Microscopic fungi on Schoenoplectus lacustris in Płociczno and Płociowe lakes in Drawa National Park (northwest Poland)

In the period 2009–2011, the micromycetes causing symptoms on the leaves of Schoenoplectus lacustris (SL) from Płociczno and Płociowe lakes in Drawa National Park (DNP) were investigated. A total of 39 taxa of microscopic fungi and chromistan fungi were found. The taxonomic structure of the mycobiota was dominated by anamorphs of Ascomycota. In each year of the study, the SL fungal species richness was higher in Płociowe Lake than in Płociczno Lake. In all the years of study in both lakes, the fungal community on SL was composed of the following six dominant species: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium incarnatum, F. sacchari, Gibberella avenacea, and Pleospora scirpicola. The species occurring exclusively in Płociczno Lake were Papulaspora immersa, Puccinia scirpi, and Trichothecium roseum, and those found only in Płociowe Lake were Acremoniella atra, Alternaria atra, Aspergillus niger, A. versicolor, Fusarium oxysporum, Gonatobotrys simplex, Massariosphaeria scirpina, Microascus brevicaulis, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Stagonospora aquatica. Only one confirmation of the occurrence of Puccinia scirpi and the lack of other specialized obligate parasites indicate the good health of SL in DNP. The facultative parasites, inter alia, Boeremia exigua, Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium culmorum, F. incarnatum, F. sacchari, Gibberella avenacea, and Stagonospora aquatica that are present on plants as part of the natural process of apoptosis may influence the health of SL.

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Taxonomic analysis of soil phytopathogenic mycocomplexes of different varieties of faba beans in the Central Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20214001006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 01006

Author(s):

Yulia Kurkina ◽

Ngo T. Z. Kieu Isabelle

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Control Soil ◽

Microscopic Fungi ◽

Dominance Index ◽

Cladosporium Herbarum ◽

Taxonomic Analysis ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Faba Beans ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Species Composition And Structure

The species composition and structure of soil complexes of micromycetes under faba beans were studied. The indices of the frequency of occurrence and abundance of microscopic fungi species in soils under ten varieties of faba beans were analyzed in comparison with the control soil (pure fallow). The control revealed 20 species of micromycetes from 10 genera. The species from 16 genera were identified under the varieties of beans in the soils. Most micromycetes belong to the Ascomycota division (classes Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes). In the soil of faba beans, the number of micromycete propagules is significantly higher (30.6 ± 2.5 thousand CFU / g soil) than in the control (12.5 ± 2.3 thousand CFU / g). The biodiversity of micromycete complexes in the control soil was maximal (Pielu index 0.75). An increase in the dominance index under the studied varieties of beans (Simpson’s index 0.09-0.24) was noted in comparison with the control soil, with a dominance index of 0.07. Phytopathogenic species of micromycetes were found: fungi Ascochyta fabaе, Alternaria tenuissima, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, and Ulocladium botrytis.

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The microscopic fungi of orchid species in the Őrség National Park

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/15/3/830 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

Author(s):

L. Jandrasits ◽

G. Fischl

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

National Park ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Detailed Account ◽

Pathogenic Species ◽

Microscopic Fungi ◽

Orchid Species ◽

Precautionary Measures ◽

Epipactis Helleborine

The wild orchids growing in Hungary are some of the most decorative and interesting members of the country's flora. The majority of species are rarely spotted, and some are only found in very few habitats, though others are quite common .All the species known in Hungary are protected, and 1 1 species are strictly protected. Itis thus important to monitor the health status of these plants, to determine what diseases affect them, what pathogens are found on them and how severely they are infected, and to take the necessary precautionary measures. Eleven of the 14 orchid species occurring in the 6rseg National Park were included in the study and the presence of microscopic fungi was detected on eight of these. Pathogenic species were found on lesser butterfly orchid (Platanthera bifolia), green-winged orchid (Orchis morio), burnt orchid (Orchis ustulara), sword-leaved helleborine (Cephalanthera longifolia), common twayblade (Listera ovata), autumn lady's-tresses (Spiranthes spiralis), western marsh orchid (Dacrylorhiza majalis) and broad-leaved helleborine (Epipactis helleborine). A detailed account is given of the symptoms of major diseases and of the microscopic traits of the pathogens. An attempt was made to determine to what extent the pathogenic fungal species found on protected orchid species influence the lives of these plants. Current knowledge on this subject is extremely deficient, as practically no data are available from Hungary.

