Micromorphology and Anatomy of the Flowers in Clivia spp. and Scadoxus multiflorus (Haemantheae, Amaryllidaceae)

Abstract The general morphology, micromorphology, and anatomy of the flowers of Clivia miniata , Clivia nobilis , and Scadoxus multiflorus were studied using light microscopy. The studied species have large syntepalous and trimerous flowers, short floral tubes with adnate stamens, and inferior ovaries that develop baccate fruit. The gynoecium in the studied species consists of synascidiate, symplicate, and hemisymplicate zones. The style is composed of postgenitally fused carpels. The few ovules are located in a locule in the synascidiate and symplicate zones in C. miniata and C. nobilis , whereas in S. multiflorus , solitary ovules occupy the synascidiate zone in each locule. The septal nectaries are located in the hemisymplicate zone and occupy the uppermost 29% to 56% of the ovary height. Septal nectaries are of the nonlabyrinthine lilioid-type, covered with secretory tissue only in its lower portion. Nectary channels are apical or subapical and open near the style base. A common pattern of the venation of the floral parts was observed in all species: Tepal traces and stamen traces were fused in the ovary wall, the style was supplied by dorsal carpellary bundles, and ovules were supplied by ventral carpellary bundles entering the ovary from the bottom. The observed gynoecium inner structure provides adaptations for the development of fleshy fruit, with thickened parenchymous ovary wall, ovary base, and ovary roof, and numerous branched vascular bundles in the ovary wall around locules.

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Morpho-Anatomy of the Gynoecium and Fruit in Three Ornamental Members of Campanuloideae (Campanulaceae)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.7415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

Author(s):

Roksolana Andreychuk ◽

Anastasiya Odintsova

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Ovary Wall ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Fruit Wall ◽

Fruit Dehiscence ◽

First Time ◽

Structural Adaptations ◽

Micromorphology And Anatomy ◽

Cultivated Flora

Abstract Gynoecium and fruit micromorphology and anatomy were studied using light microscopy in three species of Campanuloideae belonging to the tribes Cyanantheae ( Platycodon grandiflorus ), Wahlenbergieae ( Jasione montana ), and Campanuleae ( Adenophora liliifolia ) of the native and cultivated flora of Ukraine, to elucidate structural adaptations for fruit dehiscence. The studied species differed in flower/fruit orientation, carpel number, ovary insertion, and capsule-opening position, and the information provided a background for the discovery of common anatomical features influencing fruit dehiscence. In the studied species, the synascidiate and symplicate zones in the ovary and prominent placentae were found to be located near the mid-region of the ovary. The distinct innervation of the ovary wall and ovules was described. In P. grandiflorus , the septa and fruit wall contained a lignified parenchyma in a subepidermal position, while in J. montana and A. liliifolia , lignification was observed only in proximal portions of the septa, above the placenta ( J. montana ), or was noted as a narrow strand from the ovary base to the mid-region, called “axicorn” ( A. liliifolia ). In all the studied species, unlignified endocarpium was detected. The semi-inferior capsule of P. grandiflorus has been defined as a capsule of the Forsythia -type, with a sclerenchymatous layer in the inner zone of the mesocarpium. In J. montana and A. liliifolia , a new histogenetic type of capsule is described as Campanula -type, without lignified layers in the fruit wall and with lignified tissue in the septa, which enabled dehiscence. Our study proposed for the first time the classification of the capsules found in the studied species based on the development of openings in the superior or inferior regions of the fruits. The upright fruits of P. grandiflorus and J. montana reveal incomplete dorsiventral dehiscence in the superior region of the fruit, while dehiscence of pendent fruits of A. liliifolia is hippocrepiform-septifragal interlocular and occurs in the inferior region of the fruit at its base, as revealed previously in Campanula latifolia fruit.

