scholarly journals Use of Standard Meteorological Messages to Simulate the Flight of 35 mm TP-T Projectile Under Actual Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Leszek BARANOWSKI ◽  
Zbigniew LECIEJEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Actual Atmosphere

The paper presents a method of using actual atmosphere parameter data contained in meteorological messages, necessary for numerical calculation of a spin-stabilised projectile trajectory. Three standard meteorological messages are considered: message METB3 compliant with STANAG 4061, message METCM compliant with STANAG 4082, and message METEO11, so called meteoaverage, currently used in the Polish Armed Forces. The purpose of verifying the correctness of the prepared algorithms of using meteorological messages, a computer program simulating the flight of the 35 mm TP-T anti-aircraft projectiles under actual atmospheric conditions was developed, and appropriate calculations were performed.

scholarly journals Meteorology in field artillery ballistic calculations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012149
Author(s):  
M Mendel
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Atmospheric Data

Abstract The most important meteorological data are:ambient temperature, precipitation quantity, air humidity, amount and type of clouds, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, visibility, weather phenomena. These coefficients impact the effectiveness of various combat activities, especially those conducted in an open space. Knowledge of future weather conditions is essential for planning the location, calculating times, choice of means, and other aspects relevant to the upcoming operations. Taking weather conditions into account is vital, specifically when it comes to planning combat operations, where the accuracy in cooperation is of paramount importance. Rocket forces and artillery is a particular type of armed forces where weather conditions are critical. The effectiveness of artillery depends on ballistic calculation precision, and so knowledge of atmospheric conditions is fundamental. Atmospheric data are collected from sounding using a single probe attached to a balloon. It is generally known that particular meteorological parameters change in a smooth spatial manner depending on various coefficients. Information about the atmosphere collected by a single probe may be insufficient, due to the possibility of a balloon drifting away from the area of interest, and the calculations are based on data received from its probe. In this paper, I will suggest a method for preparing artillery use meteorologically, which takes into account the distribution of particular meteorological coefficients over a given area.

Zur kinetischen Analyse mit Hilfe der formalen Integration

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Mauser ◽  
Ute Hezel
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Graphical Methods ◽  
General Reaction ◽  
Irradiation Unit ◽  
Formal Integration ◽  
Set Up

The application of “formal integration” to general reaction kinetics is described. Its advantages are demonstrated by using photoisomerization of azobenzene. The greater significance of this kind of analysis compared with graphical methods is pointed out. A computer program was set up for numerical calculation. For photokinetical experiments a special irradiation unit had to be constructed.

scholarly journals Numerical calculation of a statically indeterminate frame by the finite element method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (3) ◽  
pp. 032030
Author(s):  
S A Sazonova ◽  
V F Asminin ◽  
A V Zvyagintseva ◽  
T V Kurchenkova ◽  
S S Rylev
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
High Rigidity ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Deformed State ◽  
Element Method

Abstract A numerical calculation of a statically indeterminate frame with high rigidity elements with the computer program STAB12. EXE using the finite element method is performed. An example of generating the source data for the program STAB12. EXE with subsequent processing of the results of the calculations is given. The features of checking the balance of nodes, rods and the frame as a whole based on the use of values taking into account the signs on the diagrams of torques, longitudinal and transverse forces are described. According to the results of calculations, the computer shows the frame in a deformed state.

scholarly journals Visualization of a Lifeboat Motion During Lowering Along Ship’s Side

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Kniat
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Static Mode ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
3D Surfaces

Abstract This paper presents description of a computer program for motion visualization of a lifeboat lowered along ship’s side. The program is a post-processor which reads results of numerical calculations of simulated objects’ motions. The data is used to create scene composed of 3D surfaces to visualize mutual spatial positions of a lifeboat, ship’s side and water waving surface. Since the numerical data contain description of a simulation as a function of time it is possible to screen a static scene showing the simulated objects in an arbitrary instance of time. The program can also reproduce a sequence of scenes in the form of animation and control its speed. The static mode allows to view an arbitrary crosssection of the scene, rotate and enlarge specific details and make the image more realistic by hiding invisible lines or shading. The application of the program is aimed at making it possible to assess and analyze numerical calculation results in advance of their experimental verification.

