scholarly journals Macromycetes in forest associations of the Świętokrzyski National Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lisiewska
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Świętokrzyski National Park ◽  
Seasonal Aspects

The investigations on the role of macromycetes in various forest communities of the Świętokrzyski National ark were performed in the years 1964-1968. Fruit bodies growing on the soil, in the litter and on wood were studied on 13 permanent plots. Attention was paid to effects of atmospheric conditions on the fruiting of fungi and to the seasonal aspects of macromycetes.

scholarly journals Declines in populations of Salix caprea L.during forest regeneration after strong herbivore pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz B. Faliński
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Białowieża National Park

Communities of broadleaved forest subject to strong pressure from large herbivores underwent degeneration. The relief of this pressure led to regeneration of the community, in which an important role was played by the sallow <em>Salix caprea</em> and other light-seeded pioneer species of tree (<em>Populus tremula</em>, <em>Betula pendula</em> and <em>B. pubescens</em>). Regeneration involving <em>Salix caprea</em> proceeded following the conservatorial protection of the degenerate stands in a reserve and later in Białowieża National Park. The emergence and development of the population of <em>Salix caprea</em> proceeded following the invasion of spruce, which coincided with the period of enhanced animal pressure on broadleaved forest. <em>Salix caprea</em> filled all the gaps in the tree stand arising as a result of the destruction of trees and undergrowth by herbivores (in the years 1892-1915). It also appeared en masse on old, at that time unforested, clearings and felled areas. In these places, <em>Salix caprea</em> created very abundant populations, with particular trees being in good condition, with a habit typical of forest trees and attaining considerable heights. The majority of trees were 50-60 years old at the time of death, although individuals reached 74 years of age. The process of extinction of the sallow population - observed over 19 years on permanent plots and fixed trees - proceeded very quickly, especially in the first decade of observation. It led to the almost complete disappearance of sallow for the forest communities of Białowieża National Park. The death of individual trees is preceded by impairment of their health and reduced annual increments in the 4-9 last years of life. The extinction of the population is associated with the loss of its primary phenological differentiation and with a change in the sex structure of the population from a prevalence of female trees to a near even distribution of the two sexes. The development of the populations of permanent constituents of the forest (<em>Carpinus betulus</em>, <em>Tilia cordata</em>, <em>Acer platanoides</em> and <em>Ulmus glabra</em>) under the canopy of light-seeded trees, and the non-creation of a new generation of pioneer species points to the imminent end of the process of regeneration in the forest communities of Białowieża National Park.

Zmiany składu gatunkowego i wskaźników struktury zbiorowisk roślinnych w latach 2001‑2018 na wybranych powierzchniach stałych w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym = Changes of species composition and structural indices among plant communities in 2001‑2018 on selected permanent plots in Kampinos National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-443
Author(s):  
Jerzy Solon ◽  
Anna Otręba ◽  
Anna Andrzejewska ◽  
Piotr T. Zaniewski
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Directional Change

On the basis of 2001, 2007, 2012 and 2018 phytosociological records obtained from 52 permanent plots distributed across Poland’s Kampinos National Park, it proved possible to determine main directions of change in the ecological character of undergrowth. Reference to similarity of species composition on the plots between 2001 and 2018 allowed for the identification of Groups: A (occurring in boggy alder forest habitats, and comprising communities at different successional stages), B (coniferous and mixed-coniferous forests), C (oak-hornbeam forests and similar communities) and D (vegetation representing different dynamic stages of the succession from non-forest to forest communities). Irrespective of each plot’s unique history, the above Groups of plots could be characterised in line with specific sets of features subject to directional change during the period under analysis. Where Group A communities were concerned, a rise in the level of ground water and a decline in the content of organic carbon in soil were experienced, with the result that fen sedge species (Scheuchzerio-Caricetea) came to play a reduced role, even as there was a steadily-increasing role for species associated with communities flooded at least periodically (hence Potamogetonetea and Bidentetea). This was accompanied by a decrease in the number of shrub species and an increase in the number of bryophyte species. There were also increases in the proportions of geophytes and species associated with habitats more abundant in nitrogen. Group B communities were likewise subject to rising water tables, albeit changes not reflected directly in differing vegetation characteristics. The carbon: nitrogen ratio in soils here increased, as did numbers of species characteristic of undergrowth, as well as the bryophyte layer. Nevertheless, where undergrowth species were concerned, the role of those typical for open sandy grasslands (Koelerio-Corynephoretea) is seen to be declining, with this inter alia denoting increased shares of species either tolerant of shade or avoiding full illumination. There has also been a decline affecting hemicryptophytes, even as species associated with more nitrogen-rich habitats have come to account for greater shares. Where Group C communities encountered higher water levels, certain patches present in wetter habitats saw increases in the role played by species characteristic for class Bidentetea. The sorption capacities of soils here decreased, while values for the C: N ratio rose. Tree and shrub species came to be fewer in number as numbers of undergrowth species rose. There were also increases in the roles of species characterising moist verges (Galio-Urticenea), as well as geophytes. Group D communities likewise encountered rising groundwater levels, but did not seem to experience directional change otherwise, within their phytocoenoses. The sorption capacity of their soils nevertheless decreased. Overall, it was possible to note increases over the period in question when it came to numbers of species present in the tree, undergrowth and bryophyte layers. However, while the role of species characteristic for class Nardo-Callunetea increased, that of Trifolio-Geranietea species declined. And, while correlations between vegetation and soil characteristics proved to be different for each of the four groups of communities, there was no precluding model parameters differing significantly from one year of measurement to another.

