scholarly journals Hepatitis B infection in people living with HIV who initiate antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
T. P. Goverwa-Sibanda ◽  
C. Mupanguri ◽  
C. Timire ◽  
A. D. Harries ◽  
S. Ngwenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Setting: There is little information about the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Zimbabwe despite recommendations that tenofovir (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) is the most effective nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in those with dual infection.Objective: To determine 1) numbers screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); 2) numbers diagnosed HBsAg-positive along with baseline characteristics; and 3) NRTI backbones used among PLHIV initiating first-line ART at Mpilo Opportunistic Infections Clinic, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, between October 2017 and April 2019.Design: This was a cross-sectional study using routinely collected data.Results: Of the 422 PLHIV initiating first-line ART (median age 34 years, IQR 25–43), 361 (85%) were screened for HBV, with 10% being HBsAg-positive. HBsAg positivity was significantly associated with anaemia (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.3, 95%CI 1.1–4.7) and elevated ala-nine transaminase levels (aPR 2.9, 95%CI 1.5–5.8). Of 38 PLHIV who were diagnosed HBsAg-positive, 30 (79%) were started on ART based on tenofovir (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC), seven were given abacavir (ABC) + 3TC-based ART and one was given zido vudine (ZDV) + 3TC-based ART.Conclusion: In PLHIV, HBV screening worked well, the prevalence of HIV-HBV co-infection was high and most patients received appropriate treatment for both conditions. Recommendations to improve screening, diagnosis and treatment of HIV-HBV co-infection are discussed.

scholarly journals First-line antiretroviral therapy and dyslipidemia in people living with HIV-1 in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pefura Yone ◽  
Awa Betyoumin ◽  
André Kengne ◽  
François Kaze Folefack ◽  
Jeanne Ngogang
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-patients in Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Daniel Vargas-Pacherrez ◽  
Helma P. Cotrim ◽  
Leonardo Pires ◽  
Vitor Cunha ◽  
Vitor Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV/AIDS varies from 20% to 33%. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in a group of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV-infected patients from a reference center in Bahia, Brazil. We evaluated clinical, socio-demographic and anthropometric data. MS was defined according to the guidelines of International Diabetes Federation. Results: We evaluated 152 patients with mean age of 47.3±11.6 years, 59.2% male. The main comorbidities detected were diabetes (3.3%) hypertriglyceridemia (9.3%) and metabolic syndrome (MS,38.2%). Patients with MS were predominantly women (55.2% vs 31.9%; p=0.005), older [52.1 (10.4) vs 44.3 (11.3); p<0.001], and had overweight (74.1% vs 23.4%; p<0.001). After multivariate analysis MS remained associated with age (OR = 1.076; 95% CI: 1.030 – 1.125), female sex (OR = 2.452; 95% CI: 1.114 – 5.374) and family history of hypertension (OR = 3.678; 95% CI: 1.431 – 9.395). Conclusion: Almost half of the HIV-infected patients in Bahia presents with MS which seems to be driven by classical risk factors.

scholarly journals Symptoms of common mental disorders and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049824
Author(s):  
Andreas D Haas ◽  
Cordelia Kunzekwenyika ◽  
Stefanie Hossmann ◽  
Josphat Manzero ◽  
Janneke van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectivesTo examine the proportion of people living with HIV who screen positive for common mental disorders (CMD) and the associations between CMD and self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).SettingSixteen government-funded health facilities in the rural Bikita district of Zimbabwe.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsHIV-positive non-pregnant adults, aged 18 years or older, who lived in Bikita district and had received ART for at least 6 months.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants screening positive for CMD defined as a Shona Symptoms Questionnaire score of 9 or greater. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of participants reporting suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for factors associated with CMD, suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence.ResultsOut of 3480 adults, 18.8% (95% CI 14.8% to 23.7%) screened positive for CMD, 2.7% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.7%) reported suicidal ideations, and 1.5% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.6%) reported perceptual symptoms. Positive CMD screens were more common in women (aPR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.35) than in men and were more common in adults aged 40–49 years (aPR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.85) or aged 50–59 years (aPR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) than in those 60 years or older. Positive CMD screen was associated with suboptimal adherence (aPR 1.53; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.70).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of people living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe are affected by CMD. There is a need to integrate mental health services and HIV programmes in rural Zimbabwe.Trial registration numberNCT03704805.

