scholarly journals Central European botanic gardens as centres of dispersal of alien plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Galera ◽  
Barbara Sudnik-Wójcikowska
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Central European ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
Tens Rule ◽  
Flora Of Central Europe ◽  
Synanthropic Flora

The aim of the work was to estimate the specific role that Central European botanic gardens play in the dispersal of alien plants, which results from the wide variety of plants cultivated in the gardens and regular international exchange of plant material between these institutions. We compared the results of recent field studies (in eight Polish botanic gardens) and a review of older literature data and herbarium collections (from Central European botanic gardens). We found that in Poland the proportion of botanic garden escapes was lower (3%) than would be expected from the "tens rule". Botanic gardens have played a considerable role in the development of the synanthropic flora of Central Europe in the last 200 years. We determined a group of species introduced through a network of botanic gardens and propose 5 theoretical patterns to describe the mode and pathways of the early stages of introduction of these species.

Data Capture Project at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

2009 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Natacha Frachon ◽  
Martin Gardner ◽  
David Rae
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Collections ◽  
Field Notes

Botanic gardens, with their large holdings of living plants collected from around the world, are important guardians of plant biodiversity, but acquiring and curating these genetic resources is enormously expensive. For these reasons it is crucial that botanic gardens document and curate their collections in order to gain the greatest benefit from the plants in their care. Great priority is given to making detailed field notes and the process of documentation is often continued during the plants formative years when being propagated. However, for the large majority of plants this process often stops once the material is planted in its final garden location. The Data Capture Project at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is an attempt to document specific aspects of the plant collections so that the information captured can be of use to the research community even after the plants have died.

scholarly journals To the study of alien species in the flora of Khakassia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Ebel ◽  
◽  
S.A. Sheremetova ◽  
I.A. Khrustaleva ◽  
T.O. Strelnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Black Book ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Scientific Network ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
The Republic

As a result of the field studies, analysis of publications and herbarium materials, it has been established that by now the alien flora of the Republic of Khakassia includes about 140 species of vascular plants. Of this number, more than 30 species are invasive plants included in the “Black Book of Flora of Siberia” (2016). In recent years, there has been both a fairly rapid replenishment of the flora with alien plants and a noticeable dispersal of a number of invasive species across the territory of Khakassia. For the purpose of monitoring alien plant species, we use the capabilities of the international scientific network iNaturalist.org.

scholarly journals Propagation of Dry Habitat Fern Species Using Spore Collections from Historic Herbarium Specimens

2011 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Gunnar Ovstebo
Keyword(s):  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Herbarium Material ◽  
Plant Collection ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
Horticultural Research

Spores sourced from historic herbarium specimens have been used to introduce wild-collected material to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) living plant collection. The ability of dry habitat ferns to maintain spore viability for prolonged periods makes it possible to grow plants from the historically important RBGE herbarium collections. The factors that affect the ability of spores to germinate from herbarium collections are described. Three fern species from the Pteridaceae – Actiniopteris semiflabellata, Anogramma leptophylla and Aleuritopteris scioana – which were not previously in cultivation at RBGE were germinated from herbarium material of different ages. Germination was observed from all three species. Plants produced in this experiment were accessed into the RBGE living plant collection for future horticultural research and germination trials.

The identity of John Rattray, diatomist and collector on the Buccaneer expedition (1885–1886) to West Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 408 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
ESTRELA FIGUEIREDO ◽  
DAVID WILLIAMS ◽  
GIDEON F. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
West African ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
The 19Th Century

Herbarium records show that during the second half of the 19th century John Rattray collected several plant specimens at ports of call along the West African coast (Canary Islands, Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ghana, São Tomé, Príncipe, and Angola). At the herbarium (K) of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, four such specimens are databased, three of which can be examined online. At the herbarium (E) of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland, 26 specimens are databased, twenty of which are imaged. All the specimens we examined have printed labels stating ‘Collected by John Rattray, H.M. Challenger Commission, Edinburgh’ with only a handwritten indication of the locality, for example ‘Loanda’ (Luanda, Angola). The collecting date has been omitted from the labels and there are no further details on the specimens. An investigation of the literature revealed that there is some confusion regarding the origin of the material and the identity of John Rattray, the collector.

