scholarly journals Mitotic activity and changes in DNA content during Zea mays L. endosperm development

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Hanna Kuran ◽  
Kazimierz Marciniak
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Mitotic Figures

Mitotic activity and nuclear DNA content in endosperm of <em>Zea mays</em> cv. Złota Karłowa were examined. DNA content was cytophotometrically measured on squashed preparations after Feulgen procedure. Mitotic activity in endosperm was determined till the stage when embryo sack reached 4.5 mm in length. Some of mitotic figures show multiplied DNA content. Endosperm nuclei have various DNA contents which increase throughout endosperm development. DNA content enhancement indicates endoreduplication in progress. Some nuclei with high DNA content display changes in chromatin structure, which are expressed by the presence of strands and aggregates of chromatin characterised by high staining intensity. A conclusion has been drawn that mitotic divisions and the endoreduplication phase of nuclear DNA may occur simultaneously and dominate one over another at different phases of endosperm development.

Inheritance of nuclear DNA content in leaf epidermal cells of Zea mays L.

1997 ◽  
Vol 94 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 782-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cavallini ◽  
L. Natali ◽  
G. Cionini ◽  
C. Balconi ◽  
F. D’Amato
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Epidermal Cells

Changes in chromosome structure, mitotic activity and nuclear DNA content from cells of Allium Test induced by bark water extract of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC

2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Kuraś ◽  
Julita Nowakowska ◽  
Elwira Śliwińska ◽  
Radosław Pilarski ◽  
Renata Ilasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Uncaria Tomentosa

Nuclear DNA content of three Eucalyptus species estimated by flow and image cytometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Miranda Praça ◽  
Carlos Roberto Carvalho ◽  
Carolina Ribeiro Diniz Boaventura Novaes
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Image Cytometry ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Nuclear Dna Contents

Previous flow cytometry (FCM) analyses delivered nearly equal mean values of nuclear 2C DNA content for Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and E. urophylla S. T. Blake (1.33 pg and 1.34 pg, respectively), whereas E. globulus Labill. presented distinct mean values (1.09, 1.13 and 1.40). These differences have been attributed to the different methodological approach, utilised plant cultivar and presence of intrinsic metabolic compounds that affect fluorochrome fluorescence. In the present study, a FCM and image cytometry (ICM) design, following international consensus criteria, were adopted to reassess the nuclear DNA contents of the above-mentioned Eucalyptus species. Statistical analyses revealed either similar or discrepant nuclear DNA contents, depending on the standard species used and whether FCM or ICM was employed. Our results demonstrated that 2C DNA values obtained by FCM and ICM were most uniform when Solanum lycopersicum was used as a standard. Moreover, the values obtained for E. grandis and E. urophylla were close, but differed as much as 24.63% in relation to previous data, and E. globulus proportionally varied up to 25%. New DNA content values are suggested for these eucalypt species.

scholarly journals Genome Sizes in Hepatica Mill: (Ranunculaceae) Show a Loss of DNA, Not a Gain, in Polyploids

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. M. Zonneveld
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Contents ◽  
Allotetraploid Species

Genome size (C-value) was applied anew to investigate the relationships within the genus Hepatica (Ranunculaceae). More than 50 samples representing all species (except H. falconeri), from wild and cultivated material, were investigated. Species of Hepatica turn out to be diploid (), tetraploid ( ), and a possible pentaploid. The somatic nuclear DNA contents (2C-value), as measured by flow cytometry with propidium iodide, were shown to range from 33 to 80 pg. The Asiatic and American species, often considered subspecies of H. nobilis, could be clearly distinguished from European H. nobilis. DNA content confirmed the close relationships in the Asiatic species, and these are here considered as subspecies of H. asiatica. Parents for the allotetraploid species could be suggested based on their nuclear DNA content. Contrary to the increase in genome size suggested earlier for Hepatica, a significant (6%–14%) loss of nuclear DNA in the natural allopolyploids was found.

The duration of meiosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 178 (1052) ◽  
pp. 277-299 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Informational Content ◽  
Diploid Plant ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dna Contents

A survey of work on meiotic duration in diploid plants shows that the duration is positively correlated with the DNA content per nucleus and with the mitotic cycle time. However, meiotic duration is not solely determined by the DNA content per nucleus but is also affected by chromosomal organization, DNA structure and the developmental pattern of the organism. Thus, in three polyploid plant species meiosis is much shorter and in three animal species it is much longer than would be expected in diploid plant species having corresponding DNA contents. Differences in meiotic duration in plant species are usually the result of proportional differences in all the stages of meiosis. Factors affecting the initiation, control and duration of meiosis are discussed. The consequences of changes in nuclear DNA content on developmental processes and the life cycle in plants are considered. It is suggested that DNA influences development in two ways, first directly through its informational content, and second indirectly by the physical mechanical effects of its mass independent of its informational content.

