scholarly journals A review on the distribution, abundance, residency, survival and population structure of coastal bottlenose dolphins in Argentina

10.5597/00233 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Vermeulen ◽  
Ricardo Bastida ◽  
Leonardo G. Berninsone ◽  
Pablo Bordino ◽  
Mauricio Failla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Sympatric Distribution ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Available Information

Although bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus are among the most common delphinid species, global population trends remain poorly understood. To improve the knowledge of the species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, thispaper reviews all available data related to the distribution and occurrence, abundance, residency and ranging patterns, group size and composition, survival and reproduction and population structure of the coastal bottlenose dolphin in Argentina. Most information proved to be scattered in time and space. Based on the available data, total abundance of coastal bottlenose dolphins in Argentina appears to be low. Data show sightings decreased notably since the 1990s in the northern province of Buenos Aires and the province of Chubut, with the species having disappeared completely from the former region. Data also indicated that two genetically and morphologically distinct coastal populations occur in Argentinean coastal waters, with a sympatric distribution in the provinces of Río Negro and Chubut. One is an isolated ‘Evolutionary Signifcant Unit’ within the larger Southwest Atlantic, whereas the other population appears to be genetically related to the Southwest Atlantic offshore ecotype. In the absence of more substantial data, the present information is pertinent to our scientifc knowledge of the species in the country, collating all published information as well as information from grey literature and previously unpublished data. However, the available information appears to remain insufcient to explain the apparent decline in sightings and to assess the remaining abundance nationwide accurately. Therefore, we strongly recommend increased research efforts for an in-depth assessment of the species’ population status in Argentina.

scholarly journals Report of the Working Group on the Behavioral Ecology of bottlenose dolphins in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-120
Author(s):  
Camila Domit ◽  
Paula Laporta ◽  
Camilah A. Zappes ◽  
Liliane Lodi ◽  
Lilian S. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Situational Contexts ◽  
Available Information

In this report, we present a compilation of the behavioral patterns of bottlenose dolphins and social structure throughout the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. We have compiled and summarized available data concerning: (i) behavioral activities (states and events), (ii) social structures (group size and composition), (iii) acoustic behavior and (iv) intra and interspecific interactions of bottlenose dolphin populations throughout the SWAO, from northern Brazil to southern Argentina. Lack of systematic and standardized methodologies for data collection precludes robust data analyses in respect of bottlenose dolphin behavior. Available information suggests that the studied populations presented weak intra-population associations and that coastal individuals tend to form smaller groups than their oceanic counterparts. Bottlenose dolphins from SWAO produce stylized whistles in which the acoustic parameters are similar to published ranges around the world and some results indicate significant local inter-population variation in the acoustic parameters of the whistles. Data of intra and interspecific interactions of bottlenose dolphins in the SWAO are scarce and therefore do not fully allow a comprehensive analysis of the situational contexts.

scholarly journals Report of the Working Group on Habitat Use of Tursiops truncatus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean

10.5597/00215 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Laporta ◽  
Cristiane C.A. Martins ◽  
Liliane Lodi ◽  
Camila Domit ◽  
Els Vermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Effort Allocation ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Resident Populations ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Survey Effort

The review compiles available information about the habitat use patterns of bottlenose dolphins within the SWAO, including temporal analysis of survey effort allocation, and spatial analysis indicating areas of resident or seasonally resident populations. 

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization of genetic diversity and population structure of Valeriana officinalis L.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Boczkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Bączek ◽  
Olga Kosakowska ◽  
Anna Rucińska ◽  
Wiesław Podyma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Genetic Fingerprint ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Outcrossing Species

Abstract Background: Valeriana officinalis L. is one of the most important medicinal plant with a mild sedative, nervine, antispasmodic and relaxant effect. Despite a substantial number of studies on this species, population genomics has not yet been analyzed. The main aim of this study was: characterization of genetic variation of natural populations of V. officinalis in Poland and comparison of variation of wild populations and the cultivated form using Next Generation Sequencing based DArTseq technique. We also would like to establish foundations for genetic monitoring of the species in the future and to develop genetic fingerprint profile for samples deposited in gene bank and in natural sites in order to assess the degree of their genetic integrity and population structure preservation in the future.Results: The major and also the most astounding result of our work is the low level of observed heterozygosity of individual plants from natural populations despite the fact that the species is widespread in the studied area. Inbreeding, in naturally outcrossing species such as valerian, decreases the reproductive success. The analysis of the population structure indicated the potential presence of metapopulation in a broad area of Poland and the formation of a distinct gene pool in Bieszczady Mountains. The results also indicate the presence of individuals of the cultivated form in natural populations in the region where the species is cultivated for the needs of the pharmaceutical industry and this could lead to structural and genetic imbalance in wild populations.Conclusions: The DArTseq technology can be applied effectively in genetic studies of V. officinalis. The genetic variability of wild populations is in fact significantly lower than assumed. Individuals from the cultivated population are found in the natural environment and their impact on wild populations should be monitored.