scholarly journals Botanic gardens, education, and orchid conservation strategies: the need for a coordinated approach

Lankesteriana ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mirenda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Orchid Conservation ◽  
Public Garden ◽  
Para Determinar

Se ha escuchado a nivel mundial el llamado para la conservación de orquídeas, por parte de científicos, profesionales de horticultura, propagadores comerciales y los apasionados entusiastas privados, todos con diferentes opiniones sobre la manera para atacar este problema global. Las noticias han sido desalentadoras en relación al calentamiento global, destrucción de hábitat, desplazamiento de poblaciones nativas por parte de agresivas, exóticas e insostenibles depredaciones /cosechas de plantas y los esfuerzos impotentes para hacer cumplir las protecciones legales. Se han dedicado muchas ideas y esfuerzos para determinar estrategias específicas para la conservación de orquídeas, incluyendo la protección al hábitat, la compra y preservación de los “puntos calientes,” así como las tendencias hacia la creación de reservas hortícolas, tanto nativas (reservas de los Jardines de Lankester, Fundación EcoMinga, Ecuagenera) y ex situ (jardines de orquídeas en Hawái, colecciones bajo vidrio, etc.). Tácticas como un banco de semillas, tecnología ADN, esfuerzos de propagación ex situ, así como eventuales reintroducciones, inherentemente dependen de recursos y propiedades de jardines botánicos y cultivadores comerciales responsables. Es este tipo de trabajo de horticultura el que ha salvado a otros géneros que no corresponden a las orquídeas, tales como Franklinia, Torreya, Wollemia, y especies de orquídeas como Paphiopedilum vietnamense, Epidendrum ilense, y Angraecum longicalcar de la extinción. Los jardines botánicos unidos bajo ciertas organizaciones como la Asociación Americana de Jardines Públicos (American Public Garden Association - APGA) y Jardines Botánicos para la Conservación Internacional (Botanic Garden Conservation International - BGCI), necesitan de una mayor cooperación y coordinación para el éxito de sus esfuerzos para la conservación de plantas. Además, es un aspecto crítico que los jardines botánicos se conecten con la comunidad científica (y viceversa), especialmente aquellos que mejor pueden asesorar sobreaquellas especies más amenazadas. Si las colecciones van a ser utilizadas en forma óptima, las sociedades científicas y de horticultura deben estar más conscientes de sus respectivos activos y prioridades. En el Primer Congreso Internacional para la Conservación de Orquídeas (International Orchid Conservation Congress - IOCC), se adoptaron cuatro resoluciones de la Estrategia Global para la Conservación de Plantas (Global Strategy for Plant Conservation – GSPC en inglés): 1): el 90% de todas las orquídeas amenazadas deberían ser asegurada en colecciones ex situ; 2) el 50% debería constar en programas para su recuperación activa; 3) Se debe considerar que las orquídeas están amenazadas cuando su cosecha no es sostenible; y 4) Para el año 2010, cada niño y niña debe estar consciente de lo que es la diversidad de plantas (incluyendo a las orquídeas). ¿C.mo podemos evaluar si se está logrando el progreso hacia estos admirables objetivos sin que exista una entidad que unifique y que pueda recopilar el progreso, la información y el grado de éxitos alcanzado? Al ver el esfuerzo desplegado en tantos lugares separados, es indudable que se necesita urgentemente este tipo de entidad. Constituye la meta de muchos jardines botánicos y una meta específica del Instituto Smithsoniano, el promover la diseminación de conocimientos y comprensión. Con este fin en mente, el anterior objetivo #4 constituye una particular prioridad. A pesar de que alcanzar la meta del 100% de conciencia compartida en relación a la diversidad de plantas para el año 2010, hemos iniciado un proyecto que nos permita comprender y finalmente corregir el llamado síndrome de “Ceguera relativa a las Plantas,” bajo el cual la persona promedio no considera que las plantas son seres vivientes (en el mismo sentido de los animales). Mediante el uso de encuestas y entrevistas personales, se está analizando este síndrome generalizado y penetrante para determinar sus caracter.sticas demográficas, hombre/ mujer, urbano/rural, jóvenes/ viejos, etc. Es imperativo para los educadores que identifiquen la edad en la cual dichas actitudes empiezan a introducirse en la psiquis de los jóvenes. Es necesario aplicar ciertas técnicas que permitan elevar el grado de conciencia de los individuos de todas las edades en relación a la importancia de la diversidad de las plantas y su conservación. Esto puede tomar la forma de presentaciones, exposición a especies representativas, paseos de campo y otras oportunidades educativas, que permitan cultivar un enfoque mental que comprenda y a la final proteja el mundo natural. 