THE ROLE OF SEA-LEVEL RISE AND STORMS IN FORMATION AND RESILIENCE OF FLORIDA BAY ISLANDS, EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lynn Wingard ◽  
◽  
Miriam C. Jones ◽  
Sarah E. Bergstresser ◽  
Bethany L. Stackhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
National Park ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Everglades National Park ◽  
Bay Islands

Remembering the Battle of Pezi Sla (Greasy Grass—aka Little Bighorn) with the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Victory Riders: An Autoethnographic Photo Essay

2021 ◽  
pp. 153270862199112
Author(s):  
Elena Tajima Creef ◽  
Carl J. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Park Service ◽  
Northern Cheyenne ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Photo Essay

If one travels to Little Bighorn Battlefield National Park in late June, one can witness at least three events that simultaneously take place each year commemorating what has been called “one of the great mythic and mysterious military battles of American history” (Frosch, 2010). The National Park Service rangers give “battle talks” on the hour to visiting tourists. Two miles away, the privately run U.S. Cavalry School also performs a scripted reenactment called “Custer’s Last Ride”—with riders who have been practicing all week to play the role of soldiers from the doomed regiment of Custer’s 7th Cavalry. On this same day, a traveling band of men, women, and youth from the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Nations who have journeyed by horseback and convoy from the Dakotas and Wyoming will reach Last Stand Hill to remember this “Victory Day” from 1876—one that historians have called the “last stand of the Indians” during the period of conflict known as the “Great Sioux War.” This photo essay offers an autoethnographic account of what some have dubbed the annual “Victory Ride” to Montana based upon my participation as a non-Native supporter of this Ride in 2017, 2018, and 2019.

scholarly journals Structure, Diversity, and Environmental Determinants of High-Latitude Threatened Conifer Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Carlos Esse ◽  
Francisco Correa-Araneda ◽  
Cristian Acuña ◽  
Rodrigo Santander-Massa ◽  
Patricio De Los Ríos-Escalante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
National Park ◽  
High Water ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Topography

Pilgerodendron uviferum (D. Don) Florin is an endemic, threatened conifer that grows in South America. In the sub-Antarctic territory, one of the most isolated places in the world, some forest patches remain untouched since the last glaciation. In this study, we analyze the tree structure and tree diversity and characterize the environmental conditions where P. uviferum-dominated stands develop within the Magellanic islands in Kawésqar National Park, Chile. An environmental matrix using the databases WorldClim and SoilGrids and local topography variables was used to identify the main environmental variables that explain the P. uviferum-dominated stands. PCA was used to reduce the environmental variables, and PERMANOVA and nMDS were used to evaluate differences among forest communities. The results show that two forest communities are present within the Magellanic islands. Both forest communities share the fact that they can persist over time due to the high water table that limits the competitive effect from other tree species less tolerant to high soil water table and organic matter. Our results contribute to knowledge of the species’ environmental preference and design conservation programs.

Microstructure of high-temperature (>73 °C) siliceous sinter deposited around hot springs and geysers, Yellowstone National Park: the role of biological and abiological processes in sedimentation

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1611-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R Lowe ◽  
Deena Braunstein
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Temperature Sinter ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Siliceous Sinter ◽  
High Temperature Sinter

Slightly alkaline hot springs and geysers in Yellowstone National Park exhibit distinctive assemblages of high-temperature (>73 °C) siliceous sinter reflecting local hydrodynamic conditions. The main depositional zones include subaqueous pool and channel bottoms and intermittently wetted subaerial splash, surge, and overflow areas. Subaqueous deposits include particulate siliceous sediment and dendritic and microbial silica framework. Silica framework forms thin, porous, microbe-rich films coating subaqueous surfaces. Spicules with intervening narrow crevices dominate in splash zones. Surge and overflow deposits include pool and channel rims, columns, and knobs. In thin section, subaerial sinter is composed of (i) dark brown, nearly opaque laminated sinter deposited on surfaces that evaporate to dryness; (ii) clear translucent silica deposited subaqueously through precipitation driven by supersaturation; (iii) heterogeneous silica representing silica-encrusted microbial filaments and detritus; and (iv) sinter debris. Brownish laminations form the framework of most sinter deposited in surge and overflow zones. Pits and cavities are common architectural features of subaerial sinter and show concave-upward pseudo-cross-laminations and micro-unconformities developed through migration. Marked birefringence of silica deposited on surfaces that evaporate to dryness is probably a strain effect. Repeated wetting and evaporation, often to dryness, and capillary effects control the deposition, morphology, and microstructure of most high-temperature sinter outside of the fully subaqueous zone. Microbial filaments are abundant on and within high-temperature sinter but do not provide the main controls on morphology or structuring except in biofilms developed on subaqueous surfaces. Millimetre-scale lamination cyclicity in much high-temperature sinter represents annual layering and regular seasonal fluctuations in silica sedimentation.

scholarly journals Evidence for the role of organics in aerosol particle formation under atmospheric conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (15) ◽  
pp. 6646-6651 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Metzger ◽  
B. Verheggen ◽  
J. Dommen ◽  
J. Duplissy ◽  
A. S. H. Prevot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particle ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions
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