scholarly journals A Profile Of Patients Registered At Art Centre At Surat Municipal Institute Of Medical Education & Research In Surat City, Gujarat, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
B Modi ◽  
P Patel ◽  
S Patel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: An estimated 2.4 million Indians are currently living with HIV. In India, the antiretroviral treatment program started with a free ART treatment in 2003. This study was conducted in order to understand the clinico-epidemiological profi le of patients attending ART centre and the effectiveness of the therapy. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at an ART center of Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), in Surat city of Gujarat State. The data of 2357 PLHAs (People Living with HIV/ AIDS) registered at ART centre in one year time duration starting from 21st January 2010 was included in the study. Results: Among the total 2357 subjects, 1483 (63%) were males. In our study 42.3% of patients were between 31 to 40 years of age. Among the employed subjects, 32.9% of patients were laborer. Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre (VCTC) was most common entry point of patient with 50% followed by private practitioner with 23% and NGOs with 6.2%. Other entry points are self referred, RNTCP etc. Tuberculosis and diarrhoea were the most common opportunistic infections. There was signifi cant improvement in CD4 count, bodyweight and functional status of the subjects after receiving the ART for an average duration of 6 months. Conclusion: The economically productive & sexually active people and those with lesser education are at higher risk of becoming sero-positive. The subjects showed signifi cant improvement after receiving ART with respect to the CD4 count and average body weight. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v8i2.5895 SAARCTB 2011; 8(2): 11-16

scholarly journals Late Onset of Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults Living with HIV in an Urban Area in Brazil: Prevalence and Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Ribeiro Guimarães Pacheco ◽  
Ana Laura Sene Amâncio Zara ◽  
Luiz Carlos Silva e Souza ◽  
Marília Dalva Turchi
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Late Initiation ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has been available since 1996. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to improved therapeutic response and reduced HIV transmission. However, a significant number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) still start treatment late. Objective. This study aimed to analyze characteristics and factors associated with late initiation of ART among HIV-infected treatment-naïve patients. Methods. This cross-sectional study included PLHIV older than 17 years who initiated ART at two public health facilities from 2009 to 2012, in a city located in Midwestern Brazil. Pregnant women were excluded. Data were collected from medical records, antiviral dispensing forms, and the Logistics Control of Medications System (SICLOM) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Late initiation of ART was defined as CD4+ cell count < 200 cells/mm3 or presence of AIDS-defining illness. Uni- and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate associated factors for late ARV using SPSS®, version 21. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results. 1,141 individuals were included, with a median age of 41 years, and 69.1% were male. The prevalence of late initiation of ART was 55.8% (95%CI: 52.9-58.7). The more common opportunistic infections at ART initiation were pneumocystosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and histoplasmosis. Overall, 38.8% of patients had HIV viral load equal to or greater than 100,000 copies/mL. Late onset of ART was associated with higher mortality. After logistic regression, factors shown to be associated with late initiation of ARV were low education level, sexual orientation, high baseline viral load, place of residence outside metropolitan area, and concomitant infection with hepatitis B virus. Conclusion. These results revealed the need to increase early treatment of HIV infection, focusing especially on groups of people who are more socially vulnerable or have lower self-perceived risk.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Rate and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV in Dubti Hospital, Afar Regional State, East Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekele Belayihun ◽  
Rahma Negus
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction. Antiretroviral Therapy has transformed HIV infection into a chronic manageable disease; it requires near perfect adherence rates (as high as 95%). In this study, we assessed antiretroviral treatment adherence rate and associated factors among people living with HIV in Dubti Hospital. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted within February 1–30, 2014. All HIV-infected patients above the age of 18 years who took first line Antiretroviral Therapy were eligible for inclusion of the study. Adherence Scale was used for labeling patients as adherent or nonadherent. All HIV-infected patients record data were collected from the medical records, entered, and analyzed using Epi Info 7 and SPSS Version 20. Multivariable analysis was used to identify the relative effect of explanatory variables on low adherence rate. Results. A total of 370 patients aged 18 years and above, who started ART, were included in this study. The self-reported adherence rate of the patient on ART was 81.1%. Independent predictors of adherence were treatment duration. Conclusion. Adherence rate was associated with time to ART. That is, the longer they were on ART, the lesser they adhered.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Impact of COVID-19 on Middle-Aged and Older People living with HIV in Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Maria Diaz ◽  
Diego M Cabrera ◽  
Marcela Gil-Zacarias ◽  
Valeria Ramirez ◽  
Manuel Saavedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Living With Hiv

COVID-19 has had an unprecedented worldwide impact, and Peru has had one of the highest COVID-19 case rates despite implementation of an early strict nationwide quarantine. Repercussions on Peru healthcare system may impact vulnerable populations, particularly people with HIV (PWH). We explored the knowledge of COVID-19 and the socioeconomic and health impact of the pandemic among middle-aged and older PWH. A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to 156 PWH age >=40 years receiving care in one of two large HIV clinics in Lima, Peru. The majority of PWH (age 52+/-7.7 years, 41% female, 65% completed secondary school or less) were knowledgeable regarding COVID-19 symptoms and prevention methods. Nearly half of those employed prior to the pandemic reported job loss. Female sex (unadjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 1.85 [95%CI 1.27-2.69]), low educational level (PR 1.62 [1.06-2.48]) and informal work (PR 1.58 [1.06-2.36]) were risk factors for unemployment but not in adjusted models. Increased anxiety was reported in 64% and stress in 77%. COVID-19 has had a substantial socioeconomic and mental health impact on PWH living in Lima, Peru, particularly those with lower educational levels and informal workers. Efforts are needed to ensure continued medical care and socioeconomic support of PWH in Peru.

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