarity coefficient, the highest similarity is observed between the flora of slopes (53%), similarity of local flora of the railway bed is lower (44%), and very low (20%) similarity of flora is noted for infiltration ditch. Only 6 species are found in all three biomes, all of them being alien invasive species, and 4 of them (Acer negundo, Amaranthus retroflexus, Erigeron canadensis, Epilobium adenocaulon) are among the TOP-100 the most dangerous invasive species in Russia. The Trans-Siberian Railway serves both as a recipient of alien species "escaping" from settlements and as a main vector for their further dispersal along the transport corridor.

scholarly journals Alien plants in Western region, Saudi Arabia: أنواع النباتات الدخيلة في المنطقة الغربية بالمملكة العربية السعودية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
SAUD THAMER SAEED AL-HARTHI , ABDULLAH MANAHI AL-QAHTANI , B
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
World Species

    Urbanization in Saudi Arabia has led to the introduction of many exotic plant species as well as weeds, especially in the last few years that have never been seen before. The present study aims to identify the alien invasive species in the western region of Saudi Arabia, assessing the impacts of the invasive species on native plants as well as endemic plants and also the adverse effects of plants on the natural vegetation cover. Several field trips were made for plant collections and different categories of exotic plants were identified which include annual herbs and grasses, perennial herbs, sub shrubs, shrubs and trees. In the present study, 16 exotic plants were identified of which 14 belong to old world species and 2 belong to new world species (the plants from South America is the most representative of these species). These exotic species have caused a change in the composition of natural plant communities and have affected the diversity of native plants in natural habitats and protected areas. Examples of these plant species include: Argemone ochroleuca, Nicotiana glauca, Opuntia dillenii, Prosopis juliflora etc. Among these species P. juliflora, was found at low elevations such as valleys and farms while N. glauca and O. dillenii were observed at high elevations such as mountains.    

Classification of alder forests on sandy massifs in the Rostov region

2015 ◽  
pp. 108-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Character Species ◽  
East European ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
The North ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Don River ◽  
Data Book

The results of geobotanical survey of Alnus glu­ti­nosa arena forests at three sandy areas within the North of the Rostov and the West of the Volgograd regions of the Russian Federation are given. The territory is situated at the East European Plain where steppes are zonal type of vegetation. This territory is well developed agricultural region with highly transformed lands. Nevertheless, the fragments of natural vegetation support rather high floristic and phytocoenotic diversity and they contain a number of endemic species also (Fedyaeva, 2002). Small patches of alder forest stands generally occur in roundish and tape-like depressions on the second and third sandy terraces of the Don River. These woods were in a focus of interest of many scientists, e.g. G. M. Zozulin (1992) who studied these more than 30 years. But the special papers including the ecologo-floristic characteristic of natural arena alder forests were missing up to now. According to vegetation classification based on the Braun-Blanquet approach (Braun-Blanquet, 1964) the alder forests are referred to four formerly described associations of the alliances Alnion incanae and Alnion glutinosae: Aceri tatarici–Alnetum glutinosae, Urtico dioicae–Alnetum glutinosae, Ficario–Ulmetum minoris and Carici elongatae–Alnetum glutinosae. Proposed 4 subassociations and 10 variants reveal the syntaxonomical structure of these associations. The comparative analysis of syntaxa of the forests of the alliances Alnion incanae and Alnion glutinosae within the Rostov region, in the Russian Southern Nechernozemje, in Ukraine and the Central Europe was done. It is emphasized that the differentiation of the alder communities is complicated due to their intrazonal positions in a landscape. There are a very few character species at the association level. At the same time a lot of plant communities reflect the ecotone features between the meso-hygrophyte forests of the class Querco-Fagetea and the mire woods of the class Alnetea glutinosae. Therefore we had to apply both the classical and nonclassical syntaxonomical analysis (Mirkin et al., 2009). It is obvious that the alder forests syntaxonomy at the lowest level will be specified in the nearest future. There are noticeable differences in species composition of studied communities depen­ding on their position in landscape. For example, there are communities with a large amount of species of the class Querco-Fagetea occurring in the forest margins and on slopes. The role of species of the class Alnetea glutinosae increases on the gradient from the outskirts of wood massifs to their central parts in lowlands also. Species of the alliance Alnion incanae are widely presented in all communities. Although the described communities are small in size and rather rare on the territory studied they contain 27 vascular plant species included in the Red Data Book of the Rostov region (Krasnaya…, 2004). These woods considerably increase the biodiversity within the steppe zone as well. The organization of a number of nature reserves is necessary to protect the certain types of alder forests.

