scholarly journals From thyroid cartilage to thyroid gland

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Laios ◽  
Efstathia Lagiou ◽  
Vasiliki Konofaou ◽  
Maria Piagkou ◽  
Marianna Karamanou
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage

scholarly journals Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Within Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A895-A896
Author(s):  
Raghda Al Anbari ◽  
Majlinda Xhikola ◽  
Sushma Kadiyala
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Anterior Neck ◽  
Duct Cyst ◽  
Thyroglossal Duct

Abstract A 55-year-old female with medical history of hypothyroidism and fibrocystic disease of the breast presented with complains of a painful anterior neck mass, difficulty swallowing and hoarseness of the voice. Symptoms had progressed over a period of 5 months. CT neck with contrast indicated the presence of an ectopic thyroid tissue anterior to the thyroid cartilage measuring approximately 1.7 x 1.2 x 3.1 cm, with indistinct inferior margins and internal calcifications. The hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage had no irregularities. The thyroid gland itself was unremarkable except for small complex thyroid nodules in both lobes. No masses within the pharynx or larynx were noted. Family history was significant for lymphoma in her father. On physical exam, a hard, mobile right anterior neck mass was appreciated. Labs showed normal TSH of 1.05 uIU/mL and normal free T4 of 1.2 ng/dL. Further evaluation with a dedicated neck US showed a right submandibular mass, superior to the thyroid, lobulated and heterogeneous measuring 2.0 x 1.0 x 2.3 cm with multiple areas of calcifications and internal Doppler flow. The thyroid gland had normal size and texture with bilateral sub centimeter non-concerning nodules. After ENT evaluation and an unremarkable flexible fiberoptic nasolaryngoscope, patient underwent surgical excisional biopsy of the neck mass. Pathology was consistent with thyroglossal duct cyst with the presence of thyroid follicles. An incidental finding of a 0.9 cm papillary microcarcinoma was noted, which was encapsulated with focal extracapsular follicular structures showing papillary nuclear features with no perineural or lymphovascular invasion. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for TTF-1 and PAX8. Development of papillary thyroid cancer within the thyroglossal duct cyst is a rare event, reportedly occurring in 1% of thyroglossal duct cysts. There are no well-established management guidelines. Current management strategies consist of monitoring with serial neck ultrasound versus total thyroidectomy with consideration of postsurgical I-131 treatment, based on pathology results. Our patient opted for undergoing total thyroidectomy.

scholarly journals Laryngeal schwannoma with extralaryngeal extension mimicking a thyroid tumour

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210089
Author(s):  
Ayako Mikoshi ◽  
Hiromi Edo ◽  
Tatsu Hase ◽  
Taishi Sakima ◽  
Kosuke Uno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Thyroid Tumour ◽  
Diagnosis Accuracy ◽  
Submucosal Mass ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Significant Compression

Objective: A schwannoma is a common benign tumour that can arise anywhere in the body. When it occurs in an unusual location such as the larynx, its differentiation from other tumours can be challenging. Herein, we report a case of a laryngeal schwannoma with extralaryngeal extension that mimicked a thyroid tumour, focusing on its characteristic features on MRI. Methods: A 19-year-old male presented with a mass in the left side of the neck and hoarseness for 2 years. Endoscopy showed a submucosal mass in the laryngeal region. MRI found a well-defined solid mass in the thyroid gland, extending to the larynx through the lower edge of the thyroid cartilage. T2 weighted MRI showed slightly low signal intensity at the central part of the tumour and high signal intensity at the peripheral part of the tumour. Pre-operative imaging suggested that the tumour originated in the thyroid gland. Left thyroidectomy with tumour excision was performed; the tumour was diagnosed as a laryngeal schwannoma with extralaryngeal extension, compressing the thyroid gland. In retrospect, features such as the dumbbell-shape and known as ‘target sign’ on T2 weighted MRI were typical features of schwannoma. Additionally, the tumour’s extension pattern was similar to previous reports of laryngeal schwannomas with extralaryngeal extension. Conclusion: A large laryngeal schwannoma may extend outside the larynx with significant compression of the thyroid gland. Understanding the pattern of extension and familiarity with the features on MRI can improve the preoperative diagnosis accuracy.

Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing thyroid cartilage and thyroid gland invasion by squamous cell carcinoma in laryngectomy patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Kinshuck ◽  
P W A Goodyear ◽  
J Lancaster ◽  
N J Roland ◽  
S Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Cartilage Invasion ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjectives:We examined the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing thyroid cartilage and thyroid gland invasion in patients undergoing total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma, by comparing histopathology results with imaging findings.Study design:A retrospective study reviewed histology and magnetic resonance scan results for all total laryngectomies performed between 1998–2008 at University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool.Methods:Pre-operative magnetic resonance images were reviewed independently by two consultant head and neck radiologists masked to the histology; their opinions were then compared with histology findings.Results:Eighty-one magnetic resonance scans were reviewed. There were 22 laryngectomy patients with histologically verified thyroid cartilage invasion and one patient with thyroid gland invasion. There were 31 patients with apparent radiological thyroid cartilage invasion pre-operatively (with 17 false positives), giving sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 64, 71, 45 and 84 per cent, respectively. On assessing thyroid gland invasion, there were nine false positive scans and no false negative scans, giving sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100, 89, 10 and 100 per cent, respectively.Conclusion:Magnetic resonance scanning over-predicts thyroid cartilage and gland invasion in patients undergoing total laryngectomy. Magnetic resonance scans have limited effectiveness in predicting thyroid cartilage invasion by squamous cell carcinoma in laryngectomy patients.

Thyroid cartilage at the suprasternal notch with low situated thyroid gland

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soliman M. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Suprasternal Notch ◽  
Cervical Trachea

AbstractThe thyroid cartilage and thyroid gland forming a lump at the suprasternal notch is a surprising congenital anomaly which I believe has not been previously reported.A case with co-existent low hyoid bone, pharyngo-oesophageal junction and intrathoracic cricoid cartilage with no cervical trachea is presented. Its pathogenesis is suggested and its surgical importance is discussed.

scholarly journals VIRIATION OF THE EXTERNAL BRANCH OF THE SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
V Y Malyuga ◽  
A A Kuprin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Oblique Line ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Type I ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Till now, there is no universal clinical classification about variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve despite the multiple classifications that was proposed. The aim of this research is identification and systematization of topographic types of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identify two permanent landmark that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and on which we made metrical calculations: oblique line of thyroid cartilage, tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. The “entry” point of the nerve is always located on the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle,and not protruding beyond the oblique line of thyroid cartilage superiorly and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle anteriorly. The proposed topographic classification of the location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is based on localization of point of pierced of the nerve relating to the length of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage. In 64.2% of cases, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was in close proximity to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, which could lead to its damage during surgery (type I and II). In type III and IV (35.8%) - the point of "entry" in the muscle was located as far as possible from the upper pole of the thyroid gland, and most of the nerve was covered by the fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

scholarly journals Incidental thyroid uptake during 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy in oncologic patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stojanoski Sinisa ◽  
Manevska Nevena ◽  
Jovanovska Anamarija
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Bone Scintigraphy ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Metastatic Calcification ◽  
Methylene Diphosphonate ◽  
99Mtc Pertechnetate ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Thyroid Uptake

Introduction: Extraosseous accumulation of 99mTc – methylene diphosphonate (MDP) may be due to neoplastic, dystrophic, hormonal, inflammatory, ischemic, traumatic or excretory disorders. 99mTc-MDP incidental thyroid uptake is not frequent and is possibly caused by the presence of dystrophic or metastatic calcification, biopsy procedure and presence of benign or malignant thyroid nodules. To analyze the etiological factors leading to 99mTc-MDP uptake in the thyroid gland. Methods: Fifty patients (pts), 19 females (38%) and 31 males (62%), 62±12 years, with no pervious history of thyroid disease, were included in the study. In the period January 2016 – January 2018, all pts underwent MDP bone scintigraphy due to oncologic indication and incidental tracer uptake was noted in the region of the thyroid gland. Ultrasonography (US) was performed in all pts. Patients with detected nodules underwent 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Thyroid hormone and autoantibodies levels were also analyzed. SPECT/CT procedure was performed in all patients to precisely localize the MDP uptake. Results: Thirty-nine patients had calcifications in the thyroid gland (29 with microcalcifications and 10 with macrocalcifications). In 23 patients, thyroid nodules were detected. 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy presented 15 cold nodules and 8 nodules with increased tracer uptake. FNAC in 3 patients presented nuclear anisocariosis, with Hurthle cell metaplasia, and surgery was advised. In 11 patients, thyroid cartilage calcifications were detected. Conclusion: Incidental findings of thyroid 99mTc-MDP accumulation during bone scintigraphy indicate presence of additional, previously unexpected, active disease processes.

