Forschung und Innovation – Wer gewinnt die Zukunft?

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Schweickart
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractResearch, innovation and know-how - these are the resources necessary for the long-term sustainability of our economic system. The strive for such knowhow should not stop at the recent developments in the IT, biotech and nanotech sectors. Other countries, in particular emerging markets like India, China and Korea, are already ahead of us in this respect. They move fast from imitation to innovation. Once, Germany was a leading industrial country in the biotech sector. Compared to other leading industrial countries, Germany may seem quite innovative still, but it will have to put in much more effort to remain competitive in the future.

Empowering STEAM Academics to Adopt Enterprise Pedagogies

2022 ◽  
pp. 142-167
Author(s):  
Naomi Birdthistle ◽  
Carla Riverola ◽  
Lenka Boorer ◽  
Sara Ekberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
21St Century ◽  
21St Century Skills ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Generic Skills ◽  
The Future

Digital transformation and emerging technologies have disrupted the workplace, from the skills employees need in the workplace to the entrepreneurial mindset they require in this dynamic and globalized economic system. While the workers of today are navigating this transition, students require skills to lead the working landscape of the future. These skills, known as 21st century skills which encompass enterprising skills (i.e., creativity, innovation, teamwork), are generic skills that are transferable across different jobs and are a powerful predictor of long-term job success and will be increasingly important into the future. The Australian Government calls for enhanced enterprise skills due to their ubiquitous application and benefit across life and work domains. To answer this call, this chapter bridges the knowledge and resource gap that Australian STEAM academics have by explaining the development of a specially designed platform to teach the 21st century skills and enterprise skills.

The Future of the Law of Occupation

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 107-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Boon
Keyword(s):  
Gaza Strip ◽  
First Century ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Unified Command

SummaryThe law of occupation has become the subject of great contemporary interest because of two prominent, although sui generis, situations: the long-term Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and the Golan Heights and the “transformative” occupation of Iraq. In both situations, the occupying powers resisted the label of belligerent occupier and selectively applied the 1907 Hague Regulations and the 1949 Geneva Conventions to the territories in question. The unique circumstances of these occupations have sparked vigorous debate over the future of the law of occupation. To wit, is the widely accepted, but largely unenforced, law of occupation capable of regulating transitions between armed conflict and peace in the twenty-first century? This article examines recent developments in the notoriously open-textured law of occupation that have arisen as this law has been variously ignored, invoked, challenged, examined, and ultimately reformed through practice. In particular, it discusses the triggers for beginning and ending an occupation, including recent jurisprudence on the “effective control” test. The article examines who can be an occupier, the question of “multiple occupiers” under unified command, and the obligations of occupiers in the areas of legislation and institutional reform. The author also considers the challenges of UN involvement in transitional situations, including the applicability of the law of occupation to UN forces and the role of the Security Council in adapting the law of occupation. The author concludes with a discussion of the principle of “conservationism” and the relationship between the law of occupation and jus post bellum, in order to provide an assessment of possible “futures” of the law of occupation.

scholarly journals A sea slug’s guide to plastid symbiosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan De Vries ◽  
Cessa Rauch ◽  
Gregor Christa ◽  
Sven B. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Know How ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food Particles

Some 140 years ago sea slugs that contained chlorophyll-pigmented granules similar to those of plants were described. While we now understand that these “green granules” are plastids the slugs sequester from siphonaceous algae upon which they feed, surprisingly little is really known about the molecular details that underlie this one of a kind animal-plastid symbiosis. Kleptoplasts are stored in the cytosol of epithelial cells that form the slug’s digestive tubules, and one would guess that the stolen organelles are acquired for their ability to fix carbon, but studies have never really been able to prove that. We also do not know how the organelles are distinguished from the remaining food particles the slugs incorporate with their meal and that include algal mitochondria and nuclei. We know that the ability to store kleptoplasts long-term has evolved only a few times independently among hundreds of sacoglossan species, but we have no idea on what basis. Here we take a closer look at the history of sacoglossan research and discuss recent developments. We argue that, in order to understand what makes this symbiosis work, we will need to focus on the animal’s physiology just as much as we need to commence a detailed analysis of the plastids’ photobiology. Understanding kleptoplasty in sacoglossan slugs requires an unbiased multidisciplinary approach.