scholarly journals Levantamento e mapeamento da ocorrência, identificação de espécies e avaliação de ambientes infestados por plantas invasoras na ilha de São Luís, Maranhão (Survey and mapping of the occurrence, identification of species and evaluation of environments infested by invasive plants in the island of São Luís, Maranhão)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1484
Author(s):  
Claudio Urbano Bittencourt Pinheiro ◽  
Jairo Fernando Pereira Linhares
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Natural Habitats

Uma espécie exótica invasora é definida como uma planta estranha que se propaga naturalmente em habitats naturais ou seminaturais, produzindo mudanças na composição, estrutura ou nos processos dos ecossistemas. No Brasil, os registros da dimensão do problema são deficientes, embora várias espécies já sejam consagradas como invasoras. No Maranhão, não havia nenhum estudo sobre espécies vegetais invasoras, embora registros e observações indiquem invasões em variados ambientes. Na ilha de São Luís, a invasão de áreas por um número de espécies tem se tornado aparente, com muitos pontos das áreas dos municípios invadidos por espécies vegetais introduzidas. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal levantar, identificar, quantificar e mapear as espécies invasoras vegetais na ilha de São Luís. Foram localizadas e identificadas cinco espécies invasoras principais que vêm ocupando e modificando ambientes na ilha de São Luís. São elas: 1) Leucena - Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. (Fabaceae); 2) Amendoeira - Terminalia cattapa L. (Combretaceae); 3) Fios de Ouro - Cuscuta racemosa Mart. (Convolvulaceae); 4) Saco de Velho - Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton (Apocynaceae); 5) Acácia Australiana - Acacia mangium Willd. (Fabaceae). Estas cinco espécies invasoras foram localizadas e amostradas em 420 pontos nos quatro municípios da ilha. As áreas invadidas foram amostradas com relação às espécies invasoras e também em relação às espécies acompanhantes principais. Imagem aérea da ilha de São Luís foi utilizada para localizar as formações vegetais e produzir um mapa de distribuição das espécies invasoras na ilha de São Luís.   A B S T R A C TAn alien invasive species is defined as a strange plant that propagates naturally in natural or semi-natural habitats, producing changes in the composition, structure or processes of ecosystems. In Brazil, records of the scale of the problem are deficient, although several species are already known as invasive. In Maranhão there were no studies on invasive plant species, although records and observations indicate invasions in various environments. On the island of São Luís, invasion by a number of species has become apparent, with many areas of the municipalities invaded by introduced plant species. The main objective of this study was to identify, quantify and map the invasive plant species on the island of São Luís. Five main invasive species were located and identified that have been occupying and modifying environments on the island of São Luís: 1) Leucena - Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit. (Fabaceae); 2) Amendoeira - Terminalia cattapa L. (Combretaceae); 3) Fios de Ouro - Cuscuta racemosa Mart. (Convolvulaceae); 4) Saco de Velho - Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton (Apocynaceae); 5) Acacia Australiana - Acacia mangium Willd. (Fabaceae). These five invasive species were located and sampled at 420 sites in the four municipalities of the island. The invaded areas were sampled in relation to the invasive species and also in relation to the main accompanying species. An aerial image of the island of São Luís was used to locate plant formations and to produce a distribution map of the invasive species on the island of São Luís.Keywords: Invasive Species, Sampling, Mapping, São Luís, Maranhão

scholarly journals Characteristics of the flora of fallow lands on rendzina soils on the Twardowice Plateau (Silesian Upland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Babczyńska-Sendek ◽  
Agnieszka Błońska ◽  
Joanna Hejdysz
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Constant Component ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Meadow Species