Viscera of the neck

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Daniel R. van Gijn ◽  
Jonathan Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Oblique Line ◽  
Tracheal Ring ◽  
Inferior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Venous Plexus ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Lower Neck

The thyroid gland is a symmetrical H-shaped endocrine structure in the lower neck. It consists of two lobes, each extending from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage above to the sixth tracheal ring below – united by a median isthmus covered by the anterior jugular veins. The small, (usually) paired and inconsistent parathyroid glands lie behind the lobes of the thyroid gland. They measure 6mm by 4mm by 2mm and are ordinarily four in number – two superior and two inferior. They are involved in the careful regulation of the body’s calcium levels. Both superior and inferior glands are ordinarily supplied by the inferior thyroid artery. Drainage is into the venous plexus on the anterior surface of the thyroid.

scholarly journals Redefining Anatomy in a Case of Midline Subhyoid Ectopic Thyroid

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-181
Author(s):  
Kiran M Naik
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Ectopic Thyroid ◽  
Thyroglossal Cyst ◽  
Duct Cyst ◽  
Thyroid Mass ◽  
Good Cosmetic

ABSTRACT Ectopic thyroid is an uncommon embryological aberration of the thyroid descent. Subhyoid median ectopic thyroid gland is a result of incomplete descent of the thyroid anlage and is characterized by a cosmetically unacceptable ovoid mass of thyroid tissue in the midline overlying the thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane. A normally placed thyroid gland is not detectable and in most cases all functioning thyroid tissue is located within the mass. Usually it is mistaken for a thyroglossal cyst and excised. Severe myxedema follows removal. Many cases have been reported in the literature, none of which was recognized prior to operation. All patients were operated upon for removal of a thyroglossal duct cyst. The diagnosis was missed at operation and in these cases severe myxedema was universal. The cause of the myxedema was not always immediately recognized. Therefore, many diagnostic tests including thyroid function test, ultrasound of the neck and thyroid scanning had been recommended in the preoperative evaluation of a thyroglossal cyst. Here, we present a case of ectopic thyroid mass which was the only thyroid tissue present in the neck. So division and repositioning of the thyroid mass thereby redefining the anatomy was done with good cosmetic result. How to cite this article Naik KM. Redefining Anatomy in a Case of Midline Subhyoid Ectopic Thyroid. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):179-181.

​Comparative Gross Anatomical and Biometrical Studies on Thyroid Gland of Buffalo, Sheep and Goat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Poonia ◽  
Anuradha Gupta ◽  
Varinder Uppal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Tracheal Ring ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

Background: The thyroid gland is vital endocrine gland which secretes three hormones i.e. thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and Calcitonin hormones. The thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones are biologically active and are required for maintenance of normal levels of metabolic activity. The thyroid also produces calcitonin from the parafollicular cells which act directly on osteoclast to decrease the bone resorption which lower the blood calcium level. Deficient or excessive production of thyroid hormones may lead to serious pathological states with outward symptoms. Methods: The gross anatomical and biometrical studies were conducted on thyroid gland of buffalo, sheep and goat (n=12) collected immediately after slaughtering from slaughter house and local meat shop. The weight of thyroid gland was measured by weighing balance, volume by water displacement method, length and width of lateral lobes and isthmus by calibrated scale and inelastic thread and thickness of lateral lobes and isthmus was measured by digital vernier calliper. The data was analysed statistically. Result: The lateral lobes were roughly triangular in buffalo and elongated in sheep and oval in goat. The surfaces were granular and rough in buffalo but smooth in sheep and goat. It extended from thyroid cartilage to 2nd tracheal ring in buffalo, 1st to 6th tracheal ring in sheep and 1st to 7th tracheal ring in goat. The left lobe was larger than the right lobe in all the three species studied. The thyroid gland was biggest in buffalo followed by goat and smallest in sheep. The density of isthmus was more than the lobes in sheep and goat but not in buffalo.

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