scholarly journals A sea slug’s guide to plastid symbiosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan De Vries ◽  
Cessa Rauch ◽  
Gregor Christa ◽  
Sven B. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Know How ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food Particles

Some 140 years ago sea slugs that contained chlorophyll-pigmented granules similar to those of plants were described. While we now understand that these “green granules” are plastids the slugs sequester from siphonaceous algae upon which they feed, surprisingly little is really known about the molecular details that underlie this one of a kind animal-plastid symbiosis. Kleptoplasts are stored in the cytosol of epithelial cells that form the slug’s digestive tubules, and one would guess that the stolen organelles are acquired for their ability to fix carbon, but studies have never really been able to prove that. We also do not know how the organelles are distinguished from the remaining food particles the slugs incorporate with their meal and that include algal mitochondria and nuclei. We know that the ability to store kleptoplasts long-term has evolved only a few times independently among hundreds of sacoglossan species, but we have no idea on what basis. Here we take a closer look at the history of sacoglossan research and discuss recent developments. We argue that, in order to understand what makes this symbiosis work, we will need to focus on the animal’s physiology just as much as we need to commence a detailed analysis of the plastids’ photobiology. Understanding kleptoplasty in sacoglossan slugs requires an unbiased multidisciplinary approach.

Forschung und Innovation – Wer gewinnt die Zukunft?

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Schweickart
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractResearch, innovation and know-how - these are the resources necessary for the long-term sustainability of our economic system. The strive for such knowhow should not stop at the recent developments in the IT, biotech and nanotech sectors. Other countries, in particular emerging markets like India, China and Korea, are already ahead of us in this respect. They move fast from imitation to innovation. Once, Germany was a leading industrial country in the biotech sector. Compared to other leading industrial countries, Germany may seem quite innovative still, but it will have to put in much more effort to remain competitive in the future.

scholarly journals Finality in Brownfields Remediation and Reuse

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel B. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Rust Belt ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Action Goals

The intersection of brownfields redevelopment and these broader concerns presents a host of issues. Does redevelopment of brownfields connect to a larger vision for the city that links with "smart growth" and climate action goals? Retooling the original developer-centered vision of VCPs to promote broader goals is an ongoing challenge. Has the affected community been involved in planning for brownfields remediation, or has the developer controlled the process? The latter narrows the ability to view the project as part of a community-wide plan, and undermines its legitimacy. Finally, if brownfields redevelopment yields benefits, how can we measure success over the long term? Metrics for assessing this are only just now emerging. As I note in Part III, many key questions have incomplete answers today, and as a result, finality in brownfields remediation and reuse continues to elude us. I draw a number of examples from New Jersey, a Rust Belt state with many brownfields and a complex history of dealing with them. 20 Recent developments in that state, including a 2009 state statute that privatized cleanups, and well-publicized funding shortfalls and regulatory errors in 2011, highlight the challenges of contemporary brownfields redevelopment.

scholarly journals Extragenital endometriosis with lesions of the small and large intestine, the formation of a pathological cavity draining to the anterior abdominal wall (case report)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
I. V. Nazarov ◽  
T. Khabibullakh ◽  
I. V. Barinova ◽  
D. M. Belov
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Benign Diseases ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Extragenital Endometriosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Extragenital endometriosis is one of the most severe benign diseases of the female reproductive system, characterized by different site of target organs. This pathology is associated with the development of severe complications, the treatment of which requires a multidisciplinary approach. This case report is dedicated to the experience of treating a patient with a history of multiple surgical procedures and long-term undiagnosed deep infiltrative endometriosis, complicated by abdominocutaneus endometriotic fistula.

scholarly journals Twist-hands and shuttle-kissing

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Penny ◽  
Tom Fisher
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Automated Manufacturing ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Know How ◽  
Embedded Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Automated Tools

This paper seeks to understand the skills of operating automated manufacturing machines of the C19th as craft practices, employing externally powered and automated tools around which new cultures of practice emerged. We draw upon situated/embodied/enactive/extended/distributed (SEEED) approaches to cognition to explicate the sensibilities of these practices, as well as the history of science and technology, Anthropology, STS and related fields. Our case study is a body of work focused on embodied/ embedded knowledge in the textile industry – specifically in the making of machine lace. We conclude with a proposal for multi-modal museum exhibits that provide an understanding of know-how, kinesthetic/proprioceptive skills and procedures. The authors are both long term practitioners of crafts, both traditional and industrial (see bios). This experience informs the research at every step.

scholarly journals Esophageal Stenting in the Setting of Malignancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Martinez ◽  
Matthew M. Puc ◽  
Roderick M. Quiros
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Symptom Palliation ◽  
Esophageal Stenting

Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, with many patients found to have locoregional or metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. Because of this, cure may be unlikely, leading treatment efforts to focus more on symptom palliation and improving patient quality of life. The majority of patients with advanced disease suffer from some degree of dysphagia. Palliative efforts are therefore directed at relieving dysphagia, allowing patients to manage their oropharyngeal secretions, reduce aspiration risk, and maintain caloric intake orally. A variety of endoscopic treatment modalities have been utilized with these objectives in mind, with options determined by the location and size of the tumor, as well as the patient's expected prognosis. In this article, we review the use of endoscopically-placed stents for palliation in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. We discuss the history of stent use in such cases, as well as more recent developments in stent technology. We give an overview of some of the more commonly used stents in practice, discuss the technique of insertion, and survey the short- and long-term outcomes of stent placement.

scholarly journals Global history of science as a knowledge resource for the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schemmel
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Knowledge Resource ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
Industrial Societies

Non-technical summary The article addresses the role of science in the present global ecological crisis, both as a factor in bringing it about and as a means to confront it. It is argued that the history of science, pursued in a global and long-term perspective, is an important knowledge resource for understanding the development of science in society. Pivotal episodes from that history, ranging from the origin of science in antiquity via the early modern scientific revolution to recent developments in industrial societies, are discussed with a particular emphasis on the case of China and with a view to the present crisis.

scholarly journals A rare cause of neonatal diarrhoea: Microvillositary inclusion disease: about a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 053-056
Author(s):  
Akhrif M ◽  
Sabib M ◽  
Rouas L ◽  
Meskini T ◽  
Mouane N
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Intestinal Transplantation ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Common Mutation ◽  
Know How ◽  
History Of ◽  
Myosin Vb ◽  
The Moment

Microvillositary inclusion disease also known as microvillositary atrophy is a rare congenital enteropathy containing a border abnormality in the brushes of enterocytes, manifesting as severe rebellious diarrhea in newborns and infants. It was first described in 1978 by Davidson, et al. The autosomal recessive mode of transmission is suggested because of the frequency of familial cases and inbreeding. Histopathology plays an essential role in establishing the diagnosis. In 2008, a common mutation was identified in most of the patients studied in the MYO5B gene that codes for the Myosin Vb protein, which helped in understanding the etiopathogeny of this pathology poorly described in the literature. The prognosis for this pathology is extremely bleak, requiring total parenteral nutrition for child survival. Intestinal transplantation is for the moment the only long-term solution. Materials and methods: We report the case of an infant aged 6 months, with no perinatal antecedent. There is 1st degree consanguinity, the mother has a history of deaths in younger siblings in undetermined circumstances. Who since the age of 3 days presents profuse liquid diarrhoea with malnutrition, dehydration and enormous abdominal distension? Several diagnoses were suspected before the jejune biopsy was carried out, which led to the diagnosis of a microvilliositary inclusion disease. The aim of our work is to highlight the rarest cause of neonatal rebel diarrhoea and to know how to include it among other differential diagnoses.

Risk, Climatic Variability, and the Study of Southwestern Prehistory: An Evolutionary Perspective

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Larson ◽  
Hector Neff ◽  
Donald A. Graybill ◽  
Joel Michaelsen ◽  
Elizabeth Ambos
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
Black Mesa ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climatic Record ◽  
Selective Regime

Two recent developments in southwestern archaeology are brought together in this paper. First, theoreticians have begun to argue that the archaeological record should be viewed as the product of selection-driven evolution. Second, tree-ring research has produced a highly detailed history of climate for a large area of the northern Southwest. We view the record of climatic oscillations and extreme events as a record of the strength of selection favoring stabilization of specialized agricultural strategies in the arid northern Southwest. Published data from Black Mesa provide a cultural record of sufficient precision to permit comparison with the climatic record, while new data from Vermillion Cliffs, southern Utah, document one local end-product of an evolutionary sequence shaped to an important degree by the long-term variability of climate. Anasazi occupation of many regions failed to persist through the “Great Drought” of the 1270s. From a local perspective, this extreme climatic event caused adaptations shaped by selection prior to the 1270s to fail; from a broader temporal-spatial perspective, however, the drought must be seen as part of the selective regime that shaped subsequent human adaptation to the northern Southwest.

scholarly journals Cladophialophora bantianaCerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Complicated by Pulmonary Nocardiosis: A Tale of Two Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Khaliq ◽  
Rayan E. Ihle ◽  
Christopher P. Schirtzinger
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neurosurgical Intervention

Cladophialophora bantiana, a melanized neurotropic fungus, is the most commonly reported agent of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. We present a case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due toC. bantianawith a concomitantNocardiainfection in the lung. The patient was a 64-year-old male who presented with one-week history of productive cough, confusion, and staggering gait. Brain MRI showed multiple enhancing masses, and chest CT demonstrated multifocal consolidation. To confirm diagnosis, brain biopsy was performed that showedCladophialophora bantiana. Bronchoscopic lung biopsy confirmed infection withNocardia araoensis. The patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, meropenem, voriconazole, and liposomal amphotericin in addition to partial resection of the brain mass. After several weeks in the hospital and deteriorating status with poor prognosis, medical care was withdrawn.Cladophialophora bantianainfection is rare and requires multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnostic confirmation. Aggressive and long-term treatment with voriconazole along with early neurosurgical intervention may offer an improved chance of survival in these patients.

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