Effects of Spent Pot Liner on mitotic activity and nuclear DNA content in meristematic cells of Allium cepa

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira ◽  
José Marcello Salabert de Campos ◽  
Lisete Chamma Davide
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Meristematic Cells

scholarly journals Estimates of nuclear DNA content in 98 species of brown algae (Phaeophyta)

AoB Plants ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Phillips ◽  
Donald F. Kapraun ◽  
Amelia Gómez Garreta ◽  
M. Antonia Ribera Siguan ◽  
Jorde L. Rull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Content Range

Abstract Background and aims Brown algae are critical components of marine ecosystems around the world. However, the genome of only one species of the class has so far been sequenced. This contrasts with numerous sequences available for model organisms such as higher plants, flies or worms. The present communication expands our coverage of DNA content information to 98 species of brown algae with a view to facilitating further genomic investigations of the class. Methodology The DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and the red blood cell (chicken erythrocyte) standard were used to estimate 2C values by static microspectrophotometry. Principal results 2C DNA contents are reported for 98 species of brown algae, almost doubling the number of estimates available for the class. The present results also expand the reported DNA content range to 0.2–3.6 pg, with several species of Fucales and Laminariales containing apparent polyploid genomes with 2C = 1.8–3.6 pg. Conclusions The data provide DNA content values for 12 of the 19 recognized orders of brown algae spanning the breadth of the class. Despite earlier contentions concerning DNA content and the presence of oogamy, the present results do not support a correlation between phylogenetic placement and genome size. The closest sister groups to the brown algae have genome sizes on the order of 0.3 pg (e.g. Schizocladiophyceae), suggesting that this may be the ancestral genome size. However, DNA content ranges widely across the class.

scholarly journals Development and Characteristics of Interspecific Hybrids between Brassica oleracea L. and B. napus L.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska ◽  
Michał Starzycki ◽  
Elżbieta Starzycka-Korbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Head Cabbage

Interspecific hybridization between B. oleracea inbred lines of head cabbage, Brussels sprouts, kale and B. taurica and inbred lines of rapeseed (B. napus L.) were performed aiming at the development of the new sources of genetic variability of vegetable Brassicas. Using conventional crossings and the embryo-rescue techniques the following interspecific hybrids were developed: 11 genotypes of F1 generation, 18 genotypes of F2 and F1 × F2 generations (produced after self- and cross-pollination of interspecific F1 hybrids), 10 plants of the BC1 generation (resulted from crossing head cabbage cytoplasmic male-sterile lines with interspecific hybrids of the F2 and F1 generations) and 8 plants of BC1 × (F1 × F2). No viable seeds of the BC2 generation (B. oleracea) were obtained due to the strong incompatibility and high mortality of embryos. The morphological characteristics during the vegetative and generative stages, pollen characteristics, seed development and propagation, nuclear DNA contents and genome compositions of interspecific hybrids were analyzed. All the interspecific F1 hybrids were male-fertile with a majority of undeveloped and malformed pollen grains. They showed intermediate values for morphological traits and nuclear DNA contents and had nearly triploid chromosomal numbers (27 to 29) compared with parental lines. The F2 generation had a doubled nuclear DNA content, with 52 and 56 chromosomes, indicating their allohexaploid nature. F2 hybrids were characterized by a high heterosis of morphological characteristics, viable pollen and good seed development. F1 × F2 hybrids were male-fertile with a diversified DNA content and intermediate pollen viability. BC1 plants were male-sterile with an intermediate nuclear DNA content between the F2 and head cabbage, having 28 to 38 chromosomes. Plants of the BC1 × (F1 × F2) generation were in majority male-fertile with 38–46 chromosomes, high seed set, high heterosis and intermediate values for morphological traits. The obtained interspecific hybrids are valuable as new germplasm for improving Brassica-breeding programs.

THE 4C NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT OF SEVERAL HORDEUM GENOTYPES

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Bennett ◽  
J. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Contents ◽  
Physiological Characters

The 4C nuclear DNA content was estimated for 17 wild Hordeum species and five cultivated Hordeum vulgare varieties which were chosen to include examples varying greatly in geographical origin and in morphological and physiological characters. Nuclear DNA was measured on an integrating microdensitometer using prophase nuclei in Feulgen stained root-tip squashes. There were no significant differences in DNA content between any or the 15 diploid genotypes measured, and the seven polyploid genotypes all had nuclear DNA contents which were simple multiples of the diploid genotypes. This result, namely that the DNA content of diploid Hordeum species is invariable, differs from results obtained from diploid species in several other plant genera which differed greatly in nuclear DNA content.

Polyploid polymorphism in Andropogon gerardii

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Keeler ◽  
B. Kwankin ◽  
P. W. Barnes ◽  
D. W. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Andropogon Gerardii ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between nuclear DNA content and chromosome number was investigated in Andropogon gerardii. The distribution of cytotypes in a natural population of this grass was also examined. Nuclear DNA content was determined using flow cytometry rather than the traditional method of Feulgen microphotometry. Our results demonstrate the increased accuracy and speed of this new method in the detection and study of polyploidy. Nuclear DNA content is strongly correlated to chromosome number in Andropogon gerardii (r = 0.971, P <0.01). The natural population of this grass was found to consist of plants with 2N = 60 chromosomes (hexaploid cytotype) and 2N = 80 chromosomes (octoploid cytotype), in equal proportions. Intermediate cytotypes were lacking in the natural population, although three progeny plants grown in the greenhouse from wild-collected seed show intermediate values of nuclear DNA content and have 2N = 70 chromosomes. The two coexisting cytotypes are intermingled and show no difference in microhabitats. The absence of septaploids in the natural population suggests that the two cytotypes are probably reproductively isolated. Key words: polyploidy, DNA contents, flow cytometry, polymorphism.

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