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Volatile Organic Compound Profiles From Wheat Diseases Are Pathogen-Specific and Can Be Exploited for Disease Classification

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.803352 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Ficke ◽

Belachew Asalf ◽

Hans Ragnar Norli

Keyword(s):

Pure Culture ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Disease Classification ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Head Blight ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Wheat Diseases ◽

Volatile Organic

Plants and fungi emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are either constitutively produced or are produced in response to changes in their physico-chemical status. We hypothesized that these chemical signals could be utilized as diagnostic tools for plant diseases. VOCs from several common wheat pathogens in pure culture (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, and Parastagonospora nodorum) were collected and compared among isolates of the same fungus, between pathogens from different species, and between pathogens causing different disease groups [Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB)]. In addition, we inoculated two wheat varieties with either F. graminearum or P. nodorum, while one variety was also inoculated with Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (powdery mildew, PM). VOCs were collected 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation. Each fungal species in pure culture emitted a different VOC blend, and each isolate could be classified into its respective disease group based on VOCs with an accuracy of 71.4 and 84.2% for FHB and SNB, respectively. When all collection times were combined, the classification of the tested diseases was correct in 84 and 86% of all cases evaluated. Germacrene D and sativene, which were associated with FHB infection, and mellein and heptadecanone, which were associated with SNB infection, were consistently emitted by both wheat varieties. Wheat plants infected with PM emitted significant amounts of 1-octen-3-ol and 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-hexene. Our study suggests that VOC blends could be used to classify wheat diseases. This is the first step toward a real-time disease detection in the field based on chemical signatures of wheat diseases.

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Description of a Novel Mycovirus in the Phytopathogen Fusarium culmorum and a Related EVE in the Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12050523 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 523

Author(s):

Mathieu Mahillon ◽

Gustavo Romay ◽

Charlotte Liénard ◽

Anne Legrève ◽

Claude Bragard

Keyword(s):

Retention Rate ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Isogenic Line ◽

Biological Characterization ◽

Lipomyces Starkeyi ◽

Fungal Host ◽

Dsrna Genome ◽

Novel Virus

A new mycovirus was found in the Fusarium culmorum strain A104-1 originally sampled on wheat in Belgium. This novel virus, for which the name Fusarium culmorum virus 1 (FcV1) is suggested, is phylogenetically related to members of the previously proposed family ‘’Unirnaviridae’’. FcV1 has a monopartite dsRNA genome of 2898 bp that harbors two large non-overlapping ORFs. A typical -1 slippery motif is found at the end of ORF1, advocating that ORF2 is translated by programmed ribosomal frameshifting. While ORF2 exhibits a conserved replicase domain, ORF1 encodes for an undetermined protein. Interestingly, a hypothetically transcribed gene similar to unirnaviruses ORF1 was found in the genome of Lipomyces starkeyi, presumably resulting from a viral endogenization in this yeast. Conidial isolation and chemical treatment were unsuccessful to obtain a virus-free isogenic line of the fungal host, highlighting a high retention rate for FcV1 but hindering its biological characterization. In parallel, attempt to horizontally transfer FcV1 to another strain of F. culmorum by dual culture failed. Eventually, a screening of other strains of the same fungal species suggests the presence of FcV1 in two other strains from Europe.

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Species richness and abundance of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete sporocarps on a moisture gradient in the Tsuga heterophylla zone

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b99-144 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 77 (12) ◽

pp. 1699-1711 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Thomas E O'Dell ◽

Joseph F Ammirati ◽

Edward G Schreiner

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Standing Crop ◽

National Park ◽

Environmental Gradient ◽

Total Sample ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Tsuga Heterophylla ◽

Olympic National Park ◽

Species Richness And Abundance

Sporocarps of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi and vegetation data were collected from eight Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. - Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco stands along a wet to dry gradient in Olympic National Park, Washington, U.S.A. One hundred and fifty species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were collected from a total sample area of 2.08 ha. Over 2 years, fungal species richness ranged from 19 to 67 taxa per stand. Sporocarp standing crop ranged from 0 to 3.8 kg/ha, averaging 0.58 kg/ha, 0.06 kg/ha in spring and 0.97 kg/ha in fall. Sporocarp standing crop and fungal species richness were correlated with precipitation. These results demonstrated that ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp abundance and species richness can be partly explained in terms of an environmental gradient.

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Synergistic interactions between Stachybotrys chartarum and other indoor fungal species in moisture-damaged houses

10.1101/2021.07.13.452289 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paris Chakravarty

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽

Building Materials ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Stachybotrys Chartarum ◽

In Vitro Growth ◽

Synergistic Interactions ◽

Cladosporium Herbarum

The interactions between six commonly occurring fungal species in damp or water-damaged houses in southern California were studied. These fungal species were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Stachybotrys chartarum. In the damp building materials, S. chartarum was found to be associated with A. niger, C. globosum, and P. chrysogenum but not with A. alternata and C. herbarum. Stachybotrys chartarum showed strong antagonistic effect against A. alternata and C. herbarum and significantly inhibited in vitro growth of A. alternata and C. herbarum but had no effect on A. niger, C. globosum, and P. chrysogenum. Two trichothecenes, produced by S. chartarum, trichodermin and trichodermol, significantly inhibited spore germination and in vitro growth of A. alternata and C. herbarum but had no effect on A. niger, C. globosum, P. chrysogenum and S. chartarum. In the damp building materials (drywall, ceiling tile, and oak woods), S. chartarum significantly inhibited the growth of A. alternata and C. herbarum and had no effect on the growth and colonization of A. niger, C. globosum, P. chrysogenum in these substrata.