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The flower morphology in three Convallariaceae species with various attractive traits

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1705 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anastasia Odintsova ◽

Oksana Fishchuk

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Flower Morphology ◽

Common Pattern ◽

Secretory Structures ◽

General Morphology ◽

Septal Nectary ◽

Convallaria Majalis ◽

Pollination Mode ◽

Pollen Flowers ◽

First Time

The general morphology and micromorphology of the flower in Polygonatum multiflorum, Maianthemum bifolium, and Convallaria majalis were studied using light microscopy methods. Among the studied species, P. multiflorum and C. majalis have syntepalous and trimerous flowers, and in M. bifolium flowers are the most reduced: they are dimerous, pentacyclic, and with free tepals. Only in P. multiflorum stamens are considerably adnate to the floral tube. The gynoecium of P. multiflorum consists of synascidiate, hemisymplicate, and asymplicate zones. In the gynoecium of M. bifolium and C. majalis, synascidiate, symplicate, and asymplicate vertical zones were revealed. In P. multiflorum and M. bifolium, the style is composed of postgenitally connated carpels, while in C. majalis the style is formed by congenitally fused carpels (symplicate gynoecium zone). A common pattern of the venation of the floral parts was revealed in all the species.The external flower morphology and the gynoecium inner structure are different in all three species, providing adaptations for the pollination mode. Attractive elements observed in the flower of P. multiflorum are the long septal nectary in the ovary and epidermal trichomes on the inner perigonium surface and on the filaments. In M. bifolium, a rudimentary external septal nectary was observed for the first time. No nectaries or other morphologically distinct secretory structures were found in the C. majalis flower, allowing considering the C. majalis flowers as pollen flowers.

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Fruit development in eucalypts (Myrtaceae: Eucalypteae)

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb10021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 421 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ann Bohte ◽

Andrew N. Drinnan

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Oil Glands ◽

Developmental Anatomy ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Additional Cell ◽

Fruit Stage

Developmental anatomy of eucalypt flower buds from flower to mature fruits was investigated using light microscopy. Several important features contribute to the maturity of flower and fruit. The epidermis of the flower in many species is replaced by periderm in the fruit. Brachysclereid idioblasts develop in the parenchymatous zone beneath the epidermis; fibres develop from cambium-like activity in the vascular bundles located in the mid-region of the ovary wall; and cells adjacent to the locule lining mature as transversely oriented filiform sclereids. The initiation of these features in relation to anthesis varies among taxa, and this influences flower and fruit anatomy and morphology. In taxa where sclereids and fibres are initiated following anthesis, there is substantial post-anthesis growth and fruits are larger than flowers. When these features are developed before anthesis, the flowers are essentially pre-fruits that exhibit little or no further growth in the fruit stage apart from additional cell-wall lignification. Several other anatomical features, such as oil ducts and the distribution of oil glands and crystal layers, are not developmentally variable, but are phylogenetically informative within the eucalypt group.

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Berry pericarp ontogenesis from fertilization to maturity of Vitis vinifera L. var Merlot

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.1997.31.3.1080 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monique Fougère-Rifot ◽

H.-S. Park ◽

Jacques Bouard

Keyword(s):

Cell Number ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Ovary Wall ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Berry Skin ◽

Wall Thinning ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Parenchyma Cells ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

The One

Grape-flower ovary transformations is followed from fertilized flower to berry came to maturity. Cell transformations are studied, especially vacuolar tannins, starch and cell wall thinning :- From fruit setting to veraison, cell number of carpellary wall located between outer epidennis and vascular bundles is multiplied by 2.- Cell size increase considerably but by different means according to tissues: hypodennis cells elongate tangentially while inner parenchyma cells round.- Vacuolar tannins content in internal parenchyma cells decrease as soon as ovary is fertilized. During growth and veraison tannic cell number decrease. At maturity, only the most external cells (superficial hypodennis) still have vacuolar tannins. All the other cells of ovary wall have no more tannins.- Wall thickness decrease begins as soon as growth starts and this phenomena is continuous to maturity. The wall thinning down begins near the locules of ovary and is propagated towards the ouside of pericarp.- Amyloplasts disappear progressively. At maturity, there is scarcely no more startch in grape-berry.In short, except cells of berry skin, all the cells of ovary wall enlarge, lost their vacuolar tannins and the cell walls become very thin ; they are pulp cells.ln the pericarp of mature berry, hypodennis is very thin (less than 50 μm in places and 2-5 layers of cells). Pulp or flesh takes up a great place.This work is consecutived to the one on ovary before fertilization (FOUGÈRE-RIFOT et al., 1995) that shown 20 development stages from ovary primordia to the fertilized egg. From fertilized ovary to mature berry the development of pericarp is divided into 5 stages (stages 21 to 25) :- Stage 21 : first appearance of ovary inflation. Ovary takes a round shape. The thickness of carpellary wall is about 300 μm.- Stage 22 : fruit setting. Vacuolar tannins of inner parenchym disappear.- Stage 23 : berry growth.- Stage 23A : transformation of inner parenchym into pulp.- Stage 238 : transformation of deep hypodennis into pulp- Stage 23C : pulp cell enlargement.- Stage 24 : veraison. The definitive size of the berry is about reached.- Stage 24A : beginning of veraison. The hypodermis has still some thick walls.- Stage 248 : end of veraison. The hypodennis cells near the outer pulp cells change into pulp cells- Stage 25: maturity. Pulp is became very developped.