The paper presents the results of investigations on the flora of fallow lands on rendzina soils. The research was carried out in the area of the Twardowice Plateau (the Silesian Upland) within 9 areas adjacent to xerothermic grasslands. The investigated flora consisted of 220 vascular plant species with the dominance of native taxa. Plants of xerothermic grasslands and thermophilous edges were the most numerous (32%). The dominance of <em>Libanotis pyrenaica </em>in 4 of the examined areas should be emphasized. The percentage of meadow species was also considerable (25%). Anthropophytes comprised 18% of the flora of fallow lands and archaeophytes prevailed among them (9%). <em>Solidago canadensis</em>, an invasive species, was the constant component of the investigated fallows and sometimes its coverage was remarkable. <br />As a result of the high proportion of xerothermic and thermophilous plants, plants associated with dry soils and soils having an intermediate character between dry and fresh, as well as plants preferring slightly acidic to alkaline soils poor in nitrogen compounds predominated in the investigated fallows. Perennial plants prevailed (65%) in the studied flora and slightly more than half of the species reproduced only by seeds. Competitive plant species (C strategists) had the highest proportion (39%) and species with intermediate strategies CSR, CR and CS were also numerous. <br />The investigations have shown that there are favourable conditions for settling and growth of many xerothermic species in the investigated fallow lands. Moreover, the neighbouring grasslands are the seed source for these areas.

scholarly journals Stationary Soil Steaming to Combat Invasive Plant Species for Soil Relocation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Zahra Bitarafan ◽  
Wiktoria Kaczmarek-Derda ◽  
Lars Olav Brandsæter ◽  
Inger Sundheim Fløistad
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Lupinus Polyphyllus ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Eradication of alien invasive species in the soil with steam as an alternative to chemical fumigation may allow contaminated soil to be reused. We have investigated steam disinfestation of soil to combat invasive plant species in three experiments including different temperatures and exposure durations using a stationary soil steaming prototype device. The experiments included effects on seed germination of Lupinus polyphyllus (LUPPO), Impatiens glandulifera (IPAGL), and Avena fatua (one population from Poland AVEFA(P) and one from Norway AVEFA(N)), as well as effects on sprouting rhizome fragments of Solidago canadensis (SOOCA) and Reynoutria x bohemica (REYBO). In the first experiment (i) we tested four different soil temperatures of 64, 75, 79 and 98°C with an exposure duration of 90 s. In the second and third experiments we tested exposure durations of (ii) 30, 90 and 180 s and (iii) 90, 180 and 540 s, respectively, at 98°C. Seed pre-treatment of 14 days cooling for LUPPO and IPAGL, no seed pre-treatment and 12 h moistening for AVEFA populations, and 5 and 10 cm cutting size for REYBO were applied. Our results showed germination/sprouting was inhibited at 75°C for I. glandulifera (for 90 s) and 98°C for the other species; however, longer exposure duration was needed for L. polyphyllus. While 30 s at 98°C was enough to kill A. fatua seeds and S. canadensis and R. x bohemica rhizome fragments, 180 s exposure duration was needed to kill L. polyphyllus seeds. The results showed promising control levels of invasive plant propagules in contaminated soil by steaming, supporting the steam treatment method as a potential way of soil disinfection to avoid dispersal of invasive species.

Differentiation of new coenomorph in context of the Belgard’s ecomorph system development

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
System Development ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, bioecological characteristics of species are the basis for flora and vegetation studying on the different levels. Bioecological characteristics of species is required in process of flora studying on the different levels such as biotopes or phytocenoses, floras of particular areas (floras of ecologically homogeneous habitats), and floras of certain territories. Ramensky scale is the one of first detailed ecological scales on plant species ordination in relation to various environmental factors; it developed in 1938 (Ramensky, 1971). A little later (1941), Pogrebnyak’s scale of forest stands was proposed. Ellenberg’s system developed in 1950 (Ellenberg, 1979) and Tsyganov’s system (Tsyganov, 1975) are best known as the systems of ecological scales on vascular plant species; these systems represent of habitat detection by ecotopic ecomorphs of plant species (phytoindication). Basically, the system proposed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard was the one of first system of plant species that identiified ectomorphs in relation to environmental factors. As early as 1950, Belgard developed the tabulated system of ecomorphs using the Latin ecomorphs abbreviation; he also used the terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), as well as terminology of other authors. The article analyzes the features of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs on vascular plants. It has certain significance and advantages over other systems of ecomorphs. The use of abbreviated Latin names of ecomorphs in tabular form enables the use shortened form of ones. In the working scheme of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs relation of species to environmental factors are represented in the abbreviated Latin alphabetic version (Belgard, 1950). Combined into table, the ecomorphic analysis of plant species within association (ecological certification of species), biotope or area site (water area) gives an explicit pattern on ecological structure of flora within surveyed community, biotope or landscape, and on environmental conditions. Development and application by Belgrard the cenomorphs as «species’ adaptation to phytocenosis as a whole» were completely new in the development of systems of ecomorphs and, in this connection, different coenomorphs were distinguished. Like any concept, the system of ecomorphs by Belgard has the possibility and necessity to be developed and added. Long-time researches and analysis of literature sources allow to propose a new coenomorph in the context of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs development: silvomargoant (species of forest margin, from the Latin words margo – edge, boundary (Dvoretsky, 1976), margo – margin, ad margins silvarum – along the deciduous forest margins). As an example of ecomorphic characterization of species according to the system of ecomorphs by Belgard (when the abbreviated Latin ecomorph names are used in tabular form and the proposed cenomorph is used), it was given the part of the table on vascular plants ecomorphs in the National Nature Park «Orelsky» (Baranovsky et al). The Belgard’s system of ecomorphs is particularly convenient and can be successfully applied to data processing in the ecological analysis of the flora on wide areas with significant species richness, and the proposed ecomorph will be another necessary element in the Belgard’s system of ecomorphs. 