scholarly journals Towards the Automatic Generation of Virtual Presenter Agents

10.28945/3018 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Nijholt
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Audience Participation ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Museum Guide ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Sales Agent ◽  
Available Information ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Embodied Agent

There are many ways to present information to visitors and users of 2D and 3D interface environments. In these virtual environments we can provide visitors with simulations of real environments, including simulations of presenters in such environments (a lecturer, a sales agent, a receptionist, a museum guide) and including audience participation in these environments. Our research aims at generating presentations from available multimedia information. In particular, we would like to see the generation of presentations by embodied conversational agents that employ verbal and nonverbal capabilities. In the past we have seen the introduction of embodied agents and robots that take the role of a museum guide, a news presenter, a teacher, a receptionist, or someone who is trying to sell insurance, houses or tickets. In all these cases the embodied agent needs to explain and to describe. The automatic generation of presentations and presentation agents from information sources is still too ambitious a task. Therefore we look at research from the perspective of the design of tools that can support presenters or can help to provide natural access to presentations and lectures. Can we use a given collection of sheets and maybe other accessible media sources to design, create and generate an embodied presenter? Among others we discuss manual annotation of available information and the way in which presenter agents can use it. Clearly, the development of tools for these purposes is a first step towards automating the generation of presentations and presentation agents.

scholarly journals Genetic isolation of a now extinct population of bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus )

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1618) ◽  
pp. 1611-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Nichols ◽  
Jerry Herman ◽  
Oscar E Gaggiotti ◽  
Keith M Dobney ◽  
Kim Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Historical Range ◽  
Local Habitat

A number of dolphin species, though highly mobile, show genetic structure among parapatric and sometimes sympatric populations. However, little is known about the temporal patterns of population structure for these species. Here, we apply Bayesian inference and data from ancient DNA to assess the structure and dynamics of bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) populations in the coastal waters of the UK. We show that regional population structure in UK waters is consistent with earlier studies suggesting local habitat dependence for this species in the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic. One genetically differentiated UK population went extinct at least 100 years ago and has not been replaced. The data indicate that this was a local extinction, and not a case of historical range shift or contraction. One possible interpretation is a declining metapopulation and conservation need for this species in the UK.

scholarly journals Structure des populations de Tamarindus indica L. dans la zone Sud-Ouest du Niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-142
Author(s):  
Amadou Garba ◽  
Abdou Amani ◽  
Soumana Douma ◽  
Abdoul Kader Soumaila Sina ◽  
Ali Mahamane
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rural District ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Distribution Characteristic ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
The Status ◽  
Region Data

L’état des populations de Tamarindus indica L. des zones sud-ouest du Niger a été établi à travers l’analyse de leur structure demographiques. L’étude a été conduite dans les communes rurales du département de Torodi, région de Tillabéry et de Bana et Tanda du département de Gaya, région de Dosso. Les données ont été collectées au moyen des relevés floristiques et des mesures de diamètres à 1,30 m pour les arbres et à 20 cm pour les arbustes et par le comptage des individus ayant un diamètre inférieur à 5 cm (d > 5 cm). Les résultats obtenus montrent que les densités de l’espèce au niveau des trois sites sont faibles et comprises entre 1 à 10 individus /ha, avec un taux de régénération nul. Les distributions observées des structures en diamètres et en hauteur s’ajustent avec les distributions théoriques de Weibull. Les valeurs du paramètre de forme C, supérieures à 3,6 (C > 3,6) pour les structures en diamètres, caractérisent une distribution asymétrique négative ou asymétrique gauche, caractéristique des peuplements monospécifiques à prédominance d’individus âgés. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots clés: Tamarinsus indica, structure, populations, Niger English Title: Demographical structure of the Tamarindus indica L. in southwest of Niger (north Soudan) English Abstract The status of Tamarindus indica populations in southwestern Niger has been established through the analysis of their population structure. The current study was conducted in the rural district of Torodi province, Tillabéry Region and the rural district of Bana and Tanda of Gaya province, Dosso Region. Data have been collected by means of floristic sampling, and measuring diameters of 1.3 meter for trees and 20 centimeters for shrubs, and counting species with less than five centimer diameters (d > 5 cm). The results have revealed that the density of the species at the three sites is lower and between 1 to 10 species per acre. The structure distributions observed in terms of diameter and height are in lign with Weibull theoretical distributions. The form C parameter is superior than 3.6 (C > 3.6) for the diameter structures, characterize a negative asymmetric or left asymmetric distribution, characteristic of monospecific stands with a predominance of older individual. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Tamarindus indica, structure, populations, Niger

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