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Comparative Floral Morphology and Anatomy of Gagea s. str. and Lloydia

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.7412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

Author(s):

Andriy Novikov

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Vertical Structure ◽

Floral Morphology ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Correct Interpretation ◽

Type C ◽

Vertical Zonality

Abstract Flowers of the five species from the four sections of the genus Gagea (that is, G. lutea , G. pusilla , G. reticulata , G. fragifera , and G. serotina (syn. Lloydia serotina ) were investigated by light microscopy. All investigated species had similar flower organization, vertical zonality of the gynoecium, and floral vascularization. In all species, the flowers were trimerous, with the superior ovary and short complete or semicomplete syntepalous zone at the base. The presence of the syntepalous zone allows consideration of such flowers as an intermediate between hypogynous and perigynous. All investigated species had nectaries at the base of the tepals. However, in Gagea s. str., they were represented by relatively small nectariferous areas of the tepals located at the beginning of the synascidiate zone of the gynoecium. In contrast, the nectaries in G. serotina were represented by elongated tepalar outgrowths located higher, at the level of the fertile symplicate zone of the gynoecium. Considering reports on the potential peltate origin of the nectaries in G. serotina , it is probably incorrect to interpret them as homologous to the nectaries in Gagea s. str. The gynoecium in the studied species demonstrated identical vertical zonality with synascidiate, symplicate, and asymptomatic zones, and corresponded to type C of the syncarpous gynoecium. At the base of the ovary, three carpels were congenitally isolated (primary synascidiate zone); however, they were isolated only postgenitally (secondary synascidiate zone). This secondary synascidiate zone originated from a symplicate zone due to the fusion of the carpelar margins. Although it looks like a synascidiate zone, for correct interpretation of the gynoecium’s vertical structure, it should be considered symplicate. The vascularization of the flower in all investigated species was similar, with the participation of lateral vascular bundles in the supply of placentas.

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The structure of the spur nectary in Dendrobium finisterrae Schltr. (Dendrobiinae, Orchidaceae)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Magdalena Kamińska ◽

Małgorzata Stpiczyńska

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Single Layer ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Nectar Guides ◽

Floral Nectary ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Secretory Tissue ◽

The One

To date, the structure of the nectary spur of Dendrobium finisterrae has not been studied in detail, and the present paper compares the structural organization of the floral nectary in this species with the spurs of other taxa. The nectary spur of D. finisterrae was examined by means of light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is composed of a single layer of secretory epidermis and several layers of small and compactly arranged subepidermal secretory cells. The secretory cells have thick cellulosic cell walls with primary pits. The secretory tissue is supplied by vascular bundles that run beneath in ground parenchyma and are additionally surrounded by strands of sclerenchymatous fibers. The flowers of the investigated species displayed morphological features characteristic of bee-pollinated taxa, as they are zygomorphic, creamy-green coloured with evident nectar guides. They also emit a weak but nice scent. However, they possess some characters attributed to bird-pollinated flowers such as a short, massive nectary spur and collenchymatous secretory tissue that closely resembles the one found in the nectaries of certain species that are thought to be bird-pollinated. This similarity in anatomical organization of the nectary, regardless of geographical distribution and phylogeny, strongly indicates convergence and appears to be related to pollinator-driven selection.