Geographical features of forest vegetation reflected at the level of the lower-rank syntaxa (evidence from the Russian part of the Upper Dnieper basin)

2017 ◽  
pp. 94-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Semenishchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Central European ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
East European ◽  
Lower Rank ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
European Part Of Russia

Phytogeographical features of forest vegetation at the level of lower-rank syntaxa were being discussed in literature since the early 20th century (Cajander, 1903; Sukachev, 1926; Braun-Blanquet, 1964; Kral et al., 1975; Kleopov, 1990; Bulokhov, 2003; Ellenberg, 2009), however, phytocoenologists still have no uniform interpretation and geographical maintenance of lower classification units. Forest vegetation of the European part of Russia is well studied according to Braun-Blanquet approach with association as a system of geographical subassociations. The paper offers the approaches to the reflection of geographical variations of the natural forest vegetation in the basin of the Upper Dnieper (central part of the East European Plain) at the level of lower-rank syntaxa The xeromesophytic oak woods in the basin of the Upper Dnieper belong to the East European ass. Lathyro nigri–Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 2003. Floristic differentiation of this association from the similar Central European ass. Potentillo-Quercetum is given. These two associations have large blocks of geographically significant differential species that does not allow to consider them as a part of one association. The suggested approach allows to define the chorological content of units of lower syntaxonomical ranks and make regional classification schemes comparable to each other.

scholarly journals Eastern Europe’s “Transitional Industry”?: Deconstructing the Early Streletskian

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dinnis ◽  
A. Bessudnov ◽  
N. Reynolds ◽  
T. Devièse ◽  
A. Dudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Human ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
East European ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Layer V ◽  
Precise Relationship ◽  
Early Upper

AbstractThe Streletskian is central to understanding the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic on the East European Plain. Early Streletskian assemblages are frequently seen as marking the Neanderthal-anatomically modern human (AMH) anthropological transition, as well as the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic archaeological transition. The age of key Streletskian assemblages, however, remains unclear, and there are outstanding questions over how they relate to Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic facies. The three oldest Streletskian layers—Kostenki 1 Layer V, Kostenki 6 and Kostenki 12 Layer III—were excavated by A. N. Rogachev in the mid-20th century. Here, we re-examine these layers in light of problems noted during Rogachev’s campaigns and later excavations. Layer V in the northern part of Kostenki 1 is the most likely assemblage to be unmixed. A new radiocarbon date of 35,100 ± 500 BP (OxA- X-2717-21) for this assemblage agrees with Rogachev’s stratigraphic interpretation and contradicts later claims of a younger age. More ancient radiocarbon dates for Kostenki 1 Layer V are from areas lacking diagnostic Streletskian points. The Kostenki 6 assemblage’s stratigraphic context is extremely poor, but new radiocarbon dates are consistent with Rogachev’s view that the archaeological material was deposited prior to the CI tephra (i.e. >34.3 ka BP). Multiple lines of evidence indicate that Kostenki 12 Layer III contains material of different ages. Despite some uncertainty over the precise relationship between the dated sample and diagnostic lithic material, Kostenki 1 Layer V (North) therefore currently provides the best age estimate for an early Streletskian context. This age is younger than fully Upper Palaeolithic assemblages elsewhere at Kostenki. Other “Streletskian” assemblages and Streletskian points from younger contexts at Kostenki are briefly reviewed, with possible explanations for their chronostratigraphic distribution considered. We caution that the cultural taxon Streletskian should not be applied to assemblages based simply on the presence of bifacially worked artefacts.

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