Now & Then: The Long-Distance Doctor

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 802-806
Author(s):  
Betsy K. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Know How ◽  
Research Scientist ◽  
The Future

Now… Bernard A. Harris JR., MD, the first african american astronaut to walk in space, is an engineer, physician, medical research scientist, and pioneer space doctor. He defines “space doctor” as a physician of the future who will know how to keep people healthy while they are living on a space station, how to treat space-related illnesses and injuries, and what measures to take so that a long-term stay at a space station will not cause health problems when the workers return to earth. He describes his own work as learning all that he can from human experience in space and spacelike conditions so that physicians can be well-prepared, competent space doctors when the first space station is built in the immediate future.

scholarly journals Gypsy Intermediaries Guide the Stranger: Bringing Reciprocity, Some Misunderstanding, but Protection from Outsiders

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Okely
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Know How ◽  
Cultural Divide ◽  
The Future ◽  
Literate Culture ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Stranger

An independent Gypsy and policy project inspired unexpected controversy from both the Research Centre and State. Committed to ethnographic long-term fieldwork, the anthropologist eventually succeeded in living on Gypsy sites. She was guided by key individuals- here recalled, celebrated and contextualized. These Associates were all literate in a then largely non-literate culture. As intermediaries, they could point to specific challenges across the cultural divide. The future author, wherever possible, hoped to reciprocate their gifts of knowledge and know-how. Select readings of early “Gypsiologists” and pioneering anthropologists proved insightful. Countering populist stereotypes in the dominant majority society, all the Gypsies encountered in fieldwork were protectors of that young woman. This was in contrast to a few maverick outsiders, invariably from other disciplines, who seemingly resented a female intruder on “their” territory and specialism.EDITORS' NOTE: This is a revised version of the paper following a minor editorial redaction dated 20/06/2017. 

Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Dan Breznitz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future

More than a decade ago, data, supposedly, became the new “gold” or “oil” of our “age of big data.” If so, then it is critical for societies wishing to secure economic growth and prosperity to devise a data strategy. Like oil, data requires mining and processing before it can become a valuable and usable asset. First, it should be understood that it is almost never those that supply the raw ore that enjoy long-term economic prosperity. Data is a very clean word for coded life, and the consequences of someone having that knowledge, and being able to use it as they see fit, is at the core of both life and the fabric of society. The fact that data is coded life is the reason why it is a criminal dereliction of duty for a community not to develop a data strategy. Further, since data is the raw material for innovation, we have very little reason to believe we know how it will be used in the future. The only thing we can be certain about with data is that for the foreseeable future there will be significant experimentation. The regions where most of the experimentation will occur have higher chances to become the places where more of the economic growth benefits will accrue. The regions that develop a data strategy that lowers the uncertainty around its collection and usage are those that have the higher chances of becoming the locales of experimentation securing their innovation-based growth.

DIGITALIZATION OF LABOR MIGRATION PROCESSES IN UZBEKISTAN. WORLD EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Sulkhiya Gazieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Digital Logic ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Future

The future of labor market depends upon several factors, long-term innovation and the demographic developments. However, one of the main drivers of technological change in the future is digitalization and central to this development is the production and use of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies, including the computer,the smart phone and the Internet. Especially, smart automation will perhaps not cause e.g.regarding industries, occupations, skills, tasks and duties

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

Der Wald-Wild-Konflikt – was kann die Forstökonomie zur Lösung beitragen? (Essay)

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Marc Hanewinkel
Keyword(s):  
Forest Economics ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Damage Compensation ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Compensation Methods ◽  
The Future ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Forest Enterprises

The forest-game conflict – how can forest economics contribute to solve it? (Essay) Core parameters of forest economics such as land expectation value or highest revenue show that damage caused by wild ungulates can critically influence the economic success of forest enterprises. When assessing and evaluating the damage in order to calculate damage compensation, methods are applied in Germany that look either into the past (“cost value methods”) or into the future (“expected value methods”). The manifold uncertainties related to this evaluation over long-term production periods are taken into account within a framework of conventions through strongly simplifying assumptions. Only lately, the increased production risk due to game-induced loss of species diversity is also considered. Additional aspects that should be taken into account in the future are the loss of climate-adapted species, the change of the insurance values of forest ecosystems and the impossibility of specific management systems such as single-tree selection forestry due to the influence of game. Because of high transaction costs when assessing the damage, financial compensation should only be the “ultimate measure” and a meditation between stakeholder groups with the goal to find a cooperative solution before the damage occurs should be preferred.

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