scholarly journals Comparative Floral Morphology and Anatomy of Gagea s. str. and Lloydia

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Type C ◽  
Vertical Zonality

Abstract Flowers of the five species from the four sections of the genus Gagea (that is, G. lutea , G. pusilla , G. reticulata , G. fragifera , and G. serotina (syn. Lloydia serotina ) were investigated by light microscopy. All investigated species had similar flower organization, vertical zonality of the gynoecium, and floral vascularization. In all species, the flowers were trimerous, with the superior ovary and short complete or semicomplete syntepalous zone at the base. The presence of the syntepalous zone allows consideration of such flowers as an intermediate between hypogynous and perigynous. All investigated species had nectaries at the base of the tepals. However, in Gagea s. str., they were represented by relatively small nectariferous areas of the tepals located at the beginning of the synascidiate zone of the gynoecium. In contrast, the nectaries in G. serotina were represented by elongated tepalar outgrowths located higher, at the level of the fertile symplicate zone of the gynoecium. Considering reports on the potential peltate origin of the nectaries in G. serotina , it is probably incorrect to interpret them as homologous to the nectaries in Gagea s. str. The gynoecium in the studied species demonstrated identical vertical zonality with synascidiate, symplicate, and asymptomatic zones, and corresponded to type C of the syncarpous gynoecium. At the base of the ovary, three carpels were congenitally isolated (primary synascidiate zone); however, they were isolated only postgenitally (secondary synascidiate zone). This secondary synascidiate zone originated from a symplicate zone due to the fusion of the carpelar margins. Although it looks like a synascidiate zone, for correct interpretation of the gynoecium’s vertical structure, it should be considered symplicate. The vascularization of the flower in all investigated species was similar, with the participation of lateral vascular bundles in the supply of placentas.

Fruit development in eucalypts (Myrtaceae: Eucalypteae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Bohte ◽  
Andrew N. Drinnan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
Fruit Stage

Developmental anatomy of eucalypt flower buds from flower to mature fruits was investigated using light microscopy. Several important features contribute to the maturity of flower and fruit. The epidermis of the flower in many species is replaced by periderm in the fruit. Brachysclereid idioblasts develop in the parenchymatous zone beneath the epidermis; fibres develop from cambium-like activity in the vascular bundles located in the mid-region of the ovary wall; and cells adjacent to the locule lining mature as transversely oriented filiform sclereids. The initiation of these features in relation to anthesis varies among taxa, and this influences flower and fruit anatomy and morphology. In taxa where sclereids and fibres are initiated following anthesis, there is substantial post-anthesis growth and fruits are larger than flowers. When these features are developed before anthesis, the flowers are essentially pre-fruits that exhibit little or no further growth in the fruit stage apart from additional cell-wall lignification. Several other anatomical features, such as oil ducts and the distribution of oil glands and crystal layers, are not developmentally variable, but are phylogenetically informative within the eucalypt group.

Comparative midrib anatomy of Monodora Dunal. and Isolona Engl. (Annonaceae) from West-central Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Sunday Adebunmi Adeniran ◽  
Akeem Babalola Kadiri ◽  
James Dele Olowokudejo
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
West Central ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Plant Taxon

This article assessed midrib anatomical description of Isolona Dunal. And Monodora Engl. (Annonaceae) from West-Central Africa. Twelve species of tribe Monodoreae were investigated on the basis of micromorphology of midrib characters with the aid of light microscopy. The study provided important taxonomic characters which aid delineation of inter and infrageneric species within the duo genera. The generic features include centrally positioned, open collateral vascular bundle and furrow shaped midribs which are diagnostic to the genera.U shaped vascular bundles are present in most of the species with inviginating or expanded endings while marginal traces vary from 2 to 4. The presence of keel protrusion at abaxial surface established a closer affinity among M. angolensis, M. crispata, and M undulata with additional features species were delimited. Other variable useful features of midrib encountered are trichomes, parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, and adaxial and abaxial shape. The midrib characters have been used to prepare an indented dichotomous key to delimit the species in the genera studied. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 283-291, 2020 (December)

scholarly journals Comparative anatomical studies on some species of Hyoscyamus L. (Solanaceae) growing in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Fatiih Satil ◽  
Mustafa Aslant ◽  
Eyüp Erdogan ◽  
Ridvan Polat ◽  
Selami Selvi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Studies