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Notizen: Oxidized p-Phenylenediamine Staining of Epoxy Resin Sections

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1984-7-824 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 39 (7-8) ◽

pp. 835-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. C. Stockert ◽

R. Armas-Portela ◽

O. D. Colman ◽

J. M. Ferrer ◽

A. Tato

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Gold Chloride ◽

Animal Tissues ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Chloride Solutions ◽

General Morphology

Abstract Semithin and thin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed, epoxy resin-embedded animal tissues were treated with solutions of oxidized p-phenylenediamine (PPD). This method is suitable to reveal the general morphology of tissues in light microscopy, showing a high staining degree in some polyanion containing components. Posttreatments of thin sections with gold chloride solutions give consider able electron opacity in PPD positive structures.

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Comparative midrib anatomy of Monodora Dunal. and Isolona Engl. (Annonaceae) from West-central Africa

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy ◽

10.3329/bjpt.v27i2.50669 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 283-291

Author(s):

Sunday Adebunmi Adeniran ◽

Akeem Babalola Kadiri ◽

James Dele Olowokudejo

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Vascular Bundle ◽

Central Africa ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

West Central ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Plant Taxon

This article assessed midrib anatomical description of Isolona Dunal. And Monodora Engl. (Annonaceae) from West-Central Africa. Twelve species of tribe Monodoreae were investigated on the basis of micromorphology of midrib characters with the aid of light microscopy. The study provided important taxonomic characters which aid delineation of inter and infrageneric species within the duo genera. The generic features include centrally positioned, open collateral vascular bundle and furrow shaped midribs which are diagnostic to the genera.U shaped vascular bundles are present in most of the species with inviginating or expanded endings while marginal traces vary from 2 to 4. The presence of keel protrusion at abaxial surface established a closer affinity among M. angolensis, M. crispata, and M undulata with additional features species were delimited. Other variable useful features of midrib encountered are trichomes, parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, and adaxial and abaxial shape. The midrib characters have been used to prepare an indented dichotomous key to delimit the species in the genera studied. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 283-291, 2020 (December)

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Comparative anatomical studies on some species of Hyoscyamus L. (Solanaceae) growing in Turkey

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22721 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Fatiih Satil ◽

Mustafa Aslant ◽

Eyüp Erdogan ◽

Ridvan Polat ◽

Selami Selvi

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Anatomical Studies

A comparative study based on leaf and stem anatomical structure was made using light microscopy (LM) techniques on five species of Hyoscyamus L. (Solanaceae) in Turkey. Some characters are found important to distinguish the species within the genera. The investigated species can be divided as mesophyll type: bifacial (H. niger L., H. albus L. ) and equifacial (H. aureus L., H. pusillus L., H. reticulatus L.). Druse crystals are recorded only in mesophyll of H. albus. Stomata present on both surfaces, are anisocytic (usually) and anomocytic types. H. reticulatus can be distinguished from other species considering types of trichomes in the stem. Vascular bundles are bicollateral types. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22721 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 37-43, 2015 (March)

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Morphological analysis of the seeds of three pseudocereals by using light microscopy and ESEM-EDS

European Journal of Histochemistry ◽

10.4081/ejh.2020.3075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paolino Ninfali ◽

Anna Panato ◽

Federica Bortolotti ◽

Laura Valentini ◽

Pietro Gobbi

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Fluorescent Microscopy ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Processing Technologies ◽

Structural Resistance

The seed morphology of three Pseudocereal Grains (PSCg), i.e. quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd, Chenopodiaceae), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthaceae) was studied by light microscopy (LM) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (ESEM-EDS). LM was used with visible light to evaluate either unstained sections or sections stained with Azan mixture and with fluorescent light. The aim of the study was to compare the architecture of the three seeds in order to connect their morphology with nutrient localization. The Azan staining allowed for the visualization of the seed coat, the embryo - with its shoot apical meristem - and the radicle cell layers, whereas the use of fluorescent microscopy identified the cells rich in phenolic compounds. Finally, the ESEM-EDS analysis revealed that the seed coat of the quinoa was thinner than that of amaranth or buckwheat. In all PSCg, starch granules appeared to be located in large polygonal cells, surrounded by a thin cell wall. Several globoids of proteins were observed in the embryo cells. In the radicle section, the vascular bundles of the procambium were evident, while Amaranth only showed a consistent layer of calcium crystals, located between the embryo and the perysperm. The morphological differences of the three PSCg were discussed in the context of their structural resistance to processing technologies which impact on nutritional value of derived foods.

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