scholarly journals The Northern Lads :

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Ron McEwen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
Disproportionate Number

It is well known that a disproportionate number of plant collectors for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in the late 18th and 19th centuries were Scottish gardeners. Another important source of plants for Kew in its early days were the specialist London plant nurseries that were run by Scots. Less well known is the preponderance of Scots found in other areas of Kew’s work – gardeners in charge of the botanic garden, curators of various departments and gardeners who transferred to colonial botanic gardens. This Scottish phenomenon was not unique to Kew: it was found in other botanical and non-botanical institutions in London and the provinces. This paper charts the extent of the phenomenon and, on the basis of 18th- and 19th-century sources, analyses its causes.

scholarly journals A preliminary investigation into the relationship between plant health and branch labelling technique at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

2011 ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Paul Bradley ◽  
Robert Cubey
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Label Material ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Relationship

Anecdotal evidence exists at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) to suggest that branches bearing plant labels are more prone to die-back than those without labels. During 2010–2011 a preliminary study was undertaken in order to assess the accuracy of this hypothesis and to investigate the possible causes and viable alternatives. The study focused on whether there were patterns of damage with respect to label material and wire, plant species or the location of plantings. The study involved a survey of the Living Collection in the four RBGE Gardens, a web-based questionnaire sent out to Botanic Gardens Conservation International member gardens and analysis of branch material and labelling wire. This report provides the information obtained when the hypothesis was investigated and makes recommendations. An extended version, along with the data gathered, is available in the Library at RBGE (Bradley, 2011).

scholarly journals The Value of Community Engagement in Botanic Gardens with Examples from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

2017 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Jenny Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) has community engagement at its core. With health and environmental challenges facing society, its mission “to explore, conserve and explain the world of plants for a better future” is more important and relevant than ever. The established community engagement programme at RBGE includes the Edible Gardening Project and activities at the Botanic Cottage and these are described here. Programmes explore food-growing skills and focus on improving health and wellbeing. Significant impact has occurred at the level of the individual and community, while the wider impact on the health of society and on biodiversity while implied remains to be fully assessed.

scholarly journals New data on distribution of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) in Mongolia

Turczaninowia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Dorofeyev ◽  
Enebishiyn Ganbold ◽  
Ulzijchutag Enkhmaa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Herbarium Collections

At the end of the 20th century the flora of Mongolia was considered very well examined. At that time V. I. Grubov (1982) had summarized its study. However, later it became clear that the flora can be thoroughly supplemented (Gubanov, 1996). In the 21st century, it became apparent that many areas of Mongolia require new, more thorough research, not only for clarifying their species diversity, but also for more specifically defining the boundaries of botanic-geographical districts. The first major attempts to combine all floristic publications were the “Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia” (2014) and the first volumes of “Flora of Mongolia” (2015) prepared by the Mongolian botanists. But even these works show that Mongolia remains an endless region for the search and study of botanical novelties. One of the results of such critical search and studies of herbarium collections and field studies in 2019 is presented in this publication, which expands our knowledge on the distribution of 14 cruciferous species (Alyssum desertorum, Cardamine hirsuta, C. macrophylla, C. dentata, Chorispora tenella, Erysimum sisymbrioides, Meniocus linifolius, Neslia paniculata, Sinapis arvensis, Sisymbrium volgense, S. brassiciforme, S. loeselii, Thellungiella mollissima, Turritis borealis) and taxonomic position of Alyssum desertorum and Thellungiella mollissima.

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