A comparative study based on leaf and stem anatomical structure was made using light microscopy (LM) techniques on five species of Hyoscyamus L. (Solanaceae) in Turkey. Some characters are found important to distinguish the species within the genera. The investigated species can be divided as mesophyll type: bifacial (H. niger L., H. albus L. ) and equifacial (H. aureus L., H. pusillus L., H. reticulatus L.). Druse crystals are recorded only in mesophyll of H. albus. Stomata present on both surfaces, are anisocytic (usually) and anomocytic types. H. reticulatus can be distinguished from other species considering types of trichomes in the stem. Vascular bundles are bicollateral types. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22721 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 37-43, 2015 (March)

scholarly journals Morphological analysis of the seeds of three pseudocereals by using light microscopy and ESEM-EDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolino Ninfali ◽  
Anna Panato ◽  
Federica Bortolotti ◽  
Laura Valentini ◽  
Pietro Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Structural Resistance

The seed morphology of three Pseudocereal Grains (PSCg), i.e. quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd, Chenopodiaceae), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthaceae) was studied by light microscopy (LM) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (ESEM-EDS). LM was used with visible light to evaluate either unstained sections or sections stained with Azan mixture and with fluorescent light. The aim of the study was to compare the architecture of the three seeds in order to connect their morphology with nutrient localization. The Azan staining allowed for the visualization of the seed coat, the embryo - with its shoot apical meristem - and the radicle cell layers, whereas the use of fluorescent microscopy identified the cells rich in phenolic compounds. Finally, the ESEM-EDS analysis revealed that the seed coat of the quinoa was thinner than that of amaranth or buckwheat. In all PSCg, starch granules appeared to be located in large polygonal cells, surrounded by a thin cell wall. Several globoids of proteins were observed in the embryo cells. In the radicle section, the vascular bundles of the procambium were evident, while Amaranth only showed a consistent layer of calcium crystals, located between the embryo and the perysperm. The morphological differences of the three PSCg were discussed in the context of their structural resistance to processing technologies which impact on nutritional value of derived foods.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and Anatomy of the Flowers in Clivia spp. and Scadoxus multiflorus (Haemantheae, Amaryllidaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Fishchuk ◽  
Anastasiya Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Lower Portion ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Secretory Tissue ◽  
Clivia Miniata ◽  
Micromorphology And Anatomy

Abstract The general morphology, micromorphology, and anatomy of the flowers of Clivia miniata , Clivia nobilis , and Scadoxus multiflorus were studied using light microscopy. The studied species have large syntepalous and trimerous flowers, short floral tubes with adnate stamens, and inferior ovaries that develop baccate fruit. The gynoecium in the studied species consists of synascidiate, symplicate, and hemisymplicate zones. The style is composed of postgenitally fused carpels. The few ovules are located in a locule in the synascidiate and symplicate zones in C. miniata and C. nobilis , whereas in S. multiflorus , solitary ovules occupy the synascidiate zone in each locule. The septal nectaries are located in the hemisymplicate zone and occupy the uppermost 29% to 56% of the ovary height. Septal nectaries are of the nonlabyrinthine lilioid-type, covered with secretory tissue only in its lower portion. Nectary channels are apical or subapical and open near the style base. A common pattern of the venation of the floral parts was observed in all species: Tepal traces and stamen traces were fused in the ovary wall, the style was supplied by dorsal carpellary bundles, and ovules were supplied by ventral carpellary bundles entering the ovary from the bottom. The observed gynoecium inner structure provides adaptations for the development of fleshy fruit, with thickened parenchymous ovary wall, ovary base, and ovary roof, and numerous branched vascular bundles in the ovary wall around locules.

Cytodifferentiation during the development of friable embryogenic callus of maize (Zea mays)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Fransz ◽  
J. H. N. Schel
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Embryogenic Cells ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
Vascular Elements

Immature embryos of Zea mays L. were cultured on N6 medium to obtain embryogenie callus. Cultured tissue fragments with various developmental stages of friable callus were sampled and prepared for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Pieces of compact callus were also prepared for light microscopy to compare the structural organization of both callus types. Friable callus develops from a thin layer of abaxial scutellum cells, including the epidermis. During further development the callus cells dissociate, owing to the breakdown of the middle lamellae, while older vacuolated cells degenerate. This results into long cell aggregates separated by large intercellular spaces, giving the callus its friable appearance. The microscopical sections showed a striking difference between friable and compact callus. Vascular elements were not found in the friable callus. On the contrary, vascular bundles were prominent in compact callus. Friable callus is therefore correlated with a less differentiated state than compact callus. The embryogenic potential of friable callus is situated in embryogenic units. These are aggregates of small isodiametric cells containing a central nucleus, an electron-dense cytoplasm, and many organelles. Proliferation was only observed in these cells, which are therefore presumed to generate new embryogenic units, somatic embryos, and vacuolated callus cells. The results further indicate that discrete masses of embryogenic cells, possibly early embryoids, have a unicellular origin. Key words: in vitro culture, callus, somatic embryogenesis, ultrastructure, Zea mays.