A general computer program for the extended plate overlap algorithm

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. de Vegt ◽  
E. Ebner ◽  
K. von der Heide
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
General Computer Program ◽  
General Computer

In contrast to the adjustment of single plates a block adjustment is a simultaneous determination of all unknowns associated with many overlapping plates (star positions and plate constants etc. ) by one large adjustment. This plate overlap technique was introduced by Eichhorn and reviewed by Googe et. al. The author now has developed a set of computer programmes which allows the adjustment of any set of contemporaneous overlapping plates. There is in principle no limit for the number of plates, the number of stars, the number of individual plate constants for each plate, and for the overlapping factor.

Structures and crystallization of vacuum-deposited amorphous Se and Sb films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Makoto Shiojiri ◽  
Toshiyuki Isshiki ◽  
Tetsuya Fudaba ◽  
Yoshihiro Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Binding Condition

In hexagonal Se crystal each atom is covalently bound to two others to form an endless spiral chain, and in Sb crystal each atom to three others to form an extended puckered sheet. Such chains and sheets may be regarded as one- and two- dimensional molecules, respectively. In this paper we investigate the structures in amorphous state of these elements and the crystallization.HRTEM and ED images of vacuum-deposited amorphous Se and Sb films were taken with a JEM-200CX electron microscope (Cs=1.2 mm). The structure models of amorphous films were constructed on a computer by Monte Carlo method. Generated atoms were subsequently deposited on a space of 2 nm×2 nm as they fulfiled the binding condition, to form a film 5 nm thick (Fig. 1a-1c). An improvement on a previous computer program has been made as to realize the actual film formation. Radial distribution fuction (RDF) curves, ED intensities and HRTEM images for the constructed structure models were calculated, and compared with the observed ones.

Selective Corrosion of brazed joint between BNi-2 filler metal and stainless steel 316

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
H. S. Kim ◽  
R. U. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Incomplete Fusion ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Leak Test ◽  
High Temperature Side ◽  
Inconel 600

A heating element/electrical conduit assembly used in the Orbiter Maneuvering System failed a leak test during a routine refurbishment inspection. The conduit, approximately 100 mm in length and 12 mm in diameter, was fabricated from two tubes and braze-joined with a sleeve. The tube on the high temperature side (heating element side) and the sleeve were made of Inconel 600 and the other tube was stainless steel (SS) 316. For the filler metal, a Ni-Cr-B brazing alloy per AWS BNi-2, was used. A Helium leak test spotted the leak located at the joint between the sleeve and SS 316 tubing. This joint was dissected, mounted in a plastic mold, polished, and examined with an optical microscope. Debonding of the brazed surfaces was noticed, more pronounced toward the sleeve end which was exposed to uncontrolled atmospheric conditions intermittently. Initially, lack of wetting was suspected, presumably caused by inadequate surface preparation or incomplete fusion of the filler metal. However, this postulation was later discarded based upon the following observations: (1) The angle of wetting between the fillet and tube was small, an indication of adequate wetting, (2) the fillet did not exhibit a globular microstructure which would be an indication of insufficient melting of the filler metal, and (3) debonding was intermittent toward the midsection of the sleeve.

Recent Progress In High-Resolution Shadowing For Biological Transmission Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Gross ◽  
Katarina Krusche ◽  
Peter Tittmann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Equipment ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Backing Layer

Freeze-drying followed by heavy metal shadowing is a long established and straight forward approach to routinely study the structure of dehydrated macromolecules. Very thin specimens such as isolated membranes or single macromolecules are directly adsorbed on C-coated grids. After rapid freezing the grids are transferred into a suitable vacuum equipment for freeze-drying and heavy metal shadowing.To improve the resolution power of shadowing films we introduced shadowing at very low specimen temperature (−250°C). To routinely do that without the danger of contamination we developed in collaboration with Balzers an UHV (p≤10-9 mbar) machine (BAF500K, Fig.2). It should be mentioned here that at −250°C the specimen surface acts as effective cryopump for practically all impinging residual gas molecules from the residual gas atmosphere.Common high resolution shadowing films (Pt/C, Ta/W) have to be protected from alterations due to air contact by a relatively thick C-backing layer, when transferred via atmospheric conditions into the TEM. Such an additional C-coat contributes disturbingly to the contrast at high resolution.

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