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Taxonomy and Ecology of Ectomycorrhizal Macrofungi of Grand Teton National Park

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1987.2635 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 82-83

Author(s):

Kent McKnight

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Field Studies ◽

Fungal Species ◽

University Of Washington ◽

Grand Teton National Park

The 6 weeks field studies during the summer of 1987 relate to that part of the previously stated objectives (e.g. McKnight, Harper, & McKnight, 1986) concerned with the inventory of fungal species in the Wyoming national parks, particularly Grand Teton National Park. With the return of Dr. Meinhard Moser, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, we intended to concentrate on the Hymenomycete genus Cortinarius. The range of species studied was broadened significantly by the shorter visits of two additional collaborators, Dr. Harry Thiers, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, and Dr. Joe Ammirati, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

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Disease symptoms and fungi occurring on overground organs of Quercus petraea

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1996.015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 163-170

Author(s):

Krystyna Przybył

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Quercus Petraea ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Mixed Forests ◽

Disease Symptoms

The observatins of Quercus petraea trees growing in mixed forests of Wielkopolska National Park and Wolin National Park were carried out in 1994 and 1995. The fungi were isolated from dead sections of twigs and branches and from trunks exhibiting necrosis in secondary bark and discolorations of sapwood. Thirty one fungal species were identified on the organs studied. They belonged to saprophytes and to the group of fungi secondarily colonizing tissues of weakened trees.

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Correlation between black point symptoms and fungal infestation and seedling viability of wheat kernels

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/14/2008-pps ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 138-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. Hudec ◽

D. Muchová

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Wheat Seedling ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Black Point ◽

Coleoptile Growth ◽

Wheat Kernels

The level of occurrence of black point, the spectrum of fungal species and damage to wheat seedling vigour associated with it were assessed during 2003 and 2004 in the Slovak Republic. The incidence of black point kernels ranged between 0.2–2.4% in 2003 and 24.2–34.3% in 2004. The kernels’ fungal contamination varied from 60% to 100%. Alternaria spp., F. poae and F. culmorum were isolated from all localities and all subsamples. Stemphylium vesicarium, Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides, Microdochium nivale, Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus nigricans and Cochliobolus sativus were isolated less frequently. Fungi of the genus Alternaria were the most dominant, followed by Fusarium and Microdochium among which F. poae was dominant. Irrespective of incubation temperature, the germinative capacity and coleoptile growth rate of discolored kernels were affected more in the wet and cold year 2004. The inhibition of germination and seedling viability was more pronounced at the incubation temperature 22°C than at 15°C. Inhibition of coleoptile growth rate was 0.12–3.12% in black point kernels collected in 2003, and 0.24–9.28% in those collected in 2004.

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Fungitoxicity of natural heterocycle glucoside vicine obtained from Vicia faba L. against selectedmicroscopic filamentous fungi

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4410-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 543-547

Author(s):

M. Pavlík ◽

M. Váňová ◽

V. Laudová ◽

J. Harmatha

Keyword(s):

Vicia Faba ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Effective Concentration ◽

Lower Toxicity ◽

Cladosporium Herbarum ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Natural Fungicide ◽

Mature Seeds ◽

Fungistatic Effect

Vicine and convicine were isolated from mature seeds of Vicia faba L. These compounds were separated from the relevant fractions by HPLC and identified by IR, MS and NMR. Obtained vicine was used for all bioassays. Vicine in concentration of 25 µg in 1 ml of medium had significant toxic effect. The concentration of 5 µg of vicine in 1 ml of medium had significant fungistatic effect for fungi Fusarium culmorum and Alternaria alternata. The concentration of 500 ng of vicine in 1 ml of medium had significant fungistatic effect for fungi Cladosporium herbarum and Botrytis cinerea. The effective concentration of vicine in our test was significantly lower than is the concentration of vicine in seeds and pods of V. faba. The toxicity of vicine comparing with the toxicity of insecticide Actellic was higher by one order. Also, the fungicide Impact had a lower toxicity than vicine. Fungitoxic and fungistatic effect of vicine was comparable with some other tested fungicides and with the plant saponin digitonin. Our results confirmed that vicine is important natural fungicide.

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