Fruit structure of Hippophae rhamnoides cv. Indian Summer (sea buckthorn)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Harrison ◽  
T Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Fruit Structure

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) (Elaeagnaceae) has become of interest as a crop because of the nutritive qualities of its fruit. In this study, structural features of the fruit of H. rhamnoides ssp. cv. Indian Summer were examined by light microscopy. Additional information was obtained for branches, racemes, pedicels, female flowers, and seeds. Each fruit contains an embryo encased in a seed coat that is surrounded by a thin seed sac or pericarp with a persistent style, all of which is enclosed in the hypanthium. The hypanthium, which forms the fleshy portion of the fruit, contains vascular bundles, storage tissues, an endodermis, and an epidermis. The epidermis contains many trichomes and is confluent with the exterior of the pedicel. The calyx of the fruit is slightly open, and trichomes are present in the calyx opening, in the seed cavity, and on the tail of the seed sac. Harvest by removing the pedicel from the fruit rips the epidermis, which exposes fruit flesh and results in loss of juice from the fruit. Information on fruit structure is relevant to methods of harvesting.Key words: Hippophae, Elaeagnaceae, rhamnoides, mongolica Rousi, seed, microscopy.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). V. Merxmuellera macowanii, M. davyi and M. aureocephala

Bothalia ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 493-500
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
South African ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
The South ◽  
Species Groups

Transverse sections and abaxial epidermal scrapes, of herbarium and freshly fixed leaf blade material, of Merxmuellera macowanii (Stapf) Conert, M. davyi (C. E. Hubb.) Conert and M. aureocephala (J. G. Anders.) Conert, were examined using light microscopy. The leaf anatomy o f these three species is very similar in all respects with the exception o f certain  M. aureocephala specimens. In addition, the anatomy indicates a relationship between these three species and M. disticha (Nees) Conert. This group of species differs anatomically from M. stricta (Schrad.) Nees, and related species such as  M. drakensbergensis (Schweick.) Conert and  M. stereophylla (J. G. Anders.) Conert, in the sequence of vascular bundles along the width of the leaf blade and associated characters. However, the M. aureocephala specimens, not having the  M. disticha type of vascular bundle arrangement, anatomically resemble the M. stricta group of species, and M. aureocephala appears to be intermediate between these two species groups.resemble the M. stricta group of species, and M. aureocephala appears to be intermediate between these two species groups.

STUDIES IN THE FLORAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE MARANTACEAE: I. VASCULAR ANATOMY OF THE FLOWER OF SCHUMANNIANTHUS VIRGATUS ROLFE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LABELLUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1365-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Tilak ◽  
R. M. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Inferior Ovary ◽  
Anatomical Evidence ◽  
Floral Whorls

The floral anatomy of Schumannianthus virgatus Rolfe is described in detail. Anatomical observations indicate fusion of vascular bundles of various floral whorls commensurate with their adnation, and, in that sense, the inferior ovary is considered to be appendicular in nature. Anatomical evidence demonstrates reduction in part of the labellum and of the functional stamen. The anther is one-celled. The labellum is shown to be a unitary organ representing an anterolateral member of the inner androecial whorl.

Floral morphology of the Amaryllidaceae. I. Subfamily Amaryllidioideae

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1555-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Vascular Strand ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Inferior Ovary ◽  
Three Bundles ◽  
Perianth Tube ◽  
Peculiar Mode

The flowers of the subfamily Amaryllidioideae are similar to one another in that they are fragrant, showy, bisexual, and epigynous with two trimerous whorls of perianth and stamens each, and a compound gynoecium. A single vascular strand supplies the vascular system of both a perianth member and a stamen. It splits into three bundles, one median and two laterals. The former constitutes the vascular supply of a perianth member, while the latter, facing one another right and left, fuse to supply a stamen. This peculiar mode of branching of the vascular strand is considered to be associated with superposition of a stamen upon a perianth member. The corona of Narcissus which is supplied by inversely oriented vascular bundles, is regarded as an outgrowth from the perianth tube and those of Eucharis and Pancratium, which are non-vascular, to represent the stamen cup. Two series of vascular strands differentiate in all members investigated. While the inner series constitutes the placental supply, the strands of the outer series which vary in number in different genera, show various degrees of adnation among the traces occurring on the same radius. The nature of the inferior ovary has been discussed. The nectaries are considered to be of quite advanced type.

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